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Purpose To evaluate glaucoma prevalence and disease burden across Asian subregions from 2013 to 2040. Methods We conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis of 23 population-based studies of 1318 primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) cases in 66 800 individuals and 691 primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) cases in 72 767 individuals in Asia. Regions in Asia were defined based on United Nations' (UN) classification of macro-geographic regions. PubMed, Medline and Web of Science databases were searched for population-based glaucoma prevalence studies using standardised criteria published to 31 December 2013. Pooled glaucoma prevalence for individuals aged 40-80 years was calculated using hierarchical Bayesian approaches. Prevalence differences by geographic subregion, subtype and habitation were examined with random effects meta-regression models. Estimates of individuals with glaucoma from 2013 to 2040 were based on the UN World Population Prospects. Results In 2013, pooled overall glaucoma prevalence was 3.54% (95% credible interval (CrI) 1.83 to 6.28). POAG (2.34%, 95% CrI 0.96 to 4.55) predominated over PACG (0.73%, 95% CrI 0.18 to 1.96). With age and gender adjustment, PACG prevalence was higher in East than South East Asia (OR 5.55, 95% CrI 1.52 to 14.73), and POAG prevalence was higher in urban than rural populations (OR 2.11, 95% CrI 1.57 to 2.38). From 2013 to 2040, South Central Asia will record the steepest increase in number of glaucoma individuals from 17.06 million to 32.90 million compared with other Asian subregions. In 2040, South-Central Asia is also projected to overtake East Asia for highest overall glaucoma and POAG burden, while PACG burden remains highest in East Asia. Conclusions Across the Asian subregions, there was greater glaucoma burden in South-Central and East Asia. Sustainable public health strategies to combat glaucoma in Asia are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article evaluates a case wherein a 48-year-old Chinese woman is presented with a history of redness, blurred vision in both eye and had a headache and hearing loss in both ears. It analyses the occurrence of uveomeningeal syndrome in the patient due to her clinical features of lymphocytic meningitis and anterior and posterior uveitis. Also, the use of uveitis, which usually refers to inflammation of uveal tract, in describing retinal inflammation is explored.

Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumors (EBV-SMT) are rare lesions that occur in immunocompromised patients. Because they have not been fully characterized pathologically or at the molecular level, we have studied 29 tumors from 19 patients, the largest series to date. Cases coded as EBV-SMT were identified in 19 patients from consultation files and from the renal transplant database at Singapore General Hospital. EBV-SMT occurred in adults (mean age 39 years; range, 21-57 years) and predominantly affected males (12 male, 7 female). Causes of immunocompromise were renal transplantation (10), AIDS (8), and steroid therapy (1). Tumors were located in soft tissue (5), lung (5), liver (4), and miscellaneous sites (15). In 13 patients (68%), the tumors were multiple. Infection with EBV was confirmed in all cases by in situ hybridization for EBV early RNAs (EBER). EBV-SMT were typically well-differentiated smooth muscle tumors with little atypia and usually a low level of mitotic activity. Unlike classic leiomyosarcomas, they lacked significant pleomorphism but frequently displayed primitive round cell areas and prominent intratumoral T lymphocytes. No consistent relationship between histologic features and clinical outcome was noted. All expressed actin (29 of 29) and less frequently desmin (14 of 26). Multiple tumors in a given patient were clonally distinct as assessed by the long terminal repeat region of the virus, supporting the view that multifocal tumors arise from multiple infection events rather than from metastasis. Strain typing by analysis of the EBNA-3C gene confirmed the presence of EBV type 2. Two of four tumors assessed were positive for a 30-bp deletion in the LMP1 gene. EBV copy number per cell ranged greatly between patients and between tumors from the same patient. Follow-up information was available in 18 of 19 patients (mean, 25 months; range, 1-105 months). Fifteen patients were alive: 11 with disease and 4 without. Three patients died, 1 due to disease. We conclude that EBV-SMT are histologically distinct from classic soft tissue smooth muscle tumors, are not readily evaluated by means of conventional histologic criteria, and in the case of multifocal tumors are the result of multiple infection events rather than metastasis. EBV-2 can transform smooth muscle cells, independent of the presence of the LMP1 deletion associated with greater virulence.