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Abstract Soil wearing away or erosion is a chief agent of land loss in agricultural land and is regarded worldwide as a serious environmental hazard. This study performed watershed prioritization using morphometric parameters based on fuzzy best worse method (F-BWM) and GIS integration for Gusru Watershed, India. This study prioritizes sub-watersheds of the study area from viewpoint of soil erosion using five major parameters i.e., stream frequency (F s), relative relief (R r), length of overland flow (L o), relief ratio (R h) and drainage density (D d). Fuzzy based Best Worse Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (F-BWM) Method was used to assigning weights to used criteria and combining them to achieve erosion susceptibility for each sub-watershed. Results showed that sub-watersheds 9, 14, and 5 were most susceptible to soil erosion and sub-watershed 3 was the least from the viewpoint of soil erosion ranking.

Groundwater is an important source for drinking water supply in Jabalpur District, Madhya Pradesh, India. An attempt has been made in this work to understand the suitability of groundwater for human consumption. The parameters of pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Sulphate (SO4), Iron (Fe), Nitrate (NO3), Chloride (Cl), Total Hardness (TH), Total Alkalinity (TA), and Sodium (Na) were analyzed to estimate the groundwater quality. The water quality index (WQI) has been applied to categorize the water quality, which is quite useful to infer the quality of water for the people and policy makers in the concerned area. The WQI in the study area ranges from 17.90 to 176.88. According to the WQI rating, sites 1, 3, and 4 are not appropriate for drinking water or have low water quality and site 2 has moderate drinking condition, whereas site 5 has excellent drinking condition. The current study suggests that the groundwater of the area with deteriorated water quality needs treatment before consumption. HIGHLIGHTS WQI values in sites 1, 3 and 4 are 106.99, 176.88, 161.25, showing that the groundwater is not suitable for drinking purposes.; WQI value in site 5 is 17.90, showing that water is fit for drinking purposes.; Principal component analysis reveals that four parameters are responsible for the high values of WQI.; The outcome of the study will be helpful in formulating effective drinking water management measures for residents in the Jabalpur region, India.;

Abstract Soil erosion is common and has a wide range of spatiotemporal variability. It is crucial in determining sediment output, which is essential for proper watershed management. In this research, we propose morphometric deterministic models (MDM) for prediction of sediment yield index using morphometric parameters of 49 watersheds from Upper Narmada Basin of Madhya Pradesh state, India. For this purpose, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission generated Digital Elevation Model was used to extract and analyze 12 morphometric parameters including linear, aerial, and relief parameters. Principle Component Analysis has been applied for the most effective parameter estimation. The linear and nonlinear MDM were discovered to be suitable for the field of sediment research due to the high value of R 2 (over 70%). The sediment yield forecasting is critical for taking the appropriate management measures in the watershed to reduce the sediment load in the reservoir and extend the life of the structure.

During the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic, there is a sudden increase in number of cases mucormycosis infection in India. This communication by the Tropical Neurology subsection expert group of the Indian Academy of Neurology (IAN) describes the clinical and diagnostic features, treatment of the disease and gives recommendations about the ways forward.

In recent years, there has been a lot of research interest in analyzing chaotic constructions and their associated cryptographic structures. Compared with the essential combination of encryption and signature, the signcryption scheme has a more realistic solution for achieving message confidentiality and authentication simultaneously. However, the security of a signcryption scheme is questionable when deployed in modern safety-critical systems, especially as billions of sensitive user information is transmitted over open communication channels. In order to address this problem, a lightweight, provably secure certificateless technique that uses Fractional Chaotic Maps (FCM) for group-oriented signcryption (CGST) is proposed. The main feature of the CGST-FCM technique is that any group signcrypter may encrypt data/information with the group manager (GM) and have it sent to the verifier seamlessly. This implies the legitimacy of the signcrypted information/data is verifiable using the public conditions of the group, but they cannot link it to the conforming signcrypter. In this scenario, valid signcrypted information/data cannot be produced by the GM or any signcrypter in that category alone. However, the GM is allowed to reveal the identity of the signcrypter when there is a legal conflict to restrict repudiation of the signature. Generally, the CGST-FCM technique is protected from the indistinguishably chosen ciphertext attack (IND-CCA). Additionally, the computationally difficult Diffie-Hellman (DH) problems have been used to build unlinkability, untraceability, unforgeability, and robustness of the projected CGST-FCM scheme. Finally, the security investigation of the presented CGST-FCM technique shows appreciable consistency and high efficiency when applied in real-time security applications.

