965 results on '"Chang, Emily"'
Search Results
2. A Landscape of Subjective and Objective Stress in African-American Dementia Family Caregivers
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Cothran, Fawn A, Chang, Emily, Beckett, Laurel, Bidwell, Julie T, Price, Candice A, and Gallagher-Thompson, Dolores
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Health Services and Systems ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Depression ,Dementia ,Mental Health ,Clinical Research ,Acquired Cognitive Impairment ,Caregiving Research ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Aging ,Brain Disorders ,Mental Illness ,Neurodegenerative ,Neurosciences ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Good Health and Well Being ,Black or African American ,Caregivers ,Humans ,Hydrocortisone ,Stress ,Psychological ,African American ,caregivers ,dementia ,cortisol ,allostatic load ,Nursing - Abstract
Stress is a significant part of daily life, and systemic social inequities, such as racism and discrimination, are well-established contributors of chronic stress for African Americans. Added exposure to the stress of caregiving may exacerbate adverse health outcomes. This secondary analysis describes subjective and objective stress in African American family caregivers, and relationships of subjective and objective stress to health outcomes. Baseline data from 142 African American dementia family caregivers from the "Great Village" study were described using means and frequencies; regression models and Pearson's correlation were used to examine associations between demographics, social determinants of health, and health outcomes. Mixed models were used to examine change and change variation in cortisol. Most caregivers had moderate degrees of stress. Stress was associated with sleep disruption and depressive symptoms, and discrimination appeared to be an independent contributor to depressive symptoms. This work provides a foundation for interpreting subjective and objective indicators of stress to tailor existing multicomponent interventions.
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- 2022
3. Language barriers in the community pharmacy : a survey of northern and western Auckland
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Chang, Emily, Tsang, Bobby, and Thornley, Simon
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- 2011
4. Mechanisms for Community Health Worker Action on Patient-, Institutional-, and Community-Level Barriers to Primary Care in a Safety-Net Setting
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Carson, Savanna L, Hong, Clemens, Behforouz, Heidi, Chang, Emily, Dixon, Lydia Z, Factor, Diane, George, Sheba M, Lewis, Jenebah, Majeno, Angelina, Morales, Maria, Porter, Courtney, Shah, Ami, Vassar, Stefanie D, and Brown, Arleen F
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Health Services and Systems ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Health Services ,Clinical Research ,Health and social care services research ,8.1 Organisation and delivery of services ,Generic health relevance ,Good Health and Well Being ,Community Health Workers ,Focus Groups ,Humans ,Primary Health Care ,Qualitative Research ,access to care ,community health workers ,health disparities ,primary care engagement ,safety net ,Health Policy & Services - Abstract
Medically and socially complex patients disproportionately face barriers to primary care, contributing to health inequities and higher health care costs. This study elicited perspectives on how community health workers (CHWs) act upon barriers to primary care in 5 patient (n = 25) and 3 CHW focus groups (n = 17). Participants described how CHWs acted on patient-level barriers through social support, empowerment, and linkages, and system-level barriers by enhancing care team awareness of patient circumstances, optimizing communication, and advocating for equitable treatment. Limitations existed for influencing entrenched community-level barriers. CHWs, focusing on patient preferences, motivators, and circumstances, intervened on multilevel barriers to primary care, including advocacy for equitable treatment. These mechanisms have implications for existing CHW conceptual models.
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- 2022
5. Cousins (Part I): Nicky's rivalry with her perfect cousin grows as she learns they have even more in common than she thought
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Chang, Emily
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General interest ,Literature/writing - Abstract
This is the first installment of Emily Chang's novella, which received honorable mention in our 2022 Book Contest. We will be publishing the novella over the course of three issues. [...]
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- 2023
6. Characteristics and Outcomes of Individuals With Pre-existing Kidney Disease and COVID-19 Admitted to Intensive Care Units in the United States
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Flythe, Jennifer E, Assimon, Magdalene M, Tugman, Matthew J, Chang, Emily H, Gupta, Shruti, Shah, Jatan, Sosa, Marie Anne, Renaghan, Amanda DeMauro, Melamed, Michal L, Wilson, F Perry, Neyra, Javier A, Rashidi, Arash, Boyle, Suzanne M, Anand, Shuchi, Christov, Marta, Thomas, Leslie F, Edmonston, Daniel, Leaf, David E, Walther, Carl P, Anumudu, Samaya J, Arunthamakun, Justin, Kopecky, Kathleen F, Milligan, Gregory P, McCullough, Peter A, Nguyen, Thuy-Duyen, Shaefi, Shahzad, Krajewski, Megan L, Shankar, Sidharth, Pannu, Ameeka, Valencia, Juan D, Waikar, Sushrut S, Kibbelaar, Zoe A, Athavale, Ambarish M, Hart, Peter, Upadhyay, Shristi, Vohra, Ishaan, Green, Adam, Rachoin, Jean-Sebastien, Schorr, Christa A, Shea, Lisa, Edmonston, Daniel L, Mosher, Christopher L, Shehata, Alexandre M, Cohen, Zaza, Allusson, Valerie, Bambrick-Santoyo, Gabriela, Bhatti, Noor ul aain, Mehta, Bijal, Williams, Aquino, Brenner, Samantha K, Walters, Patricia, Go, Ronaldo C, Rose, Keith M, Chan, Lili, Mathews, Kusum S, Coca, Steven G, Altman, Deena R, Saha, Aparna, Soh, Howard, Wen, Huei Hsun, Bose, Sonali, Leven, Emily A, Wang, Jing G, Mosoyan, Gohar, Nadkarni, Girish N, Pattharanitima, Pattharawin, Gallagher, Emily J, Friedman, Allon N, Guirguis, John, Kapoor, Rajat, Meshberger, Christopher, Kelly, Katherine J, Parikh, Chirag R, Garibaldi, Brian T, Corona-Villalobos, Celia P, Wen, Yumeng, Menez, Steven, Malik, Rubab F, Cervantes, Carmen Elena, Gautam, Samir C, Mallappallil, Mary C, Ouyang, Jie, John, Sabu, Yap, Ernie, Melaku, Yohannes, Mohamed, Ibrahim, Bajracharya, Siddhartha, Puri, Isha, Thaxton, Mariah, Bhattacharya, Jyotsna, Wagner, John, Boudourakis, Leon, Nguyen, H Bryant, Ahoubim, Afshin, Kashani, Kianoush, Tehranian, Shahrzad, Sirganagari, Dheeraj Reddy, Guru, Pramod K, and Zhou, Yan
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Clinical Research ,Cardiovascular ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Kidney Disease ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Renal and urogenital ,Good Health and Well Being ,Aged ,COVID-19 ,Comorbidity ,Critical Illness ,Female ,Hospital Mortality ,Humans ,Intensive Care Units ,Kidney Function Tests ,Male ,Renal Dialysis ,Renal Insufficiency ,Chronic ,Retrospective Studies ,Risk Factors ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Treatment Outcome ,United States ,STOP-COVID Investigators ,COVID-19 outcome ,Coronavirus disease 2019 ,altered mental status ,chronic kidney disease ,clinical course ,clinical trajectory ,critical illness ,dialysis ,end-stage kidney disease ,end-stage renal disease ,glomerular filtration rate ,in-hospital mortality ,intensive care unit ,prognosis ,renal function ,severe COVID-19 ,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Urology & Nephrology - Abstract
Rationale & objectiveUnderlying kidney disease is an emerging risk factor for more severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness. We examined the clinical courses of critically ill COVID-19 patients with and without pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and investigated the association between the degree of underlying kidney disease and in-hospital outcomes.Study designRetrospective cohort study.Settings & participants4,264 critically ill patients with COVID-19 (143 patients with pre-existing kidney failure receiving maintenance dialysis; 521 patients with pre-existing non-dialysis-dependent CKD; and 3,600 patients without pre-existing CKD) admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) at 68 hospitals across the United States.Predictor(s)Presence (vs absence) of pre-existing kidney disease.Outcome(s)In-hospital mortality (primary); respiratory failure, shock, ventricular arrhythmia/cardiac arrest, thromboembolic events, major bleeds, and acute liver injury (secondary).Analytical approachWe used standardized differences to compare patient characteristics (values>0.10 indicate a meaningful difference between groups) and multivariable-adjusted Fine and Gray survival models to examine outcome associations.ResultsDialysis patients had a shorter time from symptom onset to ICU admission compared to other groups (median of 4 [IQR, 2-9] days for maintenance dialysis patients; 7 [IQR, 3-10] days for non-dialysis-dependent CKD patients; and 7 [IQR, 4-10] days for patients without pre-existing CKD). More dialysis patients (25%) reported altered mental status than those with non-dialysis-dependent CKD (20%; standardized difference=0.12) and those without pre-existing CKD (12%; standardized difference=0.36). Half of dialysis and non-dialysis-dependent CKD patients died within 28 days of ICU admission versus 35% of patients without pre-existing CKD. Compared to patients without pre-existing CKD, dialysis patients had higher risk for 28-day in-hospital death (adjusted HR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.09-1.81]), while patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD had an intermediate risk (adjusted HR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.08-1.44]).LimitationsPotential residual confounding.ConclusionsFindings highlight the high mortality of individuals with underlying kidney disease and severe COVID-19, underscoring the importance of identifying safe and effective COVID-19 therapies in this vulnerable population.
