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2. Fabrication of a Simple and Efficient HPLC Reduction Column for Online Conversion of Aristolochic Acids to Aristolactams Prior to Sensitive Fluorescence Detection

Author

Chin, Man-Lung, primary, Au, Chun-Kit, additional, Chan, Chi-Kong, additional, Jin, Long, additional, Živković Stošić, Milena Z., additional, Đorđević Zlatković, Miljana R., additional, Zlatković, Dragan, additional, Pavlović, Nikola M., additional, and Chan, Wan, additional

Published
2023
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6. Novel advances in biotransformation and bioactivation research – 2020 year in review

Author

Khojasteh, S Cyrus, Argikar, Upendra A, Driscoll, James P, Heck, Carley JS, King, Lloyd, Jackson, Klarissa D, Jian, Wenying, Kalgutkar, Amit S, Miller, Grover P, Kramlinger, Valerie, Rietjens, Ivonne MCM, Teitelbaum, Aaron M, Wang, Kai, Wei, Cong, Johnson, Benjamin M, Shu, Yue-Zhong, Zhuo, Xiaoliang, Meanwell, Nicholas A, Cerny, Matthew A, Obach, R Scott, Sharma, Raman, Spracklin, Douglas K, Walker, Gregory S, Goracci, Laura, Desantis, Jenny, Valeri, Aurora, Castellani, Beatrice, Eleuteri, Michela, Cruciani, Gabriele, Lall, Manjinder S, Bassyouni, Asser, Bradow, James, Brown, Maria, Bundesmann, Mark, Chen, Jinshan, Ciszewski, Gregory, Hagen, Anne E, Hyek, Dennis, Jenkinson, Stephen, Liu, Bo, Pan, Senliang, Reilly, Usa, Sach, Neal, Smaltz, Daniel J, Starr, Jeremy, Wagenaar, Melissa, de Bruyn Kops, Christina, Sicho, Martin, Mazzolari, Angelica, Kirchmair, Johannes, Korprasertthaworn, Porntipa, Chau, Nuy, Nair, Pramod C, Rowland, Andrew, Miners, John O, Wrobleski, Stephen T, Moslin, Ryan, Lin, Shuqun, Zhang, Yanlei, Spergel, Steven, Kempson, James, Tokarski, John S, Strnad, Joann, Zupa-Fernandez, Adriana, Cheng, Lihong, Shuster, David, Gillooly, Kathleen, Yang, Xiaoxia, Heimrich, Elizabeth, McIntyre, Kim W, Chaudhry, Charu, Khan, Javed, Ruzanov, Max, Tredup, Jeffrey, Mulligan, Dawn, Xie, Dianlin, Sun, Huadong, Huang, Christine, D'Arienzo, Celia, Aranibar, Nelly, Chiney, Manoj, Chimalakonda, Anjaneya, Pitts, William J, Lombardo, Louis, Carter, Percy H, Burke, James R, Weinstein, David S, Li, Jing, Liu, Ju, Enders, Jennifer, Arciprete, Michael, Tran, Chris, Aluri, Krishna, Guan, Li-Hua, O'Shea, Jonathan, Bisbe, Anna, Charisse, Klaus, Zlatev, Ivan, Najarian, Diana, Xu, Yuanxin, Kim, Jaeah, El Zahar, Noha M, Bartlett, Michael G, Katyayan, Kishore, Yi, Ping, Monk, Scott, Cassidy, Kenneth, Takahashi, Ryan H, Grandner, Jessica M, Bobba, Sudheer, Liu, Yanzhou, Beroza, Paul, Zhang, Donglu, Ma, Shuguang, Post, Noah, Yu, Rosie, Greenlee, Sarah, Gaus, Hans, Hurh, Eunju, Matson, John, Wang, Yanfeng, Tajima, Yuya, Toyoda, Takeshi, Hirayama, Yuichiro, Matsushita, Kohei, Yamada, Takanori, Ogawa, Kumiko, Watanabe, Kenji, Takamura-Enya, Takeji, Totsuka, Yukari, Wakabayashi, Keiji, Miyoshi, Noriyuki, Zhang, Jiayin, Chan, Chi-Kong, Ham, Yat-Hing, Chan, Wan, Schleiff, Mary Alexandra, Flynn, Noah R, Payakachat, Sasin, Schleiff, Benjamin Mark, Pinson, Anna O, Province, Dennis W, Swamidass, S Joshua, Boysen, Gunnar, Nardone-White, Dasean T, Bissada, Jennifer E, Abouda, Arsany A, Zhang, Zhuming, Connolly, Peter J, Lim, Heng Keang, Pande, Vineet, Meerpoel, Lieven, Teleha, Christopher, Branch, Jonathan R, Ondrus, Janine, Hickson, Ian, Bush, Tammy, Luistro, Leopoldo, Packman, Kathryn, Bischoff, James R, Ibrahim, Salam, Parrett, Christopher, Chong, Yolanda, Gottardis, Marco M, Bignan, Gilles, Mulder, Teresa, Bobba, Sudder, Johnson, Kevin M, Wang, Wei, Zhang, Chenghong, Cai, Jingwei, Choo, Edna F, Crawford, James J, Landry, Matthew L, Chen, Huifen, Kenny, Jane R, Lee, Wendy, Young, Wendy B, Geib, Timon, Thulasingam, Madhuranayaki, Haeggstrom, Jesper Z, Sleno, Lekha, Monroe, James J, Tanis, Keith Q, Podtelezhnikov, Alexei A, Nguyen, Truyen, Machotka, Sam V, Lynch, Donna, Evers, Raymond, Palamanda, Jairam, Miller, Randy R, Pippert, Todd, Cabalu, Tamara D, Johnson, Timothy E, Aslamkhan, Amy G, Kang, Wen, Tamburino, Alex M, Mitra, Kaushik, Agrawal, Nancy GB, and Sistare, Frank D

