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BackgroundWeb-based time-use diaries for schoolchildren are limited, and existing studies focus mostly on capturing physical activities and sedentary behaviors but less comprehensively on dietary behaviors. ObjectiveThis study aims to describe the development of My E-Diary for Activities and Lifestyle (MEDAL)—a self-administered, web-based time-use application to assess diet and movement behavior—and to evaluate its usability in schoolchildren in Singapore. MethodsMEDAL was developed through formative research and an iterative user-centric design approach involving small groups of schoolchildren (ranging from n=5 to n=15, aged 7-13 years). To test the usability, children aged 10-11 years were recruited from 2 primary schools in Singapore to complete MEDAL for 2 weekdays and 2 weekend days and complete a 10-item usability questionnaire. ResultsThe development process revealed that younger children (aged

Abstract: Managing the COVID-19 pandemic involved implementing public health policies that disrupted students’ lives, creating conditions that substantially influenced their mental health and well-being. Subsequently, research focused on the mental health sequelae of increased depression and anxiety, but the possible impacts on adolescents’ social well-being have been largely unexamined. Social well-being is essential to youth’s overall mental health and can be diminished even without symptoms of depression and anxiety. This report explored heterogeneities in changes in adolescents’ social well-being from pre-COVID-19 to post-restrictions using longitudinal data from adolescents attending middle and high schools in California (N = 1,299; 49.9% female). Data collection involved four observations. Participants completed a school-based mental health wellness survey annually from 2019 to 2022. A latent profile analysis identified five profiles demonstrating distinctive social well-being trajectories. Two ordered profiles included Stable-High (28%) and Stable-Low (26%) patterns. Three groups represented nonordered profiles labeled as Succumbing (20%), Languishing (14%), and Recovering (12%). Pervasive decreases in social well-being were observed, and a significant portion of the adolescents did not recover to their pre-COVID-19 level by 2022. Adolescents in the Stable-High and Recovering profiles showed better psychological well-being, optimism, and school connectedness and less distress than their counterparts in the other three profiles. Mental health professionals should be aware of the pandemic’s effects on adolescents’ social well-being. Lower levels of social well-being may be a risk factor for adolescents developing generally jaded attitudes about their social networks and diminishing their potential engagement with sources of social support.

Online romance fraud is a crime carried out largely using language, as the victim and scammer typically do not meet in person in their entire interaction. As a language-enabled crime, a linguistic analysis of scam communication can shed light on how language is used to attract victims and influence their thoughts and actions. This study examined the first stage in the online scam strategy, that is, the putting up of a dating profile (user biography) on online dating service websites. The analysis employs the judgement evaluation framework of appraisal theory to examine the extent to which scammer profiles differ from a set of general user profiles in terms of their use of social approval as a linguistic strategy to attract a more compliant victim type. Findings from the study can help in raising public awareness about how linguistic resources are employed in luring potential victims in scammer dating profiles.

Measures of positive well-being are needed to support the shift away from a deficit-based approach to mental health. This study examined one measure, the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF), as a measure of positive well-being used in school-based mental health monitoring efforts. This study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to explore the mental health classifications of 10,880 California high school students' responses to MHC-SF emotional, psychological, and social well-being items. Five latent mental wellness profiles emerged, including two ordered profiles (i.e., High Well-Being and Low Well-Being) and three profiles spanning the two ordered profiles. The High Well-Being profile had the most favorable psychological adjustment, and the three moderate well-being range profiles had differentiated functioning. Informing the utility of the MHC-SF, this study also compared the MHC-SF categorical diagnostic criteria with the LPA's empirical classification approach and found the two classification approaches to be congruent. The findings provide an impetus for educators to attend to students in moderate well-being ranges and emphasize promoting positive mental well-being as an essential component of school-based mental health services.

Measures of positive well-being are needed to support the shift away from a deficit-based approach to mental health. This study examined one measure, the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF), as a measure of positive well-being used in school-based mental health monitoring efforts. This study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to explore the mental health classifications of 10,880 California high school students' responses to MHC-SF emotional, psychological, and social well-being items. Five latent mental wellness profiles emerged, including two ordered profiles (i.e., High Well-Being and Low Well-Being) and three profiles spanning the two ordered profiles. The High Well-Being profile had the most favorable psychological adjustment, and the three moderate well-being range profiles had differentiated functioning. Informing the utility of the MHC-SF, this study also compared the MHC-SF categorical diagnostic criteria with the LPA's empirical classification approach and found the two classification approaches to be congruent. The findings provide an impetus for educators to attend to students in moderate well-being ranges and emphasize promoting positive mental well-being as an essential component of school-based mental health services.