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- 2021
7. Simple, miniaturized biosensors for wireless mapping of thermoregulatory responses
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Oh, Seyong, Yoo, Jae-Young, Maeng, Woo-Youl, Yoo, Seonggwang, Yang, Tianyu, Slattery, Susan M., Pessano, Sara, Chang, Emily, Jeong, Hyoyoung, Kim, Jihye, Ahn, Hak-Young, Kim, Yeongdo, Kim, Joohee, Xu, Shuai, Weese-Mayer, Debra E., and Rogers, John A.
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- 2023
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8. Distributed Layer-Partitioned Training for Privacy-Preserved Deep Learning
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Yu, Chun-Hsien, Chou, Chun-Nan, and Chang, Emily
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Statistics - Machine Learning - Abstract
Deep Learning techniques have achieved remarkable results in many domains. Often, training deep learning models requires large datasets, which may require sensitive information to be uploaded to the cloud to accelerate training. To adequately protect sensitive information, we propose distributed layer-partitioned training with step-wise activation functions for privacy-preserving deep learning. Experimental results attest our method to be simple and effective., Comment: accepted by IEEE MIPR'19 - short paper
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- 2019
9. Classifying Kidney Disease in a Vervet Model Using Spatially Encoded Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Perfusion Parameters
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AlHmoud, Issa W., Walmer, Rachel W., Kavanagh, Kylie, Chang, Emily H., Johnson, Kennita A., and Bikdash, Marwan
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- 2023
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10. Novel Treatment Strategies for Malignant Anterior Segment Tumors
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Kim, Jane S., Chang, Emily, Demirci, Hakan, Chawla, Bhavna V., editor, and Aronow, Mary E., editor
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- 2022
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11. Snow Day: A year after the snow day that changed her life forever, Anna finds a wounded bird
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Chang, Emily
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Children's stories ,General interest ,Literature/writing - Abstract
On Tuesday morning, a sheath of crystalline white over the bedroom window obstructed Anna's view of anything else outside. Snow day, she thought, and without explanation, a feeling of dread [...]
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- 2023
12. Dynamic internal jugular vein venography: a descriptive study in 89 patients with suspected cerebral venous outflow disorders
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Fargen, Kyle M, primary, Midtlien, Jackson P, additional, Margraf, Connor, additional, Kiritsis, Nicholas R, additional, Chang, Emily, additional, and Hui, Ferdinand, additional
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- 2024
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13. Association between common telomere length genetic variants and telomere length in an African population and impacts of HIV and TB
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Wang, Stephanie, Chang, Emily, Byanyima, Patrick, Huang, Peter, Sanyu, Ingvar, Musisi, Emmanuel, Sessolo, Abdul, Davis, J Lucian, Worodria, William, Huang, Laurence, and Lin, Jue
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HIV/AIDS ,Rare Diseases ,Infectious Diseases ,Clinical Research ,Genetics ,Tuberculosis ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Africa ,Alleles ,Cohort Studies ,DNA Helicases ,Demography ,Female ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Leukocytes ,Male ,Polymorphism ,Single Nucleotide ,RNA ,Ribonucleoproteins ,Telomerase ,Telomere ,Telomere-Binding Proteins ,Inflammation ,Aging ,Microbes and Obstructive Lung Disease (I AM OLD) Study ,Clinical Sciences ,Genetics & Heredity - Abstract
Prior studies in predominantly European (Caucasian) populations have discovered common genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) associated with leukocyte telomere length (LTL), but whether these same variants affect LTL in non-Caucasian populations are largely unknown. We investigated whether six genetic variants previously associated with LTL (TERC (rs10936599), TERT (rs2736100), NAF1 (7675998), OBFC1 (rs9420907), ZNF208 (rs8105767), and RTEL1 (rs755017)) are correlated with telomere length (TL) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a cohort of Africans living with and without HIV and undergoing evaluation for tuberculosis (TB). We found OBFC1 and the genetic sum score of the effect alleles across all six loci to be associated with shorter TL (adjusted for age, gender, HIV status, and smoking pack-years (p
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- 2019
14. Gut microbiota in HIV-pneumonia patients is related to peripheral CD4 counts, lung microbiota, and in vitro macrophage dysfunction.
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Shenoy, Meera K, Fadrosh, Douglas W, Lin, Din L, Worodria, William, Byanyima, Patrick, Musisi, Emmanuel, Kaswabuli, Sylvia, Zawedde, Josephine, Sanyu, Ingvar, Chang, Emily, Fong, Serena, McCauley, Kathryn, Davis, J Lucian, Huang, Laurence, and Lynch, Susan V
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Lung ,Macrophages ,Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ,Feces ,Humans ,Bacteria ,HIV Infections ,Pneumonia ,DNA ,Bacterial ,DNA ,Ribosomal ,RNA ,Ribosomal ,16S ,Interleukin-6 ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Cohort Studies ,Sequence Analysis ,DNA ,Uganda ,Chemokine CXCL10 ,Microbiota ,DNA ,Bacterial ,Ribosomal ,RNA ,16S ,Sequence Analysis ,Ecology ,Microbiology ,Medical Microbiology - Abstract
Pneumonia is common and frequently fatal in HIV-infected patients, due to rampant, systemic inflammation and failure to control microbial infection. While airway microbiota composition is related to local inflammatory response, gut microbiota has been shown to correlate with the degree of peripheral immune activation (IL6 and IP10 expression) in HIV-infected patients. We thus hypothesized that both airway and gut microbiota are perturbed in HIV-infected pneumonia patients, that the gut microbiota is related to peripheral CD4+ cell counts, and that its associated products differentially program immune cell populations necessary for controlling microbial infection in CD4-high and CD4-low patients. To assess these relationships, paired bronchoalveolar lavage and stool microbiota (bacterial and fungal) from a large cohort of Ugandan, HIV-infected patients with pneumonia were examined, and in vitro tests of the effect of gut microbiome products on macrophage effector phenotypes performed. While lower airway microbiota stratified into three compositionally distinct microbiota as previously described, these were not related to peripheral CD4 cell count. In contrast, variation in gut microbiota composition significantly related to CD4 cell count, lung microbiota composition, and patient mortality. Compared with patients with high CD4+ cell counts, those with low counts possessed more compositionally similar airway and gut microbiota, evidence of microbial translocation, and their associated gut microbiome products reduced macrophage activation and IL-10 expression and increased IL-1β expression in vitro. These findings suggest that the gut microbiome is related to CD4 status and plays a key role in modulating macrophage function, critical to microbial control in HIV-infected patients with pneumonia.
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- 2019
15. Pneumoproteins are associated with pulmonary function in HIV-infected persons
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Jeon, Diane, Chang, Emily G, McGing, Maggie, Hartman-Filson, Marlena, Sommers, Mathew, Lewis, Eula, Balmes, John R, Moisi, Daniela, Lederman, Michael M, Madsen, Kristine A, Woodruff, Prescott G, Hunt, Peter W, and Huang, Laurence
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Immunology ,Medical Microbiology ,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ,Infectious Diseases ,Clinical Research ,HIV/AIDS ,Lung ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Respiratory ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Aged ,Biomarkers ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Female ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Lung Diseases ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Pulmonary Disease ,Chronic Obstructive ,Inflammation ,Aging ,Microbes and Obstructive Lung Disease (I AM OLD) Study ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
BackgroundCOPD is a common HIV comorbidity, and HIV-infected individuals have a higher incidence and earlier onset of COPD compared to HIV-uninfected individuals. While the pathogenesis of HIV-associated COPD is largely unknown, chronic inflammation may contribute. Four pneumoproteins known to be markers of lung injury and inflammation have been associated with COPD in HIV-uninfected individuals: PARC/CCL-18, SP-D, CC-16, and sRAGE.ObjectiveTo determine whether these pneumoproteins are also associated with pulmonary function and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) scores in HIV-infected individuals.MethodsAssociations between plasma pneumoprotein levels and pulmonary function were determined in a cross-sectional study of otherwise healthy HIV-infected individuals enrolled between September 2016 and June 2017. Covariates included HIV-associated (antiretroviral therapy, CD4 count, and viral load) and COPD-associated (smoking and BMI) covariates.ResultsAmong 65 participants, 78.5% were male, 50.8% had undetectable viral load, and 76.9% were ever-smokers. Mean post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC was 0.71, and mean DLco%predicted was 61%. Higher PARC/CCL-18 was associated with lower DLco%predicted and higher CAT score. Higher CC-16 was associated with lower DLco%predicted and lower FVC%predicted.ConclusionsThis exploratory analysis is the first to characterize associations between these four pneumoproteins and pulmonary function in an HIV-infected cohort. Our findings suggest the pathogenesis of HIV-associated COPD may differ from that of non-HIV-associated COPD due to HIV-specific inflammatory changes affecting DLco. PARC/CCL-18 is associated with structural and functional pulmonary abnormalities and may be an important COPD biomarker candidate in HIV infection. Our study is a preliminary step toward finding clinically relevant COPD biomarkers in high-risk populations.