Subjects
METABOLISM, Toxicology, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, 03 medical and health sciences, nonp450 enzymes, 0302 clinical medicine, p450 enzymes, Biotransformation, INTRINSIC CLEARANCE, Political science, MASS-BALANCE, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Pharmacology & Pharmacy, P450 Enzymes, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDE, Toxicologie, VLAG, ARISTOLOCHIC ACID, Drug metabolism, Science & Technology, WIMEK, bioactivation, IDENTIFICATION, Year in review, IN-VITRO, NONHEPATOTOXIC DRUGS, Drug metabolizing enzymes, Drug development, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, COVALENT BINDING DATA, Engineering ethics, biotransformation, LIVER-MICROSOMES, Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Abstract

This annual review is the sixth of its kind since 2016 (see references). Our objective is to explore and share articles which we deem influential and significant in the field of biotransformation and bioactivation. These fields are constantly evolving with new molecular structures and discoveries of corresponding pathways for metabolism that impact relevant drug development with respect to efficacy and safety. Based on the selected articles, we created three sections: (1) drug design, (2) metabolites and drug metabolizing enzymes, and (3) bioactivation and safety (Table 1). Unlike in years past, more biotransformation experts have joined and contributed to this effort while striving to maintain a balance of authors from academic and industry settings.[Table: see text]. ispartof: DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS vol:53 issue:3 pages:384-433 ispartof: location:England status: published

Published
2021

9. Multi-auction Approach for Solving Task Allocation Problem

Author

Chan, Chi-Kong, Leung, Ho-Fung, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Goebel, Randy, editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, editor, Lukose, Dickson, editor, and Shi, Zhongzhi, editor

Published
2009
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10. Belief-Based Stability in Non-transferable Utility Coalition Formation

Author

Chan, Chi-Kong, Leung, Ho-Fung, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Goebel, Randy, editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, editor, Ghose, Aditya, editor, Governatori, Guido, editor, and Sadananda, Ramakoti, editor

Published
2009
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11. On Improved Least Flexibility First Heuristics Superior for Packing and Stock Cutting Problems

Author

Wu, Yu-Liang, Chan, Chi-Kong, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Lupanov, Oleg B., editor, Kasim-Zade, Oktay M., editor, Chaskin, Alexander V., editor, and Steinhöfel, Kathleen, editor

Published
2005
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35. Analysis of aristolochic acids in Houttuynia cordata by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

Author

Chan, Chi‐Kong, Pan, Guanrui, and Chan, Wan

Subjects
*LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry, *ARISTOLOCHIC acid, *ACID analysis
Abstract

Houttuynia cordata (H. cordata) is a popular vegetable in Asian countries and is also used extensively as herbal medicine in treating various diseases. H. cordata contains aristolactams, which have a similar Chinese name as aristolochic acids (AAs); hence, an emerging concern in the greater China region has arisen about the potential linkage between H. cordata and aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). However, only a single study has tested for the presence of AAs in H. cordata samples, and the analysis was limited by the analytical sensitivity of the method. Thus, further analysis of AAs in H. cordata using analytical method of higher sensitivity is needed to alleviate public anxiety over the use of this popular vegetable. In this study, a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was used to analyze H. cordata samples for the natural existence of aristolochic acid I (AA‐I) and aristolochic acid II (AA‐II), which are the most carcinogenic and nephrotoxic compounds in the AA family. After evaluating the method performance by fortifying blank samples with three concentrations of AAs, the validated method was applied to identify AA‐I and AA‐II in both fresh and sun‐dried H. cordata samples (n = 20) collected from different cities in China. The LC–MS/MS method achieved method detection limits (MDLs) as low as 2 ng/g of AAs in H. cordata. Analysis of the collected fresh and sun‐dried H. cordata samples revealed that AA‐I and AA‐II either do not exist naturally in H. cordata or exist at concentrations below the MDLs. Therefore, it is not very likely that consumption of H. cordata will result in AAN because AA‐I and AA‐II, the nephrotoxic and carcinogenic culprits of AAN, are not produced naturally in the plant or are produced at levels that do not pose a risk of AAN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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40. Aristolochic Acids as Persistent Soil Pollutants: Determination of Risk for Human Exposure and Nephropathy from Plant Uptake