Introduction: The Internet of Things (IoT) comprises of various smart devices for the sharing of sensed data through online services. People will be directly contacted to check their health parameters and the reports will be collected centrally through smart devices. The requirement is protection of messages during the exchange of data between sender and receiver in order to tackle human malicious attacks. Various signature-based schemes are discussed in the literature to provide secure communication. Smart devices however require lightweight tasks by ensuring critical safety strengths. An important problem in the signature based method is that it incurs more computational expenses for signing and verification process in large numbers. Objectives: In this study, we introduced an efficient Short Signature Scheme (SSS) that uses Fractional Chaotic Map (FCM) for secure communication in IoT based smart devices, the security of which is closely related to a random oracle based on FCM assumption. Methods: In this study, we have designed new short signature scheme using FCM. The presented scheme consist of four sub-algorithm as follows: setup, key generation, signing and verification. We have used less rigorous operations based on the FCM to carry out signing and verification procedures, similar to human signing on valid documents and then verifying them as per witness. Results: The proposed SSS offers a better security assurance than currently established signature schemes. The key advantage of the SSS over the DSA schemes is that at the verification stage and signing period it takes less computation; it retains the degree of protection. The presented SSS takes less bandwidth for storage, communication, and computing resources; particularly applicable to wireless devices and smart cards. Conclusion: We concluded that the uses of fractional chaotic maps is more effective for secure communication in human-centered IoT to present a provably secure short signature technique.

Internet of Things (IoT) is made up of various smart devices for the exchange of sensed data through online services. Direct contact with people through smart devices to define parameters for healthcare and send them to a centralized repository. At the time of data exchange, messages need to be secure between a source (sender) and target (receiver) in order to confront human malicious attacks. Various signature-based schemes are presented in the literature to provide secure communication. Smart apps, however, require lightweight activities by maintaining critical security strengths. The key challenge in signature-based methods is more incurred computational expense for signing and checking process involving large numbers. In this article, a new lightweight provably secure partial discrete logarithm (DL) based subtree-based short signature with fuzzy user data sharing for human-centered IoT systems is introduced and it's security analysis is demonstrated on random oracle (RO) model. The presented scheme provides assurance of better security than other standing short-signature schemes. For low-storage, low-computation environments and low-bandwidth communication, the presented new provably secure and lightweight subtree-based short-signature scheme is needed. The results demonstrate the strength of proposed scheme, as opposed to existing works.

Background: Neurosyphilis (NS) is a rarely encountered scenario today. Manifestations are heterogeneous, and their characteristics have changed in the antibiotic era. A differential diagnosis of NS is not commonly thought of even with relevant clinical-radiological features, as it mimics many common neurological syndromes. Objectives: To study the manifestations of NS in the present era and the process of diagnosis. Method: The data of ten patients with NS was collected and analyzed. Their background data, clinical features, investigations, the process of reaching the diagnosis, management and outcomes were recorded. Observations and Results: The manifestations of NS in our cohort included six patients with cognitive decline/encephalopathy and one each with meningitis with cranial nerve palsies, cerebellar ataxia, myelitis and asymptomatic NS. The presence of Argyll Robertson pupil helped to clinch diagnosis in one patient. Treponemal tests were ordered in two patients only after alternative etiologies were looked at, to begin with, whereas in six patients treponemal test was requested as a part of standard workup for dementia/ataxia. Conclusions: NS dementia and behavior changes are mistaken for degenerative, vascular, nutritional causes, autoimmune encephalitis or prion disease. Meningitis has similarities with infective (tubercular), granulomatous (sarcoidosis, Wegener's), collagen vascular disease and neoplastic meningitis, and myelitis simulates demyelination or nutritional myelopathy (B12 deficiency). Rarely, NS can also present with cerebellar ataxia. Contemplate NS as one of the rare causes for such syndromes, and its early treatment produces good outcomes.

