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Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most prevalent microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, and photoacoustic imaging is an effective method for imaging diabetic retinal vessels. Photoacoustic imaging is an emerging noninvasive imaging method based on the photoacoustic effect, which offers advantages of contrast, resolution, and depth imaging. Appropriate photoacoustic reconstruction methods are essential for obtaining high‐quality photoacoustic images. In this study, a multi‐input self‐attention multiscale feature fusion network (SAMF‐Net) is proposed for photoacoustic reconstruction. The algorithm accepts two inputs, namely the original photoacoustic signal and the traditional reconstructed image. Furthermore, a global feature extraction module based on the self‐attention mechanism is employed to focus on the global information. The results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits superior reconstruction capability under different sparse detection views. The method has instructive value for photoacoustic image reconstruction and has the potential for further application in the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the antibacterial efficacy of 700 feline-derived lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), a common cause of diarrhea in cats. Following comprehensive screening, strains ZY25 and ZY35 were identified as the most effective, with inhibition zones of ≥22 mm. These strains demonstrated strong tolerance against stress conditions, such as low pH, bile salts, and gastrointestinal fluids, alongside high hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation abilities. Safety evaluations confirmed the absence of hemolytic activity, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance genes. The antibacterial activity of these strains is attributed to the production of organic acids, particularly lactic acid and acetic acid. These findings suggest that strains ZY25 and ZY35 have potential as natural and effective probiotic treatments for managing EPEC-induced diarrhea in cats, thus offering an alternative to conventional antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastrointestinal (GI) afflictions are prevalent among the feline population, wherein the intricacies of the gut microbiome exert a profound influence on their overall health. Alterations within this microbial consortium can precipitate a cascade of physiological changes, notably in immune function and antioxidant capacity. This research investigated the impact of Bifidobacterium lactis (B. lactis) and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) on cats' GI health, exploring the effects of probiotic supplementation on the intestinal ecosystem using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The findings demonstrated a significant improvement in gut barrier function by reducing plasma concentrations of D-lactate (D-LA) by 30.38% and diamine oxidase (DAO) by 22.68%, while increasing the population of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus. There was a notable 25% increase in immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, evidenced by increases of 19.13% in catalase (CAT), 23.94% in superoxide dismutase (SOD), and 21.81% in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Further analysis revealed positive correlations between Lactobacillus abundance and IgA, CAT, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels. These correlations indicate that B. lactis and L. plantarum enhance feline immune and antioxidant functions by increasing the abundance of beneficial Lactobacillus in the GI tract. These findings provide a foundation for probiotic interventions aimed at enhancing health and disease resistance in feline populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The correction notice for the article "Antibacterial Efficacy of Feline-Derived Lactic Acid Bacteria against Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli" in Fermentation journal addresses missing paragraphs in the original publication. The corrected sections highlight the antibacterial activity of Ligilactobacillus agilis ZY25 and Ligilactobacillus salivarius ZY35, emphasizing their potential as probiotics for poultry and swine production. The authors affirm that the scientific conclusions remain unchanged, and the correction was approved by the Academic Editor. [Extracted from the article]

Immune deficiency is a prevalent issue among kittens, severely threatening their health and development by increasing susceptibility to infections and diseases. This study investigates the effects of dietary supplements containing lactoferrin and Lactobacillus plantarum ( L. plantarum ) on the immune function, intestinal health, and microbiota composition of kittens. The results demonstrate that these supplements significantly enhance immune responses, with immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels increasing by 14.9% and IgG levels by 14.2%. Additionally, there was a notable 28.7% increase in catalase activity, indicating a reduction in oxidative stress. Gastrointestinal (GI) health improved markedly, evidenced by increased populations of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus , which rose from 4.13% to 79.03% over the study period. The DNC group also showed significant reductions in pro-inflammatory cytokines, including decreases of 13.94% in IL-2, 26.46% in TNF-α, and 19.45% in IFN-γ levels. Furthermore, improvements in physical conditions were observed, including enhanced coat condition and mental status. These findings underline the potential of lactoferrin and L. plantarum as effective dietary interventions to improve kitten health, thereby reducing dependency on antibiotics and mitigating associated risks. This research provides a scientific foundation for optimizing nutritional management practices to enhance the overall vitality of kittens during their critical growth phases.