Guided by the social-ecological model, the present study used hierarchical linear modeling to examine the multilevel associations between teacher victimization (TV), teacher burnout, and school climate. Participants were 1,711 teachers from 58 middle and high schools in mainland China. Using hierarchical linear modeling, the study found that upon controlling for teacher and school demographic factors, TV at the individual level had a significant and positive association with all three dimensions of teacher burnout (i.e., emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment). School climate at the teacher level, but not at the school level, was negatively associated with all three types of burnout. Moreover, school climate at the school level, but not at the teacher level, significantly moderated the association between TV and two dimensions of teacher burnout (i.e., depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment). More specifically, a positive school-level climate buffered the positive association between TV and depersonalization but magnified the positive association between TV and reduced personal accomplishment. The current findings highlight the importance of reducing teacher victimization and promoting a positive school climate for preventing teacher burnout and teacher retention. It also indicates that teacher's adjustment in responding to teacher-targeted violence varies depending on school climate context and across the different dimensions of teacher burnout.

As frontline education providers, teachers have encountered many challenges since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. To better understand teacher well-being during this crisis and inform practices to support them, this study employed an online survey with a mixed-methods approach to assess teacher well-being and the support they need to work effectively. A sample of 151 elementary school teachers in the United States was recruited in summer 2020 to complete an online survey through emails and social media outlets. Participants were asked to provide retrospective reports of their experiences teaching in spring 2020 after schools closed due to COVID-19. The majority of participants reported feeling emotionally exhausted and high levels of task stress and job ambiguity. Consistent with hypotheses, path analysis testing a model informed by the job demand--resources framework indicated that task stress and job ambiguity were robustly related to teacher well-being. Moreover, three job resources (i.e., teaching efficacy, school connectedness, and teaching autonomy) were related to job satisfaction. A moderation finding revealed that teachers who reported high teaching efficacy felt emotionally exhausted when they were unclear of their job duties. Thematic analysis of responses to an open-ended question found that teachers would feel supported if provided resources to develop competence in distance learning, workplace emotional support, and flexibility during COVID-19. The findings identified a critical need to allocate more attention and resources to support teacher psychological health by strengthening emotional support, autonomy, and teaching efficacy.

Although the importance of social and emotional learning (SEL) competencies in bullying prevention has received increased recognition, limited research has examined youth's cyberbullying victimization (CBV) experiences through a school-wide SEL perspective. Guided by the school-wide SEL framework and the social-ecological model, this study examined the associations between students' perception of four core SEL competencies (i.e., responsible decision-making, social awareness, self-management, and relationship skills), school climate, and their CBV experience. It also examined the multilevel moderating effects of students' school climate perception, gender, and grade levels on the association between SEL competencies and CBV. Participants were 15,227 students (6th-12th graders) from 39 schools in Delaware. Using hierarchical linear modeling while controlling for demographic factors and school climate at both student and school levels, we found that CBV was negatively associated with responsible decision-making and self-management, and positively associated with social awareness. The negative association between self-management and CBV was intensified with a more positive student-level school climate, whereas the negative association between responsible decision-making and CBV was mitigated by the school-level climate. The association of CBV and self-management was stronger among female than male students; the strength of CBV and responsible decision-making was also stronger among high school students than middle school students. The findings highlight the differentiated associations between four core SEL competencies and students' CBV; they also indicate the importance of assessing and monitoring school climate and developing cyberbullying prevention programs with an SEL focus that is responsive to students of different genders and grade levels.

