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In China, the correlation between environmental space and drug use by gay male sex workers remains an under-researched public health concern. Drugs are commonly used to enhance sexual performance as well as provide feelings of euphoria but they also increase the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV. The spatial and environmental factors that create synergies between drug consumption and sex work are explored through qualitative data obtained from 16 HIV-positive male sex workers. Alienation and instability are markers which encourage drug use in the sale of sex. The concept of necropolitics explains how environmental and spatial factors expose them to death conditions where they survive without help from the state and subsist only through the support of their own insular communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a strong adherence to liberalism, the labor market in Hong Kong is characterized by a low level of external regulation and an emphasis on self-adaptation as coping. The government mainly attend to the quality of manpower supplied meeting the market need, as well as peaceful industrial relations. Segmentation of labor is a natural result of this lowly regulated liberal market. Benefited from a relatively stable economy, unemployment in the past two decades mainly contained, but dualisation observed with widening income gap, as well as an emerging sector of insecure labor. The recent COVID-19 pandemic is leading to a sudden and unexpected economic crisis. Though with more ad hoc measures, cautious in regulating the labor market maintained. While we are waiting for further government initiatives, the ending of the employment subsidy from December will certainly worsen the situation. Further dualisation will be the result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between school-based global learning education (GLE), knowledge, family income, and global competence, which consists of global perspective and intercultural literacy. Based on a survey of 599 high school students in Shenzhen, it finds that school-based GLE has direct positive effects on intercultural literacy. Although GLE does not have a direct impact on global perspective, it can influence global perspective through knowledge. When family income is taken into consideration, school-based GLE has no impact on the knowledge of students from low-income families, and their knowledge has no effect on their intercultural literacy. In contrast, family income has a negative impact on the knowledge of students from high-income families, and their knowledge has a positive effect on their intercultural literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Respect for the elderly and hence the associated rights support a generational contract. Nevertheless, the case of the recent debate on the universal retirement scheme in Hong Kong has raised concerns about its strength. We identify relevant items from the sixth wave of the World Values Survey to explore the orientations of different generations toward others. The analysis shows differences between younger and older generations. Regression analyses show that values are not significant in explaining the differences, but various positions, including sex, marital status, and education, and perceptions of the elderly are relevant. Such differences across generations might weaken the generational contract and potentially engender conflicts as shown in the recent debate about the retirement scheme. We suggest short‐ and long‐term interest calculations, informed by their positions, play a more significant role in policy discussions and decisions, rather than simply appealing to values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article compares features of the redistributive, developmental and productivist models of social policy. Using East Asian welfare systems as examples, it illustrates the application of the productivist and developmental models, and describes the contextual factors influencing these models. It argues that each model is an outgrowth of a particular social, economic and political context. When the context changes, the choice of model will also change, as shown in the recent development of redistributive policies in the East Asian region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Japanese gender roles are usually constructed according to tradition, and men are assumed to possess a traditional masculine identity. This article examines the aspects of gender role identity and the socio-demographic factors that predict help-seeking attitudes among Japanese men. Data on 265 Japanese males were measured using the GRCS and ATSPPH-S scales. Findings: In general, the participants showed a moderate level adherence to traditional gender roles. They were sceptical about the efficacy of professional help and did not actively seek or welcome professional assistance. The findings support the argument that men's orientation towards success, power and competition, and their restricted emotionality have a significant impact on their likelihood to seek professional help. Application: The implications of these findings on psychological and counselling practices in Japanese society are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The family is the most fundamental unit of society in Hong Kong and the core element of welfare arrangements. Nevertheless, the family system has been challenged by various social forces. Using the concepts of 'risk' and 'individualization' proposed by Beck and Beck-Gernsheim, this paper examines how family structures and values have become more uncertain, flexible and unconventional. Effective family policy requires a realistic understanding of the boundaries of the state's intervention in an increasingly individualized and reflexively modern society. The paper advocates a cautious but open-minded approach to family intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]