The fifth-generation (5G) wireless network is commercialized. The need to integrate massive devices in 5G and wireless sensor networks (WSN) to provide several convenient services for network users becomes imperative. However, there are growing concerns that 5G-WSNs pose new security threats to sensitive user information. User authentication and key agreement have been provided for secure end-to-end communication. However, stricter security techniques are required as billions of massive devices are being networked to collect and process complex user data in real-time. Therefore, anonymous authentication and authorization are highly coveted for privacy preservation and prevention of unlawful exploitation of user data. However, guaranteeing data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation require special-purpose identity-based signature techniques that are quite difficult to design in practice. In order to address this problem, this paper proposes a lightweight, provably secure identity-based online/offline signature technique (IBOOST) and its extension for massive devices in 5G-WSNs using fractional chaotic maps. The IBOOST scheme achieves multi-time use of offline storage at a lower processing time. Therefore, the signer can reuse the offline pre-stored information in a polynomial time. This makes our IBOOST superior to the existing online/offline signature techniques that allow only a single signature. Additionally, the new technique enables the pre-registration process with a secret key, and no secret key is required in the offline stage. Also, the proposed IBOOST proves to be secure in the random oracle unforgeability under the chosen message attack (UF-IBS-CMA). Finally, the IBOOST and its enhanced version (A-IBOOST) give the lowest computational costs compared to several contending techniques. Therefore, the proposed IBOOST shows superior security and performance with better computational overhead than the preliminary techniques.

In healthcare services, telecare medicine information systems (TMIS) is the viable solution offered currently. Moreover, to provide best security to the TMIS, it attracted the various researchers to investigate the security challenges in TMIS. Subsequently, the security of TMIS is improving but the application becoming widespread hence needs robust security technique. An efficient verifier-based 3-party authentication technique in telecare medicine information systems for data exchange, which permits only two users/patients to store their verifier in the database of an authentication server, computed using own password. The authentication system will then validate the user’s verifier and help them safely and easily share electronic medical records. In this work, we present an efficient provably secure verifier-based 3-party authentication technique using partial discrete logarithm (PDL) for exchanging data in TMIS. The presented technique not utilizing any public keys of the server, and does not require additional messages and number for key confirmation rounds. The proposed technique has higher security compared to the related verifier-based methods, has lower computational costs and fewer communications, and is therefore ideal for TMIS.

It is well known that there is a deep connection between the symmetric and traveling wave solutions. It has been shown that all symmetric waves are traveling waves. In this paper, we establish new analytic solution collections of nonlinear conformable time-fractional water wave dynamical equation in a complex domain. For this purpose, we construct a new definition of a symmetric conformable differential operator (SCDO). The operator has a symmetric representation in the open unit disk. By using SCDO, we generalize a class of water wave dynamical equation type time-space fractional complex Ginzburg–Landau equation. The results show that the obtainable approaches are powerful, dependable and prepared to apply to all classes of complex differential equations.