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- 2019
16. HIV infection is associated with elevated biomarkers of immune activation in Ugandan adults with pneumonia.
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Wang, Richard J, Moore, Julia, Moisi, Daniela, Chang, Emily G, Byanyima, Patrick, Kaswabuli, Sylvia, Musisi, Emmanuel, Sanyu, Ingvar, Sessolo, Abdulwahab, Lalitha, Rejani, Worodria, William, Davis, J Lucian, Crothers, Kristina, Lin, Jue, Lederman, Michael M, Hunt, Peter W, and Huang, Laurence
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Monocytes ,Humans ,HIV Infections ,Pneumonia ,Inflammation ,Hyaluronic Acid ,C-Reactive Protein ,Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products ,Receptors ,Tumor Necrosis Factor ,Antigens ,CD ,Interleukin-6 ,Cohort Studies ,Prospective Studies ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Adult ,Middle Aged ,Uganda ,Female ,Male ,Biomarkers ,Lipopolysaccharide Receptors ,Lung ,Pneumonia & Influenza ,Clinical Research ,Infectious Diseases ,HIV/AIDS ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Infection ,Inflammatory and immune system ,Good Health and Well Being ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
IntroductionPneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. How immune activation differs among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults with pneumonia is unknown.MethodsThe Inflammation, Aging, Microbes, and Obstructive Lung Disease (I AM OLD) Cohort is a prospective cohort of adults with pneumonia in Uganda. In this cross-sectional analysis, plasma was collected at pneumonia presentation to measure the following 12 biomarkers: interleukin 6 (IL-6), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 (sTNFR-1 and sTNFR-2), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen, D-dimer, soluble CD27 (sCD27), interferon gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), soluble CD14 (sCD14), soluble CD163 (sCD163), hyaluronan, and intestinal fatty acid binding protein. We asked whether biomarker levels differed between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected participants, and whether higher levels of these biomarkers were associated with mortality.ResultsOne hundred seventy-three participants were enrolled. Fifty-three percent were HIV-infected. Eight plasma biomarkers-sTNFR-1, sTNFR-2, hsCRP, D-dimer, sCD27, IP-10, sCD14, and hyaluronan-were higher among participants with HIV infection, after adjustment for pneumonia severity. Higher levels of 8 biomarkers-IL-6, sTNFR-1, sTNFR-2, hsCRP, IP-10, sCD14, sCD163, and hyaluronan-were associated with increased 2-month mortality.ConclusionsAs in other clinical contexts, HIV infection is associated with a greater degree of immune activation among Ugandan adults with pneumonia. Some of these are also associated with short-term mortality. Further study is needed to explore whether these biomarkers might predict poor long-term outcomes-such as the development of obstructive lung disease-in patients with HIV who have recovered from pneumonia.
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- 2019
17. Predictors of Mortality Among Hospitalized Patients With Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in a High HIV Burden Setting
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Worodria, William, Chang, Emily, Andama, Alfred, Sanyu, Ingvar, Byanyima, Patrick, Musisi, Emmanuel, Kaswabuli, Sylvia, Zawedde, Josephine, Ayakaka, Irene, Sessolo, Abdul, Lalitha, Rejani, Davis, John Lucian, and Huang, Laurence
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HIV/AIDS ,Clinical Research ,Lung ,Infectious Diseases ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ,Adult ,Africa South of the Sahara ,Decision Support Techniques ,Female ,Hospitalization ,Humans ,Male ,Prognosis ,Respiratory Tract Infections ,Survival Analysis ,predictors ,mortality ,pneumonia ,HIV ,sub-Saharan Africa ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Virology - Abstract
IntroductionLower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a leading cause of mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Triaging identifies patients at high risk of death, but laboratory tests proposed for use in severity-of-illness scores are not readily available, limiting their clinical use. Our objective was to determine whether baseline characteristics in hospitalized participants with LRTI predicted increased risk of death.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis from the Mulago Inpatient Non-invasive Diagnosis-International HIV-associated Opportunistic Pneumonias (MIND-IHOP) cohort of adults hospitalized with LRTI who underwent standardized investigations and treatment. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 2 months. Predictors of mortality were determined using multiple logistic regression.ResultsOf 1887 hospitalized participants with LRTI, 372 (19.7%) died. The median participant age was 34.3 years (interquartile range, 28.0-43.3 years), 978 (51.8%) were men, and 1192 (63.2%) were HIV-positive with median CD4 counts of 81 cells/µL (interquartile range, 21-226 cells/µL). Seven hundred eleven (37.7%) participants had a microbiologically confirmed diagnosis. Temperature 120/min (aOR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.37 to 2.43; P < 0.0001), oxygen saturation 120/min, hypoxia, being HIV-positive, and bed-bound independently predicts mortality in participants hospitalized with LRTI. These readily available characteristics could be used to triage patients with LRTI in low-income settings. Providing adequate oxygen, adequate intravenous fluids, and early antiretroviral therapy (in people living with HIV/AIDS) may be life-saving in hospitalized patients with LRTI.
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- 2018
18. Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery
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Chang, Emily and Zhang, Amy
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- 2022
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19. Kidney Recovery and Death in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19–Associated Acute Kidney Injury Treated With Dialysis: The STOP-COVID Cohort Study
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Gupta, Hsu, Faugno, Goyal, Raichoudhury, Tariq, Meyer, Sharma, Leaf, Kshirsagar, Walther, Carl P., Anumudu, Samaya J., Arunthamakun, Justin, Kopecky, Kathleen F., Milligan, Gregory P., McCullough, Peter A., Nguyen, Thuy-Duyen, Shaefi, Shahzad, Krajewski, Megan L., Shankar, Sidharth, Pannu, Ameeka, Valencia, Juan D., Bauer, Kenneth A., Waikar, Sushrut S., Kibbelaar, Zoe A., Athavale, Ambarish M., Hart, Peter, Upadhyay, Shristi, Vohra, Ishaan, Oyintayo, Ajiboye, Green, Adam, Rachoin, Jean-Sebastien, Schorr, Christa A., Shea, Lisa, Edmonston, Daniel L., Mosher, Christopher L., Shehata, Alexandre M., Cohen, Zaza, Allusson, Valerie, Bambrick-Santoyo, Gabriela, Bhatti, Noor ul aain, Mehta, Bijal, WilliamsSamantha K. Brenner, Aquino, Walters, Patricia, Go, Ronaldo C., Rose, Keith M., Hernán, Miguel A., Zhou, Amy M., Kim, Ethan C., Lisk, Rebecca, Chan, Lili, Mathews, Kusum S., Coca, Steven G., Altman, Deena R., Saha, Aparna, Soh, Howard, Wen, Huei Hsun, Bose, Sonali, Leven, Emily A., Wang, Jing G., Mosoyan, Gohar, Pattharanitima, Pattharawin, Gallagher, Emily J., Friedman, Allon N., Guirguis, John, Kapoor, Rajat, Meshberger, Christopher, Kelly, Katherine J., Parikh, Chirag R., Garibaldi, Brian T., Corona-Villalobos, Celia P., Wen, Yumeng, Menez, Steven, Malik, Rubab F., Cervantes, Carmen Elena, Gautam, Samir C., Mallappallil, Mary C., Ouyang, Jie, John, Sabu, Yap, Ernie, Melaku, Yohannes, Mohamed, Ibrahim, Bajracharya, Siddhartha, Puri, Isha, Thaxton, Mariah, Bhattacharya, Jyotsna, Wagner, John, Boudourakis, Leon, Nguyen, H. Bryant, Ahoubim, Afshin, Thomas, Leslie