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Abstract Background The incidence of androgenetic alopecia in males is on the rise annually, with hair transplantation using follicular unit extraction (FUE) gaining increasing acceptance as an appropriate treatment for these individuals. Methods A retrospective study was undertaken, involving 158 male patients diagnosed with androgenetic alopecia, who underwent treatment between January 2016 and December 2020 at the Medical Cosmetology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University. Demographic data and treatment characteristics were documented and analyzed. Clinical efficacy, operation-related complications, patient satisfaction rates, and quality of life scores were assessed and analyzed. Results Following FUE hair transplantation, over 90% of the hair follicles survived in 158 patients, with more than 85% of patients achieving a hair follicle survival rate exceeding 95% at 12 months post-operation. Patient satisfaction rates exceeded 98%, while the complication rate was below 6%. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that FUE is a minimally invasive hair transplant technique associated with a high hair follicle survival rate and optimal hair density. This approach proves effective in treating male androgenetic alopecia and merits further clinical application.

Abstract Background No specific triglyceride-lowering therapy is recommended in patients with hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP), primarily because of the lack of quality evidence. This study aimed to describe practice variations in triglyceride-lowering therapies for early HTG-AP patients and assess whether more rapid triglyceride decline is associated with improving organ failure. Methods This is a multicentre, prospective cohort study recruiting HTG-AP patients with elevated plasma triglyceride (> 11.3 mmol/L) admitted within 72 h from the onset of symptoms. Patients were dichotomised on study day 3 into either target reaching (plasma triglyceride ≤ 5.65 mmol/L) or not. The primary outcome was organ failure-free days (OFFD) to 14 days of enrolment. The association between target-reaching and OFFD was modelled. Additionally, the slope in plasma triglyceride over the first three days in response to treatment was calculated, and its association with OFFD was assessed as a sensitivity analysis. Results Among the 300 enrolled patients, 211 underwent exclusive medical treatment, and 89 underwent various blood purification therapies. Triglyceride levels were available in 230 patients on study day 3, among whom 122 (53.0%) had triglyceride levels of ≤ 5.65 mmol/l. The OFFD was not different between these patients and those in whom plasma triglyceride remained > 5.65 mmol/L [median (IQR): 13 (10–14) vs. 14 (10–14), p = 0.46], even after adjustment for potential confounders. For the decline slopes, there was no significant change in OFFD with a steeper decline slope [risk difference, − 0.088, 95% CI, − 0.334 to 0.158, p = 0.48]. Conclusions Triglyceride-lowering therapies vary greatly across centres. More rapid triglyceride decline was not associated with improving incidence and duration of organ failure.

Abstract Crystalline silica (CS) particle exposure leads to silicosis which is characterized as progressive fibrosis. Fibroblasts are vital effector cells in fibrogenesis. Emerging studies have identified immune sentinel roles for fibroblasts in chronic disease, while their immune-modulatory roles in silicosis remain unclear. Herein, we show that group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) conversion to ILC1s is closely involved in silicosis progression, which is mediated by activated fibroblasts via interleukin (IL)−18. Mechanistically, Notch3 signaling in mechanics-activated fibroblasts modulates IL-18 production via caspase 1 activity. The mouse-specific Notch3 knockout in fibroblasts retards pulmonary fibrosis progression that is linked to attenuated ILC conversion. Our results indicate that activated fibroblasts in silicotic lungs are regulators of ILC2–ILC1 conversion, associated with silicosis progression via the Notch3–IL-18 signaling axis. This finding broadens our understanding of immune-modulatory mechanisms in silicosis, and indicates potential therapeutic targets for lung fibrotic diseases.