One of the most frequently used signaling techniques for initiating, sustaining, and dismissing sessions on the internet is a session initiation protocol (SIP). Currently, SIPs are gaining widespread applications in the human-centered Internet of Things (HC-IoT) domain. In HC-IoT environments, sensitive user data are transmitted over open communication channels that require secure authentication to protect sensitive user information from unlawful exploitation. In order to provide robust authentication for critical user data, SIP-based authentication mechanisms have been proposed; however, these authentication schemes have not provided perfect authentication and effective security for users. Additionally, the existing schemes are computationally intensive and cost-prohibitive in design and implementation. In order to address this problem, especially in the human-centered IoT context, this work introduces a provably secure, lightweight, three-factor SIP-based scheme to tackle the shortcomings of traditional schemes. The presented scheme is based on an extended fractional Chebyshev chaotic map. A formal security verification of the session key in the real-or-random (ROR) model is conducted to evaluate the projected scheme. The investigation results indicate that the new scheme is SIP compatible and achieves secure mutual authentication with robust security features compared to the existing schemes. Therefore, the proposed SIP-enabled scheme can be deployed in the human-centered Internet of Things to secure critical user information.

Chaos distributes with a covert method to condense the dynamic of complexity and satisfies the security requirements of a cryptographic system. This study gives an ability online/offline (O/O) ID-based short signature (IBSS) scheme using conformable fractional chaotic maps. Furthermore, we establish its security under IBSS existential unforgeability of identity-based short signature (IBSS) under chosen message attack (EUF-IBSS-CMA) in the random oracle model (ROM). Some of the stimulating preparations of obtainable processes are that they give a multiperiod application of the offline storage, which licenses the agent to recycle the offline pre-registered data in time series (especially the polynomial time), rather than one-period usage in all past IBSS processes.

The software organizations widely consider the cloud based global software development (CGSD) as it offer the quality projects with low cast. The adoption of CGSD is challenging due to the geographical distance between practitioners. This study aims to identify and analyses the motivators that could positively impact the implementation of CGSD paradigm. The systematic literature review approach was applied to identify the CGSD motivators reported in the literature, and were further validated with industry experts using questionnaire survey study. Moreover, the fuzzy-AHP approach was applied to prioritize the investigated motivators concerning their significance for the successful adoption of CGSD. The findings of the study provide the prioritization-based taxonomy of the investigated motivators that assists the software organizations to develop and revise their strategies for the successful implementation of CGSD.

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a network system that involves spatially distributed devices such as wireless sensor nodes. As the data collected by the sensor nodes and transmitted through WSNs are mostly sensitive, confidential, or personal data, secure information transmission is a critical challenge, and one of the most significant security requirements is authentication. The digital signature plays a key role in ensuring data integrity, authentication and non-repudiation. In this article, we shall present an efficient, high security level online/offline subtree-based short signature scheme (OOS-SSS) using Chebyshev chaotic maps for WSN fuzzy user data sharing over a Galois field. The proposed scheme is secure in an environment of random oracle unforgeability under chosen message attack (UF-SBSS-CMA). Notably, our new design has made multiple-time usage of offline storage possible, enabling the signer to reuse offline pre-info in polynomial time instead of having only one single attempt as in the currently available online/offline signing schemes. In addition, based on our OOS-SSS design, we can build up an aggregation scheme for wireless sensor network settings. Also, the proposed scheme can be extended with some applications attached to it to allow users to register messages and implement them on WSN. Lastly, our performance comparison reveals that the proposed scheme has the lowest computational cost among six competing schemes.

Abstract Approximate curve is constructed using quadratic, quintic, and cubic splines and examination between these splines. The point of this construction is to predict sediment yield index (SYI) corresponding to curve number. This strategy is outlined with a contextual analysis of Manot watershed of Narmada Basin, India. The relation among calculated SYI and observed SYI esteems is associated with a coefficient of determination (R 2) of 0.36 and 0.48 for the corresponding quadratic and quintic splines, while the cubic spline showed R 2 of 0.87 (Meshram et al. Arab J Geosci 10:155–168, 2017b; Appl Water Sci 7:1773–1779, 2017c). Numerical results seemed to indicate that the cubic spline method is more accurate than the quadratic/quintic spline method.