F., Sirganagari, Dheeraj Reddy, Guru, Pramod K., Kashani, Kianoush, Tehranian, Shahrzad, Zhou, Yan, Bergl, Paul A., Rodriguez, Jesus, Shah, Jatan A., Gupta, Mrigank S., Kumar, Princy N., Lazarous, Deepa G., Kassaye, Seble G., Melamed, Michal L., Johns. Ryan Mocerino, Tanya S., Prudhvi, Kalyan, Zhu, Denzel, Levy, Rebecca V., Azzi, Yorg, Fisher, Molly, Yunes, Milagros, Sedaliu, Kaltrina, Golestaneh, Ladan, Brogan, Maureen, Thakkar, Jyotsana, Kumar, Neelja, Ross, Michael J., Chang, Michael, Athreya, Akshay, Farag, Mohamed, Schenck, Edward J., Cho, Soo Jung, Plataki, Maria, Alvarez-Mulett, Sergio L., Gomez-Escobar, Luis G., Pan, Di, Lee, Stefi, Krishnan, Jamuna, Whalen, William, Charytan, David, Macina, Ashley, Srivastava, Anand, Leidner, Alexander S., Martinez, Carlos, Kruser, Jacqueline M., Wunderink, Richard G., Hodakowski, Alexander J., Velez, Juan Carlos Q., Price-Haywood, Eboni G., Matute-Trochez, Luis A., Hasty, Anna E., Mohamed, Muner M.B., Avasare, Rupali S., Zonies, David, Al-Samkari, Hanny, Leaf, Rebecca Karp, Rosovsky, Rachel, Sise, Meghan E., Newman, Erik T., Omar, Samah Abu, Pokharel, Kapil K., Sharma, Shreyak, Singh, Harkarandeep, Correa, Simon, Shaukat, Tanveer, Kamal, Omer, Wang, Wei, Lee, Meghan, Strohbehn, Ian A., Li, Jiahua, Mueller, Ariel L., Redfern, Roberta E., Cairl, Nicholas S., Naimy, Gabriel, Abu-Saif, Abeer, Hall, Danyell, Bickley, Laura, Rowan, Chris, Madhani-Lovely, Farah, Peev, Vasil, Reiser, Jochen, Byun, John J., Vissing, Andrew, Kapania, Esha M., Post, Zoe, Patel, Nilam P., Hermes, Joy-Marie, Sutherland, Anne K., Patrawalla, Amee, Finkel, Diana G., Danek, Barbara A., Arikapudi, Sowminya, Paer, Jeffrey M., Cangialosi, Peter, Liotta, Mark, Radbel, Jared, Puri, Sonika, Sunderram, Jag, Scharf, Matthew T., Ahmed, Ayesha, Berim, Ilya, Vatson, Jayanth S., Karp, George, Anand, Shuchi, Levitt, Joseph E., Garcia, Pablo, Boyle, Suzanne M., Song, Rui, Zhang, Jingjing, Woo, Sang Hoon, Deng, Xiaoying, Katz-Greenberg, Goni, Sharshir, Moh’d A., Rusnak, Vadym V., Bansal, Anip, Podoll, Amber S., Chonchol, Michel, Sharma, Sunita, Burnham, Ellen L., Rashidi, Arash, Hejal, Rana, Judd, Eric, Latta, Laura, Tolwani, Ashita, Albertson, Timothy E., Adams, Jason Y., Chang, Steven Y., Beutler, Rebecca M., Schulze, Carl E., Macedo, Etienne, RheeKa, Harin, thleen D. Liu, Jotwani, Vasantha K., Koyner, Jay L., Shah, Chintan V., Jaikaransingh, Vishal, Toth-Manikowski, Stephanie M., Joo, Min J., Lash, James P., Neyra, Javier A., Chaaban, Nourhan, Elias, Madona, Ahmad, Yahya, Dy, Rajany, Iardino, Alfredo, Au, Elizabeth H., Sosa, Marie Anne, Taldone, Sabrina, Contreras, Gabriel, De La Zerda, David, Gershengorn, Hayley B., Fornoni, Alessia, Hayek, Salim S., Blakely, Pennelope, Berlin, Hanna, Azam, Tariq U., Shadid, Husam, Pan, Michael, O’Hayer, Patrick, Meloche, Chelsea, Feroze, Rafey, Padalia, Kishan J., Leya, Jeff, Donnelly, John P., Admon, Andrew J., Flythe, Jennifer E., Tugman, Matthew J., Chang, Emily H., Brown, Brent R., Leonberg-Yoo, Amanda K., Spiardi, Ryan C., Miano, Todd A., Roche, Meaghan S., Vasquez, Charles R., Bansal, Amar D., Ernecoff, Natalie C., Kapoor, Sanjana, Verma, Siddharth, Chen, Huiwen, Kovesdy, Csaba P., Molnar, Miklos Z., Azhar, Ambreen, Hedayati, S. Susan, Nadamuni, Mridula V., Shastri, Shani, Willett, Duwayne L., Short, Samuel A.P., Renaghan, Amanda D., Enfield, Kyle B., Bhatraju, Pavan K., Malik, A. Bilal, Semler, Matthew W., Vijayan, Anitha, Joy, Christina Mariyam, Li, Tingting, Goldberg, Seth, Kao, Patricia F., Schumaker, Greg L., Christov, Marta, Griffiths, Jennifer, Gupta, Sanjeev, Kapoor, Aromma, Chugh, Savneek, Wilson, Perry, Arora, Tanima, Ugwuowo, Ugochukwu, Hsu, Caroline M., Gupta, Shruti, Tighiouart, Hocine, Goyal, Nitender, Faugno, Anthony J., Tariq, Asma, Raichoudhury, Ritesh, Sharma, Jill H., Meyer, Leah, Kshirsagar, Ravi K., Jose, Aju, Leaf, David E., and Weiner, Daniel E.
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- 2022
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20. Stretching the structural envelope of imatinib to reduce β-amyloid production by modulating both β- and γ-secretase cleavages of APP.
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Netzer, William J., Sinha, Anjana, Ghias, Mondana, Chang, Emily, Gindinova, Katherina, Mui, Emily, Seo, Ji-Seon, Sinha, Subhash C., Uliassi, Elisa, and Niu, Yan
- Abstract
We previously showed that the anticancer drug imatinib mesylate (IMT, trade name: Gleevec) and a chemically distinct compound, DV2-103 (a kinase-inactive derivative of the potent Abl and Src kinase inhibitor, PD173955) lower Aβ levels at low micromolar concentrations primarily through a lysosome-dependent mechanism that renders APP less susceptible to proteolysis by BACE1 without directly inhibiting BACE1 enzymatic activity, or broadly inhibiting the processing of other BACE1 substrates. Additionally, IMT indirectly inhibits γ-secretase and stimulates autophagy, and thus may decrease Aβ levels through multiple pathways. In two recent studies we demonstrated similar effects on APP metabolism caused by derivatives of IMT and DV2-103. In the present study, we synthesized and tested radically altered IMT isomers (IMTi's) that possess medium structural similarity to IMT. Independent of structural similarity, these isomers manifest widely differing potencies in altering APP metabolism. These will enable us to choose the most potent isomers for further derivatization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. At What Cost to Clinical Trial Enrollment? A Retrospective Study of Patient Travel Burden in Cancer Clinical Trials.
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Borno, Hala T, Zhang, Li, Siegel, Adam, Chang, Emily, and Ryan, Charles J
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Humans ,Retrospective Studies ,Travel ,Female ,Male ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,Early Detection of Cancer ,Cancer clinical trial disparities ,Health care costs ,Recruitment science ,Representativeness in clinical trials ,Travel distance ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Cancer ,Clinical Research ,Good Health and Well Being ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis - Abstract
BACKGROUND:Recent literature suggests that living in a rural setting may be associated with adverse cancer outcomes. This study examines the burden of travel from home to cancer center for clinical trial (CT) enrollees. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Patients from the University of California San Francisco Clinical Trial Management System database who enrolled in a cancer CT for a breast, genitourinary, or gastrointestinal malignancy between 1993 and 2014 were included. Cancer type, household zip code, race/ethnicity, phase of study, study sponsor, and year of signed consent were exported. Distance traveled from home to center was calculated using a GoogleMaps application programming interface. The relationships of distance with phase of CT, household income, and race/ethnicity were examined. RESULTS:A total of 1,600 patients were enrolled in breast (55.8%), genitourinary (29.4%), or gastrointestinal (14.9%) cancer CTs. The overall median unidirectional distance traveled from home to study site was 25.8 miles (interquartile range [IQR] 11.5-75.3). Of the trial sponsors examined, principal investigator (56.4%), industry (22.2%), cooperative group (11.6%), and National Institutes of Health (NIH; 9.8%), the longest distance traveled was for NIH-sponsored trials, with a median of 39.4 miles (p
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- 2018
22. A Phase II Trial of Selinexor, an Oral Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export Compound, in Abiraterone- and/or Enzalutamide-Refractory Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.
