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The buried interface in the perovskite solar cell (PSC) has been regarded as a breakthrough to boost the power conversion efficiency and stability. However, a comprehensive manipulation of the buried interface in terms of the transport layer, buried interlayer, and perovskite layer has been largely overlooked. Herein, we propose the use of a volatile heterocyclic compound called 2‐thiopheneacetic acid (TPA) as a pre‐buried additive in the buried interface to achieve cross‐layer all‐interface defect passivation through an in situ bottom‐up infiltration diffusion strategy. TPA not only suppresses the serious interfacial nonradiative recombination losses by precisely healing the interfacial and underlying defects but also effectively enhances the quality of perovskite film and releases the residual strain of perovskite film. Owing to this versatility, TPA‐tailored CsPbBr3 PSCs deliver a record efficiency of 11.23% with enhanced long‐term stability. This breakthrough in manipulating the buried interface using TPA opens new avenues for further improving the performance and reliability of PSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the changes of experimental markers of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated by Dahuang Zhechong Wan combined with adefovir dipivoxil., Method: Ninty and four cases of chronic viral hepatitis B patients were randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group (50 cases) was orally given 10 mg of adefovir dipivoxil once a day, 1 Wan each time, combined with Dahuang Zhechong Wan, 3 times a day, 1 Wan each time. And the control group (44 cases) was treated with adefovir dipivoxil alone, 6 months as a course., Result: Both the difference of liver fibrosis indexes between the treatment group and the control group and before and after the treatment in the treatment group had statistical significance (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Both the difference of experimental markers such as ALT, AST, GGT, TBIL between the treatment group and the control group and before and after the treatment in the treatment group had statistical significance (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Dahuang Zhechong Wan combined with adefovir dipivoxil could prevent hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B, reduce the incidence of liver cirrhosis, improve life quality and prognosis.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of decoction of turtle shell for anti-fibrosis combined with stronger neo-minophagen C on the indices of hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B., Method: The 94 cases of chronic viral hepatitis B patients were randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group was treated with stronger neo-minophagen C 100 mL dissolved in 10% dextrose 250 ml once a day intravenously, combined with decoction of turtle shell for anti-fibrosis one powder daily. And the control group was treated with stronger neo-minophagen C alone, 3 months as a course. Liver fibrosis indexes and liver function index were tested for two groups of patients before and after the treatment., Result: Both the difference of liver fibrosis indexes between the treatment group and the control group and before and after the treatment in the treatment group had statistical significance (P < 0.01). Both the difference of liver function index between the treatment group and the control group and before and after the treatment in the treatment group had statistical significance (P < 0.01). The basic cure rate and total effective rate were 40% and 84.0% in the treatment group and 27.27% and 86.18% in the control group respectively with significant difference. The treatment group was superior to control group in the mean size of diameter of portal vein and the thickness of spleen (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Decoction of turtle shell for anti-fibrosis combined with stronger neo-minophagen C could significantly improve the clinical efficacy and the liver fibrosis indexes and liver function index in chronic hepatitis B.

Objective: To observe the clinical curative effects of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) postoperative fracture treated by maixuekang capsule and low molecular heparin calcium (Subilin)., Method: From Feb 2008 to Apr 2010, 214 cases of lower extremity DVT postoperative fracture were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The 107 cases of them were treated by maixuekang capsule based on the comprehensive treatment., Result: The 89 cases were cured and improved in the observation group, but 18 cases were ineffectiveness. The 66 cases were cured and improved in the control group, but 41 cases were ineffectiveness. Maixuekang capsule group had 83. 18% (89/107) total effective rate and 61.68% (66/107) total effective rate in the control group. There was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). After the treatment, the perimeter between the suffered limb and the healthy one was significantly reduced, the blood rheology examination had been improved significantly. There was also significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Maixuekang capsule for lower extremity deep vein thrombasis has good effect It has both thrombolytic and anticoagulant effects for lower extremity DVT postoperative fracture treated by maixuekang capsule and low molecular heparin calcium (Subilin). It's a recommended treatment.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects of Sheshiliuhuang decoction on clinical outcomes and cytokines in patients with urinary tract infection (UTI)., Method: Ninety-two (92) patients were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, the treatment group (n = 47) administered with Sheshiliuhuang decoction, one prescription, 2 times a day, while patients in the control group (n = 45) were given Sanjin pills, 3 pills a time, 3 times a day. The treatment lasted for 7 days. Clinical outcomes and serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8 in both groups were examined before and after the treatment., Result: The clinical effective rate was 93.62% in the treatment group and 88.22% the control group, indicating a significant difference of P < 0.05. Before the treatment, the serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8 of treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). At the end of the treatment, serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in the treatment group were significantly decreased compared with the before treatment (P < 0.01) and those did in the control group (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Serum cytokines of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were significantly increased in patients with UTI. Sheshiliuhuang decoction, with the mechanisms of regulating IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, is an effective agent in patients with UTI.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects of Sanwushaoxie decoction on alternations of serum cytokines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)., Method: Sixty-three (63) RA patients were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, with the treatment group administered with Sanwushaoxie decoction, one prescription, 2 times a day, while patients in the control group were given Common Threewingnut Root polyglycoside 20 mg a time, 3 times a day. The treatment was lasted for 60 days. Serum concentrations of IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL-10 were observed during the treatment., Result: The clinical effecacy and the experimental indexes were significantly improved in the treatment group than those did in the control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). There were significant differences of serum levels of 4 cytokines within the treatment group before and after the treatment (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The serum levels of IL-4, IL-10 were significantly increased in treatment group compared with those did in the control group (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Sanwushaoxie decoction is an effective agent in regulating cytokines, improving symptoms and experimental indexes in patients with RA.