Author

Li, Weiwei, primary, Chan, Chi-Kong, additional, Liu, Yushuo, additional, Yao, Jing, additional, Mitić, Branka, additional, Kostić, Emina N., additional, Milosavljević, Biljana, additional, Davinić, Ivana, additional, Orem, William H., additional, Tatu, Calin A., additional, Dedon, Peter C., additional, Pavlović, Nikola M., additional, and Chan, Wan, additional

Published
2018
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44. Occurrence and Environmental Stability of Aristolochic Acids in Groundwater Collected from Serbia: Links to Human Exposure and Balkan Endemic Nephropathy

Author

Tung, Ka-Ki, Chan, Chi-Kong, Zhao, Yao, Chan, Kwan-Kit Jason, Liu, Guorui, Pavlović, Nikola M., and Chan, Wan

Abstract

Aristolochic acids (AAs) have been known as potent nephrotoxins since the use of AA-containing herbal medicines was linked with a series of sporadic renal fibrotic nephropathy cases, and yet an estimated 100 million people worldwide are still at risk today because of continued use of similar medicines. However, a similar nephropathic condition is endemic in the rural Balkan regions (e.g., Serbian farming villages) and AAs were again found to be the causative agents. In the case of this Balkan endemic nephropathy, AAs were found to have originated from a widespread local weed Aristolochia clematitisL. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that AAs released from decomposition of A. clematitiswere also being leached into groundwater, thus polluting the drinking water of local residents. We initiated the study by developing a dispersive solid-phase extraction-based sample preparation method for water samples suspected of AA contamination. The validated method was then coupled with a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method to measure AAs in groundwater samples collected from Serbia. Our study revealed for the first time that groundwater in Serbia is extensively contaminated with AA-I, at ng/L levels. Results also showed that AAs are long-lived water contaminants, with no observable concentration changes over a 2-month period of sample storage.

Published
2020
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45. Development of a novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for aristolochic acids detection: Application in food and agricultural soil analyses.

Author

Chan, Chi-Kong, Pavlović, Nikola M., and Chan, Wan

Subjects
*ARISTOLOCHIC acid, *SOIL testing, *LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry, *FOOD contamination, *RENAL fibrosis
Abstract

Highlights • Nephrotoxic aristolochic acids (AA) contaminated food and soil of Balkans. • Chronic exposure to AA via AA-tainted food resulted in renal fibrosis and cancer. • A new LC–MS/MS method was developed for analysis of AAs in food and soil samples. • Zn/H+ treatment dramatically increase analytical sensitivity of AA in LC–MS/MS. • The method detects for the first time AA in supermarket flour samples in Balkan area. Abstract Prolonged dietary exposure to AA-contaminated food crops cultivated in contaminated farmland was shown to be one of the main culprits of Balkan endemic nephropathy. Ultra-sensitive methods for the detection of AA at trace levels are important for surveillance purposes. We report the development of a novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for AA-detection. One striking feature of the method is that the Zn/H+-induced nitroreduction convert AA into their respective aristolactams, which dramatically enhances their analytical sensitivity. The method was applied to quantitate AA in food grains and soil samples collected from farming villages of Serbia, and flour samples purchased from supermarkets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of detecting AA in food ingredients available in supermarkets, which is alarming because it reveals AA poses insidious threats not only to residents of rural farming villages, but also to people residing in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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48. Mapping XML Schema to Relations Using Genetic Algorithm

Author

Stephen C. F. Chan, Vincent To Yee Ng, and Chan Chi Kong

Subjects
Theoretical computer science, Computer science, Relational database, Semi-structured model, Database schema, XML validation, computer.software_genre, Information schema, Relational database management system, Relational model, Conjunctive query, XML schema, Data mining, computer, Database model, computer.programming_language
Abstract

As web-applications grow in number and complexity, there is a need for efficient mappings from XML schemas to the flat relational tables so that existing functions in relational database systems can be utilized. However, many of the existing mapping methods, such as the model-based or the structure-based methods, do not exploit query history for better query performance. In this paper, we propose the use of genetic algorithm (GA) in a cost-based approach for converting a XML schema to relational tables. By formulating the mapping problem as a cost optimization task with respect to a set of weighted frequent queries, we can obtain an efficient mapping that minimizes the queries execution time. In our experiments, we show that the mapping obtained by GA is superior to other non-cost-based approaches. In particular, the GA approach has out-performed the greedy heuristic in the browsing queries where the accessed attributes are many and scattered.

Published
2004

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