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Wei, Xiao X, Siegel, Adam P, Aggarwal, Rahul, Lin, Amy M, Friedlander, Terence W, Fong, Lawrence, Kim, Won, Louttit, Mirela, Chang, Emily, Zhang, Li, and Ryan, Charles J
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Humans ,Hydrazines ,Triazoles ,Phenylthiohydantoin ,Androstenes ,Aged ,Middle Aged ,Male ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Castration-Resistant ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis - Abstract
Lessons learnedIn abiraterone- and/or enzalutamide-refractory metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients, selinexor led to prostate-specific antigen and/or radiographic responses in a subset of patients, indicating clinical activity in this indication.Despite twice-a-week dosing and maximal symptomatic management, selinexor was associated with significant anorexia, nausea, and fatigue in mCRPC patients refractory to second-generation anti-androgen therapies, limiting further clinical development in this patient population.This study highlights the challenge of primary endpoint selection for phase II studies in the post-abiraterone and/or post-enzalutamide mCRPC space.BackgroundSelinexor is a first-in-class selective inhibitor of nuclear export compound that specifically inhibits the nuclear export protein Exportin-1 (XPO-1), leading to nuclear accumulation of tumor suppressor proteins.MethodsThis phase II study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of selinexor in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) refractory to abiraterone and/or enzalutamide.ResultsFourteen patients were enrolled. Selinexor was initially administered at 65 mg/m2 twice a week (days 1 and 3) and was subsequently reduced to 60 mg flat dose twice a week (days 1 and 3), 3 weeks on, 1 week off, to improve tolerability. The median treatment duration was 13 weeks. At a median follow-up of 4 months, two patients (14%) had ≥50% prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline, and seven patients (50%) had any PSA decline. Of eight patients with measurable disease at baseline, two (25%) had a partial response and four (50%) had stable disease as their best radiographic response. Five patients (36%) experienced serious adverse events (SAEs; all unrelated to selinexor), and five patients (36%) experienced treatment-related grade 3-4 AEs. The most common drug-related adverse events (AEs) of any severity were anorexia, nausea, weight loss, fatigue, and thrombocytopenia. Three patients (21%) came off study for unacceptable tolerability.ConclusionSelinexor demonstrated clinical activity and poor tolerability in mCRPC patients refractory to second-line anti-androgenic agents.
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- 2018
23. Diagnostic performance of blood inflammatory markers for tuberculosis screening in people living with HIV
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Farr, Katherine, Ravindran, Resmi, Strnad, Luke, Chang, Emily, Chaisson, Lelia H, Yoon, Christina, Worodria, William, Andama, Alfred, Ayakaka, Irene, Nalwanga, Priscilla Bbosa, Byanyima, Patrick, Kalema, Nelson, Kaswabuli, Sylvia, Katagira, Winceslaus, Aman, Kyomugisha Denise, Musisi, Emmanuel, Tumwine, Nuwagaba Wallen, Sanyu, Ingvar, Ssebunya, Robert, Davis, J Lucian, Huang, Laurence, Khan, Imran H, and Cattamanchi, Adithya
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,HIV/AIDS ,Lung ,Clinical Research ,Infectious Diseases ,Rare Diseases ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,Tuberculosis ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies ,4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Biomarkers ,C-Reactive Protein ,Chemokines ,Cytokines ,Female ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Inflammation Mediators ,Male ,Mass Screening ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Sputum ,Uganda ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
BackgroundApproaches to screening for active tuberculosis (TB) among people living with HIV are inadequate, leading to missed diagnoses and poor implementation of preventive therapy.MethodsConsecutive HIV-infected adults hospitalized at Mulago Hospital (Kampala, Uganda) between June 2011 and July 2013 with a cough ≥ 2 weeks were enrolled. Patients underwent extensive evaluation for pulmonary TB. Concentrations of 43 cytokines/chemokines were measured at the same time point as C-reactive protein (CRP) in banked plasma samples using commercially-available multiplex kits. Advanced classification algorithms were used to rank cytokines/chemokines for their ability to identify TB, and to model the specificity of the top-ranked cytokines/chemokines individually and in combination with sensitivity constrained to ≥ 90% as recommended for TB screening.ResultsThe median plasma level of 5 biomarkers (IL-6, INF-γ, MIG, CRP, IL-18) was significantly different between patients with and without TB. With sensitivity constrained to 90%, all had low specificity with IL-6 showing the highest specificity (44%; 95% CI 37.4-49.5). Biomarker panels were found to be more valuable than any biomarker alone. A panel combining IFN-γ and IL-6 had the highest specificity (50%; 95% CI 46.7-53.3). Sensitivity remained high (>85%) for all panels among sputum smear-negative TB patients.ConclusionsDirect measurement of unstimulated plasma cytokines/chemokines in peripheral blood is a promising approach to TB screening. Cytokine/chemokine panels retained high sensitivity for smear-negative TB and achieved improved specificity compared to individual cytokines/chemokines. These markers should be further evaluated in outpatient settings where most TB screening occurs and where other illnesses associated with systematic inflammation are less common.
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- 2018
24. Tongue cancer developing after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia: a case report
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Kitano, Hisataka, primary, Aizawa, Souichi, additional, Chang, Emily, additional, Yamagata, Kanako, additional, Takayama, Hiromasa, additional, and Kawano, Tempei, additional
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- 2024
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25. Leveraging Pyrazolium Ylide Reactivity to Access Indolizine and 1,2‐Dihydropyrimidine Derivatives
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Tran, Ricky, primary, Brownsey, Duncan K., additional, O'Sullivan, Leonie, additional, Brandow, Connor M. J., additional, Chang, Emily S., additional, Zhou, Wen, additional, Patel, Ketul V., additional, Gorobets, Evgueni, additional, and Derksen, Darren J., additional
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- 2024
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26. Lung Ultrasound, Bioimpedance Spectroscopy, and Physical Examination for Volume Assessment in Hospitalized Hemodialysis Patients: A Diagnostic Test Study
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Chang, Emily H., primary, Tugman, Matthew J., additional, Assimon, Magdalene M., additional, Gilet, Connie A., additional, Ge, Renee, additional, Li, Quefeng, additional, and Flythe, Jennifer E., additional
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- 2024
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27. Real-Time Transferrin-Based PET Detects MYC-Positive Prostate Cancer
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Aggarwal, Rahul, Behr, Spencer C, Paris, Pamela L, Truillet, Charles, Parker, Matthew FL, Huynh, Loc T, Wei, Junnian, Hann, Byron, Youngren, Jack, Huang, Jiaoti, Premasekharan, Gayatri, Ranatunga, Nimna, Chang, Emily, Gao, Kenneth T, Ryan, Charles J, Small, Eric J, and Evans, Michael J
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Urologic Diseases ,Prostate Cancer ,Prevention ,Cancer ,Good Health and Well Being ,Genes ,myc ,Humans ,Male ,Positron-Emission Tomography ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Transferrin ,Developmental Biology ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,Biochemistry and cell biology ,Oncology and carcinogenesis - Abstract
Noninvasive biomarkers that detect the activity of important oncogenic drivers could significantly improve cancer diagnosis and management of treatment. The goal of this study was to determine whether 68Ga-citrate (which avidly binds to circulating transferrin) can detect MYC-positive prostate cancer tumors, as the transferrin receptor is a direct MYC target gene. PET imaging paired with 68Ga-citrate and molecular analysis of preclinical models, human cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and clinical biopsies were conducted to determine whether 68Ga-citrate can detect MYC-positive prostate cancer. Importantly, 68Ga-citrate detected human prostate cancer models in a MYC-dependent fashion. In patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer, analysis of cfDNA revealed that all patients with 68Ga-citrate avid tumors had a gain of at least one MYC copy number. Moreover, biopsy of two PET avid metastases showed molecular or histologic features characteristic of MYC hyperactivity. These data demonstrate that 68Ga-citrate targets prostate cancer tumors with MYC hyperactivity. A larger prospective study is ongoing to demonstrate the specificity of 68Ga-citrate for tumors with hyperactive MYC.Implications: Noninvasive measurement of MYC activity with quantitative imaging modalities could substantially increase our understanding of the role of MYC signaling in clinical settings for which invasive techniques are challenging to implement or do not characterize the biology of all tumors in a patient. Moreover, measuring MYC activity noninvasively opens the opportunity to study changes in MYC signaling in patients under targeted therapeutic conditions thought to indirectly inhibit MYC. Mol Cancer Res; 15(9); 1221-9. ©2017 AACR.