Abstract Background This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and clinical outcomes of Nice knot-assisted fixation in the management of comminuted and displaced clavicle fractures. Methods A systematic search was conducted across multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine (CBM) database, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP database, to identify studies comparing Nice knot-assisted fixation with traditional surgical treatment for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. The primary outcomes assessed included fracture healing times, hospitalization days, complications, and functional outcomes. Secondary outcomes such as intraoperative blood loss, operative time, incision length, and fluoroscopy time were also evaluated. Data were analyzed using random-effects models, and summary statistics including Mean Difference (MD), risk ratios (RRs) and theirs’ 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results Screening of the literature yielded a total of 11 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, involving 754 patients. Meta-analysis of the pooled data demonstrated a significant advantage of Nice knot-assisted fixation over traditional surgical treatment in terms of operative time (MD = -11.53, 95% CI: -18.16 to -4.91, p = 0.0006) and blood loss (MD = -14.19, 95% CI: -20.93 to -7.45, p = 0.00001). Additionally, Nice knot-assisted fixation was associated with reduced fracture healing time (MD = -0.63, 95% CI: -1.12 to -0.14, p = 0.01) rather than hospitalization days (MD = -0.47, 95% CI: -1.14 to 0.21, p = 0.18) and complications (RR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.23 to 1.01, p = 0.05) compared to traditional surgical treatment. Moreover, nice knot-assisted fixation was associated with increased constant-murley score and Neer score, and reduced visual analogue scale (VAS) score compared to traditional surgical treatment. Conclusion This study highlights that Nice knot assistance offers advantages in reducing intraoperative blood loss, shortening operation time, and achieving favorable postoperative outcomes.

Abstract The current primary therapeutic approach for schizophrenia is antipsychotic medication, and antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia occurs in 40–80% of patients with schizophrenia. Aripiprazole, an atypical antipsychotic belonging to the quinolinone derivative class, can reduce the likelihood of developing hyperprolactinemia, but the pharmacological mechanisms of this reduction are unknown. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of action of aripiprazole in treating hyperprolactinemia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. This study identified a total of 151 potential targets for aripiprazole from the DrugBank, TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM, TargetNet, and SwissTargetPrediction databases. Additionally, 71 hyperprolactinemia targets were obtained from the PharmGKB, DrugBank, TTD, GeneCards, OMIM, and DisGENET databases. Utilizing Venny 2.1.0 software, an intersection of 27 genes was identified between aripiprazole and hyperprolactinemia. To construct a common target protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, the common targets obtained from both sources were input into the STRING database. The resulting PPI network was then imported into Cytoscape 3.7.2 software, which identified eight core targets associated with aripiprazole’s treatment of hyperprolactinemia. Subsequently, a PPI network was established for these targets. Enrichment analysis of the key targets was conducted using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes in the DAVID database. Additionally, molecular docking verification of the interaction between aripiprazole and the core targets was performed using AutoDock Vina software. Aripiprazole’s intervention in hyperprolactinemia primarily targets the following core proteins: Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 3 (SLC6A3), monoamine oxidase (MAO-B), Dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2), 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A (HTR2A), 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C (HTR2C), cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), Dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1), Dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4). These targets are predominantly involved in biological processes such as the adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway, G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger, phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, chemical synaptic transmission, and response to xenobiotic stimulus. Primary enrichment occurs in signaling pathways such as the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and serotonergic synapse pathways. Molecular docking results demonstrate a favorable affinity between aripiprazole and the core target proteins MAO-B, DRD2, SLC6A3, HTR2C, HTR2A, CYP2D6, DRD4, and DRD1. Network pharmacology predicted potential targets and signaling pathways for aripiprazole’s intervention in hyperprolactinemia, offering theoretical support and a reference basis for optimizing clinical strategies and drug development involving aripiprazole.