The birth of mass production started in the early 1900s. The manufacturing industries were transformed from mechanization to digitalization with the help of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Now, the advancement of ICT and the Internet of Things has enabled smart manufacturing or Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 refers to the various technologies that are transforming the way we work in manufacturing industries such as Internet of Things, cloud, big data, AI, robotics, blockchain, autonomous vehicles, enterprise software, etc. Additionally, the Industry 4.0 concept refers to new production patterns involving new technologies, manufacturing factors, and workforce organization. It changes the production process and creates a highly efficient production system that reduces production costs and improves product quality. The concept of Industry 4.0 is relatively new; there is high uncertainty, lack of knowledge and limited publication about the performance measurement and quality management with respect to Industry 4.0. Conversely, manufacturing companies are still struggling to understand the variety of Industry 4.0 technologies. Industrial standards are used to measure performance and manage the quality of the product and services. In order to fill this gap, our study focuses on how the manufacturing industries use different industrial standards to measure performance and manage the quality of the product and services. This paper reviews the current methods, industrial standards, key performance indicators (KPIs) used for performance measurement systems in data-driven Industry 4.0, and the case studies to understand how smart manufacturing companies are taking advantage of Industry 4.0. Furthermore, this article discusses the digitalization of quality called Quality 4.0, research challenges and opportunities in data-driven Industry 4.0 are discussed.

Signcryption schemes leveraging chaotic constructions have garnered significant research interest in recent years. These schemes have proffered practical solutions towards addressing the vast security vulnerabilities in Electronic Cash Systems (ECS). The schemes can seamlessly perform message confidentiality and authentication simultaneously. Still, their applications in emerging electronic cash platforms require a higher degree of complexity in design and robustness, especially as billions of online transactions are conducted globally. Consequently, several security issues arise from using open wireless channels for online business transactions. In order to guarantee the security of user information over these safety-limited channels, sophisticated security schemes are solely desired. However, the existing signcryption schemes cannot provide the required confidentiality and authentication for user information on these online platforms. Therefore, the need for certificateless group signcryption schemes (CGSS) becomes imperative. This paper presents an efficient electronic cash system based on CGSS using conformable chaotic maps (CCM). In our design, any group signcrypter would encrypt information/data with the group manager (GM) and send it to the verifier, who confirms the authenticity of the signcrypted information/data using the public criteria of the group. Additionally, the traceability, unforgeability, unlinkability, and robust security of the proposed CGSS-CCM ECS scheme have been built leveraging computationally difficult problems. Performance evaluation of the proposed CGSS-CCM ECS scheme shows that it is secure from the Indistinguishably Chosen Ciphertext Attack. Finally, the security analysis of the proposed technique shows high efficiency in security-vulnerable applications. Overall, the scheme gave superior security features compared to the existing methods in the preliminaries.

The place of public key cryptography (PKC) in guaranteeing the security of wireless networks under human-centered IoT environments cannot be overemphasized. PKC uses the idea of paired keys that are mathematically dependent but independent in practice. In PKC, each communicating party needs the public key and the authorized digital certificate of the other party to achieve encryption and decryption. In this circumstance, a directory is required to store the public keys of the participating parties. However, the design of such a directory can be cost-prohibitive and time-consuming. Recently, identity-based encryption (IBE) schemes have been introduced to address the vast limitations of PKC schemes. In a typical IBE system, a third-party server can distribute the public credentials to all parties involved in the system. Thus, the private key can be harvested from the arbitrary public key. As a result, the sender could use the public key of the receiver to encrypt the message, and the receiver could use the extracted private key to decrypt the message. In order to improve systems security, new IBE schemes are solely desired. However, the complexity and cost of designing an entirely new IBE technique remain. In order to address this problem, this paper presents a provably secure IBE transformation model for PKC using conformable Chebyshev chaotic maps under the human-centered IoT environment. In particular, we offer a robust and secure IBE transformation model and provide extensive performance analysis and security proofs of the model. Finally, we demonstrate the superiority of the proposed IBE transformation model over the existing IBE schemes. Overall, results indicate that the proposed scheme posed excellent security capabilities compared to the preliminary IBE-based schemes.