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- 2017
28. Immune Response and Mortality Risk Relate to Distinct Lung Microbiomes in Patients with HIV and Pneumonia
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Shenoy, Meera K, Iwai, Shoko, Lin, Din L, Worodria, William, Ayakaka, Irene, Byanyima, Patrick, Kaswabuli, Sylvia, Fong, Serena, Stone, Stephen, Chang, Emily, Davis, J Lucian, Faruqi, Ali Ahmad, Segal, Mark R, Huang, Laurence, and Lynch, Susan V
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Pneumonia ,Lung ,HIV/AIDS ,Genetics ,Prevention ,Infectious Diseases ,Pneumonia & Influenza ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ,Coinfection ,Female ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Male ,Microbiota ,Pneumonia ,Bacterial ,RNA ,Ribosomal ,16S ,Risk Factors ,HIV ,microbiota ,pneumonia ,immune response ,mortality ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Respiratory System - Abstract
RationaleThe potential role of the airway microbiota in dictating immune responses and infection outcomes in HIV-associated pneumonia is largely unknown.ObjectivesTo investigate whether microbiologically and immunologically distinct subsets of patients with HIV and pneumonia exist and are related to mortality.MethodsBronchoalveolar lavage samples from Ugandan patients with HIV and pneumonia (n = 182) were obtained at study enrollment (following antibiotic treatment); patient demographics including 8- and 70-day mortality were collected. Lower airway bacterial community composition was assessed via amplification and sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Host immune response gene expression profiles were generated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction using RNA extracted from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Liquid and gas chromatography mass spectrometry was used to profile serum metabolites.Measurements and main resultsBased on airway microbiome composition, most patients segregated into three distinct groups, each of which were predicted to encode metagenomes capable of producing metabolites characteristically enriched in paired serum samples from these patients. These three groups also exhibited differences in mortality; those with the highest rate had increased ceftriaxone administration and culturable Aspergillus, and demonstrated significantly increased induction of airway T-helper cell type 2 responses. The group with the lowest mortality was characterized by increased expression of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3, which down-regulates T-helper cell type 1 proinflammatory responses and is associated with chronic viral infection.ConclusionsThese data provide evidence that compositionally and structurally distinct lower airway microbiomes are associated with discrete local host immune responses, peripheral metabolic reprogramming, and different rates of mortality.
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- 2017
29. Effects of clinical and environmental factors on bronchoalveolar antibody responses to Pneumocystis jirovecii: A prospective cohort study of HIV+ patients
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Blount, Robert J, Daly, Kieran R, Fong, Serena, Chang, Emily, Grieco, Katherine, Greene, Meredith, Stone, Stephen, Balmes, John, Miller, Robert F, Walzer, Peter D, and Huang, Laurence
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Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,HIV/AIDS ,Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions ,Pneumonia ,Infectious Diseases ,Pneumonia & Influenza ,Lung ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,Adult ,Air Pollutants ,Antibody Formation ,Bronchi ,Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ,Environment ,Environmental Exposure ,Female ,Fungal Proteins ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Immunoglobulin A ,Male ,Membrane Glycoproteins ,Middle Aged ,Pneumocystis carinii ,Pneumonia ,Pneumocystis ,Prospective Studies ,Pulmonary Alveoli ,Treatment Outcome ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
BackgroundHumoral immunity plays an important role against Pneumocystis jirovecii infection, yet clinical and environmental factors that impact bronchoalveolar antibody responses to P. jirovecii remain uncertain.MethodsFrom October 2008-December 2011 we enrolled consecutive HIV-infected adults admitted to San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH) who underwent bronchoscopy for suspected Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). We used local air quality monitoring data to assign ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and fine particulate matter exposures within 14 days prior to hospital admission. We quantified serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) antibody responses to P. jirovecii major surface glycoprotein (Msg) recombinant constructs using ELISA. We then fit linear regression models to determine whether PCP and ambient air pollutants were associated with bronchoalveolar antibody responses to Msg.ResultsOf 81 HIV-infected patients enrolled, 47 (58%) were diagnosed with current PCP and 9 (11%) had a prior history of PCP. The median CD4+ count was 51 cells/μl (IQR 15-129) and 44% were current smokers. Serum antibody responses to Msg were statistically significantly predictive of BALF antibody responses, with the exception of IgG responses to MsgC8 and MsgC9. Prior PCP was associated with increased BALF IgA responses to Msg and current PCP was associated with decreased IgA responses. For instance, among patients without current PCP, those with prior PCP had a median 73.2 U (IQR 19.2-169) IgA response to MsgC1 compared to a 5.00 U (3.52-12.6) response among those without prior PCP. Additionally, current PCP predicted a 22.5 U (95%CI -39.2, -5.82) lower IgA response to MsgC1. Ambient ozone within the two weeks prior to hospital admission was associated with decreased BALF IgA responses to Msg while nitrogen dioxide was associated with increased IgA responses.ConclusionsPCP and ambient air pollutants were associated with BALF IgA responses to P. jirovecii in HIV-infected patients evaluated for suspected PCP.
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- 2017
30. Evaluation of antibody responses to panels of M. tuberculosis antigens as a screening tool for active tuberculosis in Uganda.
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Shete, Priya B, Ravindran, Resmi, Chang, Emily, Worodria, William, Chaisson, Lelia H, Andama, Alfred, Davis, J Lucian, Luciw, Paul A, Huang, Laurence, Khan, Imran H, and Cattamanchi, Adithya
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Humans ,Tuberculosis ,Recombinant Proteins ,Antibodies ,Bacterial ,Antigens ,Bacterial ,Immunoassay ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Algorithms ,Adult ,Middle Aged ,Uganda ,Female ,Male ,Antibodies ,Bacterial ,Antigens ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
BackgroundImproved systematic screening of high-risk groups is a key component of the tuberculosis (TB) elimination strategy endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO). We used a multiplex microbead immunoassay to measure antibody responses to 28 M. tuberculosis (M.tb) antigens, and assessed whether combinations of antibody responses achieve accuracy thresholds required for a TB screening test.MethodsA random selection of plasma samples obtained from consecutive HIV-negative adults who were admitted to Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda with cough ≥2 weeks' but 90%, specificity remained close to 70% with as few as 3 antigens included in the panels.ConclusionsMeasuring antibody responses to combinations of antigens could facilitate TB screening and should be further evaluated in populations being targeted for systematic screening.
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- 2017
31. A novel OCT signature in leukemic papillopathy masquerading as autoimmune or infectious uveitis
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Miller, Jason M. L., Chang, Emily, Besirli, Cagri G., Johnson, Mark W., and Demirci, Hakan
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- 2021
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32. A Feasibility Study Showing [68Ga]Citrate PET Detects Prostate Cancer
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Behr, Spencer C, Aggarwal, Rahul, Seo, Youngho, Aparici, Carina M, Chang, Emily, Gao, Kenneth T, Tao, Dora H, Small, Eric J, and Evans, Michael J
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Radiation Oncology ,Health Disparities ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Bioengineering ,Urologic Diseases ,Prostate Cancer ,Biomedical Imaging ,Clinical Research ,Minority Health ,Aging ,Cancer ,4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies ,Aged ,Bone Neoplasms ,Citric Acid ,Feasibility Studies ,Gallium Radioisotopes ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Positron-Emission Tomography ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Prostate cancer ,Positron emission tomography ,[Ga-68]citrate ,PET/MR ,MYC ,mTORC1 ,[68Ga]citrate ,Physiology ,Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
PurposeThe management of advanced or recurrent prostate cancer is limited in part by the lack of effective imaging agents. Metabolic changes in prostate cancer have previously been exploited for imaging, culminating in the recent US FDA approval of [11C]choline for the detection of subclinical recurrent disease after definitive local therapy. Despite this milestone, production of [11C]choline requires an on-site cyclotron, limiting the scope of medical centers at which this scan can be offered. In this pilot study, we tested whether prostate cancer could be imaged with positron emission tomography (PET) using [68Ga]citrate, a radiotracer that targets iron metabolism but is produced without a cyclotron.ProceduresEight patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer were enrolled in this single-center feasibility study. All patients had evidence of metastatic disease by standard of care imaging [X-ray computed tomography (CT), bone scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] prior to PET with [68Ga]citrate. Patients were intravenously injected with increasing doses of [68Ga]citrate (136.9 to a maximum of 259 MBq). Uptake time was steadily increased from 1 h to approximately 3.5 h for the final 4 patients, and all patients were imaged with a PET/MRI. Qualitative and semi-quantitative (maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax)) assessment of the metastatic lesions was performed and compared to the standard of care imaging.ResultsAt 1- and 2-h imaging times post injection, there were no detectable lesions with [68Ga]citrate PET. At 3- to 4-h uptake time, there were a total of 71 [68Ga]citrate-positive lesions (67 osseous, 1 liver, and 3 lymph node). Of these, 65 lesions were visible on the standard of care imaging (CT and/or bone scan). One PET-avid osseous vertebral body metastasis was not apparent on either CT or bone scan. Twenty-five lesions were not PET-avid but seen on CT and bone scan (17 bone, 6 lymph node, 1 pleural, and 1 liver). The average of the maximum SUVs for bone or soft tissue metastases for patients treated at higher doses and uptake time was statistically higher than the corresponding parameter in normal liver, muscle, and bone. Visually obvious blood pool activity was observed even 3-4 h post injection, suggesting that further optimization of the [68Ga]citrate imaging protocol is required to maximize signal-to-background ratios.ConclusionsOur preliminary results support that PET with [68Ga]citrate may be a novel tool for imaging prostate cancer. Future studies are needed to determine the optimal imaging protocol, the clinical significance of [68Ga]citrate uptake, and its role in therapeutic decisions.