Abstract This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram using clinical variables to guide personalized treatment strategies for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck (ACCHN). Data from 1069 patients with ACCHN diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were used to construct the nomogram. External validation was performed using an independent cohort of 70 patients from Fujian Cancer Hospital. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 26.0 and R Software version 4.2.3. The concordance index (C-index) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the predictive accuracy of the nomogram. Age, tumor site, surgery, N stage, M stage, and TNM stage were identified as independent prognostic factors through univariate and multivariate Cox analyses. The nomogram demonstrated superior predictive performance compared to the TNM staging system, effectively stratifying patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. This nomogram offers a valuable tool for predicting overall survival in patients with ACCHN and tailoring individualized treatment approaches.

Abstract To scientifically and effectively manage exhaust pollution in underground confined spaces and reduce hazards from personnel exhaust exposure, a systematic study of the distribution characteristics of diesel locomotive exhaust emissions in mines is needed. Aiming at large underground coal mining operations, an experimental platform for the physical simulation of vehicle exhaust transport in restricted spaces is designed and created. The Hongliulin Coal Mine in Shaanxi Province, China, is used as a prototype, and the platform consists of a coal mining face system, ventilation system, exhaust emission system, monitoring and surveillance system, and control platform. The experimental platform with carbon dioxide simulation of diesel exhaust pollution, in the role of different wind speed, the concentration of carbon dioxide is a downward trend, the wind speed is in the low wind speed on the 0.2 m of the concentration difference of 25.75%; the experimental platform exhaust transport process presents a clear “three-zone” change rule; experimental platform carbon dioxide concentration and the field nitrogen dioxide concentration change trend is consistent. The platform functions and features can provide guidance for mine exhaust management and exhaust exposure hazard prevention and control.

Abstract The Walker circulation is projected to slow down in response to greenhouse gas warming. However, detecting the impact of human activities on changes in the Walker circulation is challenging due to the significant influence of internal variability. Here, based on ensembles of multiple climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), we show evidence that the emergence of the human-induced weakening of Walker circulation tends to occur earlier in the middle-upper troposphere than at the surface. This earlier emergence is attributed to a more pronounced initial weakening response of the middle-upper tropospheric Walker circulation to atmospheric CO2 radiative forcing. We further reveal that the emergence time of a weaker Walker circulation varies across models. This intermodel spread is governed by an ocean thermostat that operates by modulating the zonal sea surface temperature gradient over the tropical Indo-Pacific region. Our findings address the key question of whether and how to detect human-induced large-scale atmospheric circulation changes and provide valuable insights for assessing the associated risks.

Abstract Morphology of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is potentially related to cardiovascular outcomes. However, this relationship still remains to be verified with direct evidence. We retrospectively reviewed cases from the autopsy specimen library in the Center of Forensic Medicine in Sun Yat-sen University from 2017 to 2023. Six RVOT morphological characteristics were measured and their association with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), sudden cardiac death (SCD) and age at death was evaluated. Relationship between myocardial fibrosis in RVOT and CVDs was investigated. RVOT characteristics were recruited by machine learning algorithms for diagnosing CVDs. A total of 2370 cases were finally recruited. Perimeter of sub-valve plane (pSBV) in RVOT was positively associated with risk of CVDs and SCD (OR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.07–1.37, p = 0.003; OR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.16–1.52, p

