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Price transmission in vertically linked agri-food markets received considerable attention in recent years. An attempt is made in this article to investigating the nature of price transmission in the Canadian apple and orange markets. Monthly import and retail prices of apples and oranges in Canada from 1996 to 2017 are used to examine the direction, speed, and magnitude of price transmission in two fresh fruits market employing cointegration and error correction modelling. The results reveal that for each commodity, there is only one longrun relationship between the upstream and downstream prices. In each case, import price influences the price at the retail level. Our results also demonstrate that there is asymmetric price transmission for apples in Canada. The margin is corrected more rapidly when it is squeezed than when the margin is expanded.

Food waste is a growing worldwide concern due to its negative social, economic and environmental implications. Nearly half of all food waste occurs at the household level, making consumers a key target for waste reduction efforts. However, despite the recent surge of interest in food waste reduction strategies, there is still a need for studies that examine the causes of food waste in Canada, particularly from a household perspective. The goal of this study is to determine the relationship between family food skills and purchasing routines on the amount of food waste that a household produces. Food skills were reported via a survey, food receipt data was collected to determine food purchasing patterns, and food waste data was directly measured by the study team. The data was analyzed using bivariate and multivariate methods. The results suggest that households that spend more on groceries also have higher levels of waste and that a busier household actually has less waste.