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- 2016
33. Modulation of the Association Between Age and Death by Risk Factor Burden in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19
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Sunderraj, Ashwin, Cho, Chloe, Cai, Xuan, Gupta, Shruti, Mehta, Rupal, Isakova, Tamara, Leaf, David E., Srivastava, Anand, Walther, Carl P., Anumudu, Samaya J., Arunthamakun, Justin, Kopecky, Kathleen F., Milligan, Gregory P., McCullough, Peter A., Nguyen, Thuy-Duyen, Shaefi, Shahzad, Krajewski, Megan L., Shankar, Sidharth, Pannu, Ameeka, Valencia, Juan D., Waikar, Sushrut S., Kibbelaar, Zoe A., Athavale, Ambarish M., Hart, Peter, Upadhyay, Shristi, Vohra, Ishaan, Oyintayo, Ajiboye, Green, Adam, Rachoin, Jean-Sebastien, Schorr, Christa A., Shea, Lisa, Edmonston, Daniel L., Mosher, Christopher L., Shehata, Alexandre M., Cohen, Zaza, Allusson, Valerie, Bambrick-Santoyo, Gabriela, Bhatti, Noor ul aain, Mehta, Bijal, Williams, Aquino, Brenner, Samantha K., Walters, Patricia, Go, Ronaldo C., Rose, Keith M., Hernán, Miguel A., Zhou, Amy M., Kim, Ethan C., Lisk, Rebecca, Chan, Lili, Mathews, Kusum S., Coca, Steven G., Altman, Deena R., Saha, Aparna, Soh, Howard, Hsun Wen, Huei, Bose, Sonali, Leven, Emily A., Wang, Jing G., Mosoyan, Gohar, Nadkarni, Girish N., Pattharanitima, Pattharawin, Gallagher, Emily J., Friedman, Allon N., Guirguis, John, Kapoor, Rajat, Meshberger, Christopher, Kelly, Katherine J., Parikh, Chirag R., Garibaldi, Brian T., Corona-Villalobos, Celia P., Wen, Yumeng, Menez, Steven, Malik, Rubab F., Elena Cervantes, Carmen, Gautam, Samir C., Mallappallil, Mary C., Ouyang, Jie, John, Sabu, Yap, Ernie, Melaku, Yohannes, Mohamed, Ibrahim, Bajracharya, Siddhartha, Puri, Isha, Thaxton, Mariah, Bhattacharya, Jyotsna, Wagner, John, Boudourakis, Leon, Bryant Nguyen, H., Ahoubim, Afshin, Thomas, Leslie F., Sirganagari, Dheeraj Reddy, Guru, Pramod K., Kashani, Kianoush, Tehranian, Shahrzad, Zhou, Yan, Bergl, Paul A., Rodriguez, Jesus, Shah, Jatan A., Gupta, Mrigank S., Kumar, Princy N., Lazarous, Deepa G., Kassaye, Seble G., Melamed, Michal L., Johns, Tanya S., Mocerino, Ryan, Prudhvi, Kalyan, Zhu, Denzel, Levy, Rebecca V., Azzi, Yorg, Fisher, Molly, Yunes, Milagros, Sedaliu, Kaltrina, Golestaneh, Ladan, Brogan, Maureen, Kumar, Neelja, Chang, Michael, Thakkar, Jyotsana, Raichoudhury, Ritesh, Athreya, Akshay, Farag, Mohamed, Schenck, Edward J., Cho, Soo Jung, Plataki, Maria, Alvarez-Mulett, Sergio L., Gomez-Escobar, Luis G., Pan, Di, Lee, Stefi, Krishnan, Jamuna, Whalen, William, Charytan, David, Macina, Ashley, Chaudhry, Sobaata, Wu, Benjamin, Modersitzki, Frank, Srivastava, Anand, Leidner, Alexander S., Martinez, Carlos, Kruser, Jacqueline M., Wunderink, Richard G., Hodakowski, Alexander J., Velez, Juan Carlos Q., Price-Haywood, Eboni G., Matute-Trochez, Luis A., Hasty, Anna E., Mohamed, Muner MB., Avasare, Rupali S., Zonies, David, Leaf, David E., Gupta, Shruti, Sise, Meghan E., Newman, Erik T., Abu Omar, Samah, Pokharel, Kapil K., Sharma, Shreyak, Singh, Harkarandeep, Correa, Simon, Shaukat, Tanveer, Kamal, Omer, Wang, Wei, Yang, Heather, Boateng, Jeffery O., Lee, Meghan, Strohbehn, Ian A., Li, Jiahua, Mueller, Ariel L., Redfern, Roberta E., Cairl, Nicholas S., Naimy, Gabriel, Abu-Saif, Abeer, Hall, Danyell, Bickley, Laura, Rowan, Chris, Madhani-Lovely, Farah, Cruz, Vivian S., Hess, Kristen M., Jacobs, Alanna L., Peev, Vasil, Reiser, Jochen, Byun, John J., Vissing, Andrew, Kapania, Esha M., Post, Zoe, Patel, Nilam P., Hermes, Joy-Marie, Sutherland, Anne K., Patrawalla, Amee, Finkel, Diana G., Danek, Barbara A., Arikapudi, Sowminya, Paer, Jeffrey M., Cangialosi, Peter, Liotta, Mark, Radbel, Jared, Puri, Sonika, Sunderram, Jag, Scharf, Matthew T., Ahmed, Ayesha, Berim, Ilya, Vatson, Jayanth S., Anand, Shuchi, Levitt, Joseph E., Garcia, Pablo, Boyle, Suzanne M., Song, Rui, Zhang, Jingjing, Hoon Woo, Sang, Deng, Xiaoying, Katz-Greenberg, Goni, Senter, Katharine, Sharshir, Moh’d A., Rusnak, Vadym V., Ali, Muhammad Imran, Bansal, Anip, Podoll, Amber S., Chonchol, Michel, Sharma, Sunita, Burnham, Ellen L., Douin, David J., Rashidi, Arash, Hejal, Rana, Judd, Eric, Latta, Laura, Tolwani, Ashita, Albertson, Timothy E., Adams, Jason Y., Chang, Steven Y., Beutler, Rebecca M., Schulze, Carl E., Macedo, Etienne, Rhee, Harin, Liu, Kathleen D., Jotwani, Vasantha K., Koyner, Jay L., Shah, Chintan V., Jaikaransingh, Vishal, Toth-Manikowski, Stephanie M., Joo, Min J., Lash, James P., Neyra, Javier A., Chaaban, Nourhan, Elias, Madona, Ahmad, Yahya, Iardino, Alfredo, Au, Elizabeth H., Sharma, Jill H., Anne Sosa, Marie, Taldone, Sabrina, Contreras, Gabriel, De La Zerda, David, Gershengorn, Hayley B., Shukla, Bhavarth, Fornoni, Alessia, Ferreira, Tanira, Hayek, Salim S., Blakely, Pennelope, Berlin, Hanna, Azam, Tariq U., Shadid, Husam, Pan, Michael, O’ Hayer, Patrick, Meloche, Chelsea, Feroze, Rafey, Kaakati, Rayan, Perry, Danny, Bitar, Abbas, Anderson, Elizabeth, Padalia, Kishan J., Donnelly, John P., Admon, Andrew J., Flythe, Jennifer E., Tugman, Matthew J., Chang, Emily H., Brown, Brent R., Leonberg-Yoo, Amanda K., Spiardi, Ryan C., Miano, Todd A., Roche, Meaghan S., Vasquez, Charles R., Bansal, Amar D., Ernecoff, Natalie C., Kapoor, Sanjana, Verma, Siddharth, Chen, Huiwen, Kovesdy, Csaba P., Molnar, Miklos Z., Azhar, Ambreen, Susan Hedayati, S., Nadamuni, Mridula V., Shastri, Shani, Willett, Duwayne L., Short, Samuel A.P., Renaghan, Amanda D., Enfield, Kyle B., Bhatraju, Pavan K., Bilal Malik, A., Semler, Matthew W., Vijayan, Anitha, Mariyam Joy, Christina, Li, Tingting, Goldberg, Seth, Kao, Patricia F., Schumaker, Greg L., Goyal, Nitender, Faugno, Anthony J., Schumaker, Greg L., Hsu, Caroline M., Tariq, Asma, Meyer, Leah, Kshirsagar, Ravi K., Weiner, Daniel E., Jose, Aju, Christov, Marta, Griffiths, Jennifer, Gupta, Sanjeev, Kapoor, Aromma, Wilson, Perry, Arora, Tanima, and Ugwuowo, Ugochukwu
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- 2022
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34. Deficiency of optineurin enhances osteoclast differentiation by attenuating the NRF2-mediated antioxidant response
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Xue, Peng, Hu, Xiangxiang, Chang, Emily, Wang, Lufei, Chen, Minghui, Wu, Tai-Hsien, Lee, Dong-Joon, Foster, Brian L., Tseng, Henry C., and Ko, Ching-Chang
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- 2021
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35. Uveal Melanoma: A Review of Prognostic Factors for Metastases
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Chang, Emily and Demirci, Hakan
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- 2021
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36. Palliative Care of Pediatric Populations
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Drake, Ross, Chang, Emily, MacLeod, Roderick Duncan, editor, and Van den Block, Lieve, editor
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- 2019
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37. Characterizing a new clinical phenotype: the co-existence of cerebral venous outflow and connective tissue disorders
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Midtlien, Jackson P., primary, Curry, Brian P., additional, Chang, Emily, additional, Kiritsis, Nicholas R., additional, Aldridge, Jennifer B., additional, and Fargen, Kyle M., additional
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- 2024
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38. Adolescent Kidney Outcomes after Extremely Preterm Birth and Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury: There May be More to the Story
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Lupo, Ryan, additional, Chang, Emily, additional, Bjornstad, Erica C., additional, O'Shea, T Michael, additional, and Sanderson, Keia R., additional
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- 2024
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39. Impaired salivary SIgA antibodies elicit oral dysbiosis and subsequent induction of alveolar bone loss
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Chang, Emily, Kobayashi, Ryoki, Fujihashi, Kohtaro, Komiya, Masamichi, and Kurita-Ochiai, Tomoko
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- 2021
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40. HIV Infection Is Associated with Shortened Telomere Length in Ugandans with Suspected Tuberculosis
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Auld, Elizabeth, Lin, Jue, Chang, Emily, Byanyima, Patrick, Ayakaka, Irene, Musisi, Emmanuel, Worodria, William, Davis, J Lucian, Segal, Mark, Blackburn, Elizabeth, and Huang, Laurence