Brachytherapy can kill cancer cells more effectively and make the normal tissues around the tumor free or less irradiated. It has become an effective means for the treatment of malignant tumors. 103Pd has a half-life of 16.96 days and a significant advantage in the field of brachytherapy due to its unique decay properties. In order to achieve the large-scale production of 103Pd, the preparation process based on Cyclone-30(C30) cyclotron was studied. The rhodium metal was electroplated on the copper target base by pulse electroplating method. The rhodium-plated target was transferred to C30 solid target station for irradiation with beam energy of 16-18 MeV, and the beam current was 200 μA. In order to obtain Curie-level 103Pd, the beam integral should be more than 10000 μA•h. After irradiation, the target was transferred to the separation and purification hot cell, the rhodium plating was separated from the target base first, then was ground into powder, and dissolved by high temperature melting of potassium bisulfate. The rhodium was converted into soluble rhodium sulfate, and the 103Pd nuclide was separated and purified by AG1-X8 resin. The impurities of Rh, Fe, Cu and Zn were rinsed with 6 mol/L hydrochloric acid and 0.03 mol/L hydrochloric acid, respectively. At last, 103Pd was desorbed with a mixed solution of ammonium chloride-ammonia mixed solution(volume ratio 1∶1). The radioactive activity, radionuclide purity and specific activity of 103Pd were measured respectively. The preparation of sealed seed core was studied by using the prepared 103Pd feed solution. The results show that the rhodium plating layer is smooth and dense, and firmly bonded with the copper plate, the rhodium layers mass thickness is greater than 150 mg/cm2. The production capacity of 103Pd is greater than 37 GBq, the radionuclide purity is greater than 99.9%, and the specific activity is greater than 875 GBq/mg, and activity concentrations greater than 6.2 GBq/mL. The preparation field of 103Pd brachytherapy sources is more than 90%, it can meet the requirements. The 103Pd preparation process is stable, and the quality is controllable. The large-scale production capacity has been reached, and it provides a stable source for the research of 103Pd brachytherapy sources.

The separation and recovery of uranium from natural water is of great significance to the exploitation of unconventional uranium resources. In our paper, a novel polyacrylonitrile(PAN)/Hummers oxidized lotus seedpod carbon composite was prepared, and adsorption of U(Ⅵ) ion from U(Ⅵ)-CO3 solution under weakly alkaline condition was also studied. Batch adsorption experimental results show that at room temperature, pH=8.0, ρ(U(Ⅵ))=50 mg/L, cT(CO3)=2 mmol/L, the adsorption reaches equilibrium after 840 min, and the maximum adsorption capacity is about 51.92 mg/g. The increase of the pH values, calcium ion concentration, magnesium ion concentration and carbonate concentration inhibit the U(Ⅵ) adsorption. Thermodynamic results indicate that it is a spontaneous, endothermic chemical adsorption process. Characterization results show that the composite displays good structure stability during U(Ⅵ) adsorption process, meanwhile, the phenolic —OH and —COOH(C=O) are the main adsorption sites on the composite surfaces. In the presence of calcium/magnesium ions, the order of adsorption affinity of U(Ⅵ) on the composite material is as follows: Mg-U(Ⅵ)-CO3 system＞Ca-U(Ⅵ)-CO3 system. The results can provide the new materials for the separation and extraction of uranium from natural uranium-containing water.

Abstract Eradicating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can cause an imbalance in the microbiota. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome may produce multiple diseases and bacterial infections. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and its eradication on the composition of the oral tongue coating microbiota. A cohort of 35 participants was recruited and categorized into two groups: the H. pylori negative group (N group) consisting of 12 individuals and the H. pylori positive group (23 individuals). Within the H. pylori positive group, subjects were further stratified into the H. pylori pre-eradicated group (HPQ group) and the H. pylori eradicated group (HPH group). H. pylori positive individuals were treated with a quadruple regimen containing bismuth, and tongue coating samples were collected both prior to and following treatment. Concurrently, tongue coating samples were collected from H. pylori negative individuals. High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing technology was employed to assess the microbial composition of the tongue coating in the N group, HPQ group, and HPH group. Pertinent clinical data were documented. Microbial diversity was found to significantly differ among the N group, HPQ group, and HPH group, as evidenced by variations in Chao1 index, Shannon index, and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). The dominant bacterial phyla identified across all groups included Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Saccharibacteria. At the phylum level, Firmicutes exhibited higher relative abundance in the HPQ group in comparison to both the N group and HPH group. Conversely, Bacteroidetes displayed greater prevalence in the N group and HPH group. Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis indicated a higher abundance of Romboutsia, Rothia, and Turiciactor in the HPQ group. Our study revealed significant disparities in microbial diversity and richness among the three groups. Furthermore, our findings suggest a potential association between the presence of Streptococcus, Rothia and H. pylori positive individuals.