Abstract Background Over the next decade, the number of osteoarthritis consultations in health care is expected to increase. Physiotherapists may be considered equally qualified as primary assessors as physicians for patients with knee osteoarthritis. However, economic evaluations of this model of care have not yet been described. To determine whether physiotherapists as primary assessors for patients with suspected knee osteoarthritis in primary care are a cost-effective alternative compared with traditional physician-led care, we conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a randomized controlled pragmatic trial. Methods Patients were randomized to be assessed and treated by either a physiotherapist or physician first in primary care. A cost-effectiveness analysis compared costs and effects in quality adjusted life years (QALY) for the different care models. Analyses were applied with intention to treat, using complete case dataset, and missing data approaches included last observation carried forward and multiple imputation. Non-parametric bootstrapping was conducted to assess sampling uncertainty, presented with a cost-effectiveness plane and cost-effectiveness acceptability curve. Results 69 patients were randomized to a physiotherapist (n = 35) or physician first (n = 34). There were significantly higher costs for physician visits and radiography in the physician group (p

We report the synthesis of alkynylgold(iii) complexes with an electron-transporting phosphine oxide moiety in the tridentate ligand and hole-transporting triarylamine moieties as auxiliary ligands to generate a new class of phosphine oxide-containing bipolar gold(iii) complexes for the first time. Such gold(iii) complexes feature high photoluminescence quantum yields of over 70% in 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene thin films with relatively short excited-state lifetimes of less than 3.9 μs at a 20 wt% dopant concentration. Highly efficient solution-processable organic light-emitting devices have been prepared with superior current efficiencies of up to 51.6 cd A-1 and external quantum efficiencies of up to 15.3%. Notably, triplet-triplet annihilation has been significantly reduced, as exemplified by a very small efficiency roll-off of ∼1% at a practical brightness of 500 cd m-2.

BackgroundThis systematic review aimed to assess the certainty of evidence for digital versus conventional, face-to-face physiotherapy assessment of musculoskeletal disorders, concerning validity, reliability, feasibility, patient satisfaction, physiotherapist satisfaction, adverse events, clinical management, and cost-effectiveness.MethodsEligibility criteria: Original studies comparing digital physiotherapy assessment with face-to-face physiotherapy assessment of musculoskeletal disorders. Systematic database searches were performed in May 2021, and updated in May 2022, in Medline, Cochrane Library, Cinahl, AMED, and PEDro. Risk of bias and applicability of the included studies were appraised using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool and the Quality Appraisal of Reliability Studies tool. Included studies were synthesised narratively. Certainty of evidence was evaluated for each assessment component using GRADE.ResultsTen repeated-measures studies were included, involving 193 participants aged 23-62 years. Reported validity of digital physiotherapy assessment ranged from moderate/acceptable to almost perfect/excellent for clinical tests, range of motion, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), pain, neck posture, and management decisions. Reported validity for assessing spinal posture varied and was for clinical observations unacceptably low. Reported validity and reliability for digital diagnosis ranged from moderate to almost perfect for exact+similar agreement, but was considerably lower when constrained to exact agreement. Reported reliability was excellent for digital assessment of clinical tests, range of motion, pain, neck posture, and PROMs. Certainty of evidence varied from very low to high, with PROMs and pain assessment obtaining the highest certainty. Patients were satisfied with their digital assessment, but did not perceive it as good as face-to-face assessment.DiscussionEvidence ranging from very low to high certainty suggests that validity and reliability of digital physiotherapy assessments are acceptable to excellent for several assessment components. Digital physiotherapy assessment may be a viable alternative to face-to-face assessment for patients who are likely to benefit from the accessibility and convenience of remote access.Trial registrationThe review was registered in the PROSPERO database, CRD42021277624.