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Infectious Diseases ,Tuberculosis ,Lung ,Aging ,Clinical Research ,Rare Diseases ,HIV/AIDS ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
IntroductionHIV infection is a risk factor for opportunistic pneumonias such as tuberculosis (TB) and for age-associated health complications. Short telomeres, markers of biological aging, are also associated with an increased risk of age-associated diseases and mortality. Our goals were to use a single cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals hospitalized with pneumonia to assess whether shortened telomere length was associated with HIV infection, TB diagnosis, and 2-month mortality.MethodsThis was a sub-study of the IHOP Study, a prospective observational study. Participants consisted of 184 adults admitted to Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda who underwent evaluation for suspected TB and were followed for 2 months. Standardized questionnaires were administered to collect demographic and clinical data. PBMCs were isolated and analyzed using quantitative PCR to determine telomere length. The association between HIV infection, demographic and clinical characteristics, and telomere length was assessed, as were the associations between telomere length, TB diagnosis and 2-month mortality. Variables with a P≤0.2 in bivariate analysis were included in multivariate models.ResultsNo significant demographic or clinical differences were observed between the HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected subjects. Older age (P
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- 2016
41. Rational Development of a Small-Molecule Activator of CK1γ2 That Decreases C99 and Beta-Amyloid Levels
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Bustos, Victor Hugo, primary, Sunkari, Yashoda Krishna, additional, Sinha, Anjana, additional, Pulina, Maria, additional, Bispo, Ashley, additional, Hopkins, Maya, additional, Lam, Alison, additional, Kriegsman, Sydney F., additional, Mui, Emily, additional, Chang, Emily, additional, Jedlicki, Ana, additional, Rosenthal, Hannah, additional, Flajolet, Marc, additional, and Sinha, Subhash C., additional
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- 2023
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42. Association of temporary Environmental Protection Agency regulation suspension with industrial economic viability and local air quality in California, United States
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Chang, Emily, Zhang, Kenneth, Paczkowski, Margaret, Kohler, Sara, and Ribeiro, Marco
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- 2021
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43. Use of Oropharyngeal Washes to Diagnose and Genotype Pneumocystis jirovecii
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Juliano, Jonathan J, Barnett, Eric, Parobek, Christian M, Taylor, Steve M, Meshnick, Steven R, Stone, Stephen, Chang, Emily, Fong, Serena, and Huang, Laurence
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Infectious Diseases ,Genetics ,Lung ,Pneumonia & Influenza ,Pneumonia ,Clinical Research ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies ,4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies ,Infection ,microsatellite ,molecular epidemiology ,pneumocystis ,real-time PCR - Abstract
Pneumocystis jirovecii is a symbiotic respiratory fungus that presents in 2 clinical forms: pneumonia in immunocompromised patients or colonization, defined by the presence of the organism without associated clinical symptoms. Currently, diagnosis requires invasive bronchoscopy, which may not be available in some settings and is inappropriate for detecting colonization in healthy individuals. Noninvasive diagnostic techniques and molecular strain typing tools that can be used on these samples are critical for conducting studies to better understand transmission. We evaluated 2 real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting dihydropteroate synthase and the major surface glycoprotein for detection in 77 oropharyngeal washes (OPWs) from 43 symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients who underwent bronchoscopy. We also evaluated the ability of a new microsatellite (MS) genotyping panel to strain type infections from these samples. Each PCR used individually provided a high sensitivity (>80%) for detection of pneumonia but a modest specificity (
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- 2015
44. In Reply to “Pulse of Prudence: Navigating Isolated Lung Ultrasound in Hemodialysis Patients”
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Chang, Emily H. and Flythe, Jennifer E.
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- 2024
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45. Histological and blood chemistry examination of the rodent kidney after exposure to flash-replenishment ultrasound contrast imaging
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Nyankima, A. Gloria, Kasoji, Sandeep, Cianciolo, Rachel, Dayton, Paul A., and Chang, Emily H.
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- 2019
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46. Vortex Rings from Sphagnum Moss Capsules
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Chang, Emily S., Edwards, Joan, Cha, Jung Ha, Strassman, Sam, Hard, Clara, and Whitaker, Dwight L.
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Physics - Fluid Dynamics ,Physics - Biological Physics - Abstract
Long distance wind dispersal requires small spores with low terminal velocities, which can be held aloft by turbulent air currents until they are deposited in suitable habitats for colonization. The inherent difficulty in dispersing spores by wind is that spores easily carried by wind are also rapidly decelerated when moving through still air. Thus the height of spore release is critical in determining their range of dispersal. Vascular plants with wind dispersed spores use the height of the plant to lift spores into sufficient wind currents for dispersal, however non-vascular plants such as Sphagnum cannot grow sufficiently tall. These fluid dynamics videos show how exploding capsules of {\em Sphagnum} moss generate vortex rings to carry spores to heights above 10 cm with an initial velocity of 16 m s$^{-1}$. In contrast spores launched ballistically at these speeds through still air would travel only 2-7 mm., Comment: includes videos. Submitted for the APS DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion 2010
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- 2010
47. The Performance of Flash Replenishment Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for the Qualitative Assessment of Kidney Lesions in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
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Walmer, Rachel W., primary, Ritter, Victor S., additional, Sridharan, Anush, additional, Kasoji, Sandeep K., additional, Altun, Ersan, additional, Lee, Ellie, additional, Olinger, Kristen, additional, Wagner, Sean, additional, Radhakrishna, Roshni, additional, Johnson, Kennita A., additional, Rathmell, W. Kimryn, additional, Qaqish, Bahjat, additional, Dayton, Paul A., additional, and Chang, Emily H., additional
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- 2023
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48. Subtle imaging signs of sigmoid sinus thrombosis in otitis media (“otitic hydrocephalus”)
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Maiz, Alejandra M., primary, Chang, Emily, additional, Deveney, Tatiana K., additional, Kim, John, additional, and Trobe, Jonathan D., additional
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- 2023
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49. Genetic Aspects of Conjunctival Melanoma: A Review
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Chang, Emily, primary, Demirci, Hakan, additional, and Demirci, F. Yesim, additional
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- 2023
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50. Clinical Variables Associated With Overall Survival in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With Sipuleucel-T Immunotherapy
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Wei, Xiao X., Perry, Jaselle, Chang, Emily, Zhang, Li, Hiatt, Robert A., Ryan, Charles J., Small, Eric J., and Fong, Lawrence
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- 2018
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