Abstract This study aimed to explore the selection of induction chemotherapy (IC) cycles for stage N3 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We employed propensity score matching (PSM) to categorize patients into 3-cycle and 4-cycle IC groups (IC = 3 and IC = 4). The log-rank and chi-squared tests were used respectively to evaluate the differences in survival and acute toxicities. Survival outcomes including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS) were evaluated among the two groups. After PSM, each group comprised 99 patients. The IC = 4 group exhibited markedly improved survival outcomes compared with the IC = 3 group. Multivariate analysis revealed that pre-EBV DNA was an independent risk factor affecting PFS and DMFS. For high-risk patients with pre-EBV DNA ≥ 7800 copies/ml, the IC = 4 group demonstrated greater survival compared to the IC = 3 group. Among low-risk patients with pre-EBV DNA

Abstract To overcome the challenges posed in effectively extracting stone inscriptions characterized by highly self-similarity between the foreground and background, a character image segmentation framework is proposed that integrates Stacked-UNets and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Initially, a convolutional rule tailored for self-similar feature extraction is introduced to enhance the image detail segmentation. Subsequently, in improving the stacked units, multi-scale character masks with Spatial Transformer Network (STN) are added to guide the character segmentation. Finally, with two GANs and datasets, the character recognition and generation capabilities of the Stacked-UNets are trained, and further constructing its character segmentation and restoration abilities. Ultimately, the edge segmentation performance was enhanced, both in extracting characters from stone inscriptions with self-similar blocks and in effectively recovering partially incomplete characters. Compared to state-of-the-art methods, the Stacked-UNets demonstrates improvements of 6.41%, 7.39%, 8.43%, 8.11%, 4.13%, and 2.58% across six indicators, respectively.

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to report a newly developed, high‐fidelity synthetic simulator to simulate excision and primary anastomotic (EPA) bulbar urethroplasty and its clinical use for new practitioners in shortening the learning curve. Material and Methods The bulbar urethral anastomosis simulator consists of several standardized components created according to the actual size of the male patient. Interns, novice residents, and fellows inexperienced with urethral reconstruction (n = 10, 5, 5) from different medical centres were invited to participate in the training programme. Two reconstructive urology experts monitored each practice. Following the training, three kinds of validity testing were used to assess the simulator: face, content, and construct. In the intern group, the task performance in the first five training sessions and the last five training ones were compared using a self‐control approach. In the resident and fellow group, the real surgical data, including estimated blood loss, operative duration, and 6‐month post‐operative success rate of trainees after training, are plotted, which are compared with that of reconstructive urology experts (n = 5) included retrospectively to study the effectiveness of the simulator in shortening the learning curve. Results The overall mean satisfaction rate for the simulators was inspiring and evaluated by experts. In the intern group, significant improvement can be achieved through 10 training sessions (p

Abstract Background Chronic inflammation is associated with the etiology of various cancers. However, there is a lack of systematic research in urologic cancers. This study aims to use a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to evaluate the role of circulating cytokines in the development of urologic cancers. Methods We obtained the summary-level data for bladder cancer (373,295 cases and 372,016 controls), prostate cancer (462,933 cases and 459,664 controls), and kidney cancer (463,010 cases and 461,896 controls) from the UK Biobank. Genetic variations linked to 41 circulating cytokines were used as instrumental variables (IVs) in meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) involving 8,293 individuals from Finland. We primarily used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method to assess the potential associations between the 41 cytokines and the risk of 3 common urologic cancers. Weighted-median method, weighted mode and simple-median method were used to assess the sensitivity. Heterogeneity and pleiotropic outlier were evaluated by Cochran's Q test and MR-Egger regression. Genetic correlation, colocalization analysis and multivariable MR analysis were used to further validate the potential pleiotropy. Results After the Bonferroni correction, there was an observed association between elevated genetically predicted levels of CCL27 and a heightened risk for bladder cancer. Conversely, IL-12p70 levels were found to have a protective association against the risk of bladder cancer. Sensitivity analyses utilizing various IV sets and MR approach remained robust. Furthermore, we found potential associations of 7 cytokines with urologic cancers (4.07 × 10−4 ≤ P

