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The redox activities of polyaniline (PANI) are hindered by the instability of pernigraniline salt (PS) state which degrades into oligo‐aniline. In this work, the use of protic additives is examined to mitigate capacity fading and increase utilization of PANI in nonaqueous electrolytes. The protic additive propylene glycol, with its hydrogen‐bonding capabilities, stabilizes the PS PANI and promotes reversible redox reactions, facilitating high capacity and an extended cycle lifetime for applications in metal ion supercapacitors. The use of this protic nonaqueous electrolyte in a PANI–zinc device results in an energy density of 255 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1.8 kW kg−1 and a robust cycle lifetime of 3,850 charge/discharge cycles. The PANI at a high current density of 6.5 mA cm−2 reaches a capacity of 257 mAh g−1, equivalent to 87% of the its theoretical capacity, showcasing the effectiveness of the protic additive in improving both capacity and cycle life in electrochemical supercapacitors.

The digital transformation of various systems has brought great convenience to our daily lives, but it has also increased the level of cyberattacks. As the number of cyberattacks has increased, so has the number of reports analyzing them, MITRE publishes the ATT&CK Matrix which analyzes the tactics and techniques of attacks based on real-world examples. As the flow of attacks has become more understandable through TTP information, researchers have been using it with deep learning models to detect or predict attacks, which makes embedding essential to train the model. In previous studies on embedding TTPs, embedding is limited to simple statistical methods such as one-hot encoding and TF-IDF. Such methods do not consider the order of TTPs and the conceptual similarity between TTPs, therefore do not capture the rich information that TTPs contain. In this paper, we propose embedding TTP with GloVe, a method using a co-occurrence matrix. To properly evaluate the semantic embedding performance of TTP, we also propose a measurement called Tactic Match Rate (TMR). In the experimental results, 8 out of 14 tactics showed a TMR of more than 0.5. Especially the “TA0007 (Discovery)” tactic showed the highest TMR of 0.87. Through correlation analysis, the experimental result shows that the reason for the different embedding performances of the tactic is affected by the frequency of the technique in the same tactic, with at most a 0.96 score. We also experimentally demonstrated that the neutrality of TTP affects learning performance.

Abstract Organic retinomorphic sensors offer the advantage of in‐sensor processing to filter out redundant static backgrounds and are well suited for motion detection. To improve this promising structure, here, the key role of interfacial energetics in promoting charge accumulation to raise the inherent photoresponse of the light‐sensitive capacitor is studied. Specifically, incorporating appropriate interfacial layers around the photoactive layer is crucial to extend the carrier lifetime, as confirmed by intensity‐modulated photovoltage spectroscopy. Compared to its photodiode counterpart, the retinomorphic sensor shows better detectivity and response speed due to the additional insulating layer, which reduces the dark current and the RC time constant. Lastly, three retinomorphic sensors are integrated into a line array to demonstrate the detection of movement speed and direction, showing the potential of retinomorphic designs for efficient motion tracking.

The main bottlenecks that hinder the performance of rechargeable zinc electrochemical cells are their limited cycle lifetime and energy density. To overcome these limitations, this work studied the mechanism of a dual-ion Zn-Cu electrolyte to suppress dendritic formation and extend the device cycle life while concurrently enhancing the utilization ratio of zinc and thereby increasing the energy density of zinc ion capacitors (ZICs). The ZICs achieved a best-in-class energy density of 41 watt hour per kilogram with a negative-to-positive (n/p) electrode capacity ratio of 3.10. At the n/p ratio of 5.93, the device showed a remarkable cycle life of 22,000 full charge-discharge cycles, which was equivalent to 557 hours of discharge. The cumulative capacity reached ~581 ampere hour per gram, surpassing the benchmarks of lithium and sodium ion capacitors and highlighting the promise of the dual-ion electrolyte for delivering high-performance, low-maintenance electrochemical energy supplies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of applied current in enhancing bonding was studied in Cu-to-Cu direct bonding using Cu microbumps. A daisy-chain structure of electroplated Cu microbumps (20 μm × 20 μm) was fabricated on Si wafer. Cu-to-Cu bonding was performed in ambient atmosphere at 200-300 °C for 10 min under 260 MPa, during which direct current of 0-10 A (2.5 × 106 A/cm2) was applied. With increasing applied current, the contact resistance decreased and the shear strength in the Cu-to-Cu joints increased. The enhanced bonding imparted by the application of current was ascribed to Joule heating and electromigration effects. Subsequently, the joint temperature was calibrated to isolate the electromigration effects for study. In Cu-to-Cu joints joined at the same adjusted temperature, increasing the current caused unbonded regions to decrease and regions of cohesive failure to increase. The enhanced diffusion across the Cu/Cu interfaces under the applied current was the main mechanism whereby the quality of the Cu-to-Cu joints was improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]