Scoliosis, characterized by spine deformity, is most common in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Manual Cobb angle measurement limitations underscore the need for automated tools. This study employed a vertebral landmark extraction method and Feedforward Neural Network (FNN) to predict scoliosis progression in 79 AIS patients. The novel intervertebral angles matrix format showcased results. The mean absolute error for the intervertebral angle progression was 1.5 degrees, while the Pearson correlation of the predicted Cobb angles was 0.86. The accuracy in classifying Cobb angles (<15°, 15–25°, 25–35°, 35–45°, >45°) was 0.85, with 0.65 sensitivity and 0.91 specificity. The FNN demonstrated superior accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, aiding in tailored treatments for potential scoliosis progression. Addressing FNNs' over-fitting issue through strategies like "dropout" or regularization could further enhance their performance. This study presents a promising step towards automated scoliosis diagnosis and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Asthma is the leading source of unscheduled hospitalisation in Australian children, with a high burden placed upon children, their parents/families, and the healthcare system. In Australia, there are widening disparities in paediatric asthma care including inequitable access to comprehensive ongoing and planned asthma care for children. Methods: The Asthma Care from Home Project is a comprehensive virtually enabled asthma model of care that aims to a. supports families, communities and healthcare providers, b. flexible and locally acceptable, and c. allow for adoption of innovations such as digital technologies so that asthma care can be provided "from home", reduce potentially preventable asthma hospitalisation, and ensure satisfaction at a patient, family, and healthcare provider level. The model of care includes standardisation of discharge care through provision of an asthma discharge resource pack containing individual asthma action plan, follow-up letters for the child's general practitioner (GP) and school/child care, and access to online asthma educational sessions and resource; post-discharge care coordination through text message reminders for families for regular GP review, email correspondence with their child's GP and school/childcare; and virtual home visits to discuss home environmental triggers, provide personalised asthma education and respond to parental concerns relating to their child's asthma. This study is comprised of three components: 1) a quasi-experimental pre/post impact evaluation assessing the impact of the model on healthcare utilisation and asthma control measures; 2) a mixed-methods implementation evaluation to understand how and why our intervention was effective or ineffective in producing systems change; 3) an economic evaluation to assess the cost-effectiveness of the proposed model of care from a family and health services perspective. Discussion: This study aims to improve access to asthma care for children in rural and remote areas. Implementation evaluation and economic evaluation will provide insights into the sustainability and scalability of the asthma model of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fast food restaurants are important for both residents and tourists in Macau because they serve as a common cultural and organizational entity. The objective of this study is to identify the attributes, consequences, and value of fast food consumption among tourists and residents in Macau and to compare hierarchical value maps between the two different groups. Data were collected in fast food restaurants in Macau. A hard laddering method was utilized based on Means-end chain theory, in order to identify how attributes of fast food are connected to consumers' final values. The findings indicate that good taste, brand reputation, and restaurant ambience are important attributes shared among tourists and residents. While brand familiarity and the lack of a language barrier were more important attributes to tourists, reasonable prices were the most important attribute that residents appreciated. This study provides useful insights that will enable fast food operators to develop and efficiently communicate their value propositions to their target customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the linguistic resources employed in the discursive reproduction and normalisation of national unity, as constructed by the private sponsors of newspaper congratulatory announcements (NCAs) in Nigeria during the period between 2011 and 2016. The analysis is focused on how the processes of lexicalisation and metaphorisation were utilised in realising such discursive purposes. The study is theoretically informed bysystemic functional grammar (SFG) and theory of conceptual metaphors. The analysis includes linguistic analysis and qualitative content analysis (QCA) in identifying the lexical items as well as the figures of speech used in the NCAs. Findings from the analysis revealed that positively charged lexical items have been employed by the non-state sponsors of the NCAs in an attempt to recontextualise and normalise the unity discourse in the Nigerian context, which goes against the status quo and the lived experiences of the masses. Moreover, the problem of unity is also metaphorised, naturalised and reproduced in the NCAs in another attempt to transform and manipulate people's thoughts and practices through such a metaphorical construction of unity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 crisis and the subsequent social distancing measures have imposed numerous challenges on school psychologists balancing public health and students' right to a free and appropriate education. This article addresses one of the most contentious issues for school psychologists during the pandemic: how to ethically conduct valid psychoeducational assessments without placing anyone's health at risk. Legal guidance and regulations pertaining to special education evaluations during the pandemic are first delineated, followed by a discussion of the feasibility of tele-assessment from ethical, legal, and implementational perspectives. Lastly, based on the epidemiological knowledge of COVID-19 transmission and practices implemented in other countries, a protocol for special education assessment is introduced that aims at assisting school psychologists to conduct necessary assessments in face of the ongoing pandemic.

We report the synthesis of alkynylgold(iii) complexes with an electron-transporting phosphine oxide moiety in the tridentate ligand and hole-transporting triarylamine moieties as auxiliary ligands to generate a new class of phosphine oxide-containing bipolar gold(iii) complexes for the first time. Such gold(iii) complexes feature high photoluminescence quantum yields of over 70% in 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene thin films with relatively short excited-state lifetimes of less than 3.9 μs at a 20 wt% dopant concentration. Highly efficient solution-processable organic light-emitting devices have been prepared with superior current efficiencies of up to 51.6 cd A-1 and external quantum efficiencies of up to 15.3%. Notably, triplet-triplet annihilation has been significantly reduced, as exemplified by a very small efficiency roll-off of ∼1% at a practical brightness of 500 cd m-2.