Abstract Objectives Preterm delivery rates have increased obviously worldwide over the past decade, yet reliable epidemiological studies on the incidence of preterm birth and temporal trends are not available in Hainan, The Free Trade Port in China. We aimed to describe the rate of preterm birth and trends between 2010 and 2021 and to primarily explore risk factors associated with preterm birth in Hainan, China. Methods This was an observational study was based on data from the Hainan Provincial Birth Certificate System (HPBCS) for live births between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2021. We included pregnancies resulting in at least one live birth, with newborns born at a gestational age of 28 weeks or greater, or with a birth weight of 1000 g or more. The outcome were preterm birth rates and their trends over time. Potential risk factors were collected, including infant gender, maternal age, paternal age, maternal ethnicity, paternal ethnicity, home address, and single or multiple pregnancies. The logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between preterm birth and potential risk factors. Results A total of 1,537,239 live births and 86,328 preterm births were investigated, giving a total preterm birth rate of 5.62%. The overall preterm birth rate increased from 4.47% in 2010 to 7.12% in 2021 (compound annual growth rate [CAGR] 4.32). The CAGR of late preterm birth is consistent with the overall preterm birth rate (4.32%). The fastest growth is observed in the rate of very preterm births (5.53%), while the rate of moderate preterm births exhibits the slowest growth (3.87%). Infant gender, multiple pregnancy, home address, parental age, and ethnicity had significant effects on preterm birth. Conclusion The preterm birth rate was increasing year by year from 2010 to 2021 in Hainan, The Free Trade Port in China. Incidence of preterm births in Hainan Province in relation to multiple pregnancies, infant sex, parental age, parental race and residential address.

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, and several studies have attempted to identify its risk factors. This study aimed to investigate the association between sleep duration and sleep quality, and the 7‐year incidence of CVD among middle‐aged and older Chinese individuals. A total of 6682 participants aged 45–90 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study database were included in this study. The authors estimated sleep duration and quality based on self‐reported data of night sleep hours and disturbance symptoms, and examined the associations between them and the composite outcome of CVD using logistic regression models. A total of 1692 participants (25.32%) reported new CVD events during follow‐up. Short sleep duration ( 8 h/night). Additionally, participants with mild sleep disturbance in all three models, and severe sleep disturbance in Models 2 and 3 had a significantly higher risk of CVD (p .05). In conclusion, short sleep duration and sleep disturbance are both associated with an increased risk of CVD in middle‐aged and older Chinese individuals.

Objective Spine fixation surgery affects the biomechanical environment in the sacroiliac joint (SIJ), which may lead to the SIJ pain or degeneration after surgery. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of the number and position of fixed segments on the SIJs and provide references for surgeons to plan fixation levels and enhance surgical outcomes. Methods The intact lumbar‐pelvis finite element (FE) models and 11 fixation FE models with different number and position of fixed segments were developed based on CT images. A 400N follower load and 10° range of motion (ROM) of the spine were applied to the superior endplate of L1 to simulate the flexion, extension, bending and torsion motion after surgery. The peak stress on the SIJs, lumbar intervertebral discs, screws and rods were calculated to evaluate the biomechanical effects of fixation procedures. Results With the lowermost instrumented vertebra (LIV) of L5 or S1, the peak stress on SIJs increased with the number of fixed segments increasing. The flexion motion led to the greater von Mises stress on SIJ compared with other load conditions. Compared with the intact model, peak stress on all fixed intervertebral discs was reduced in the models with less than three fixed segments, and it increased in the models with more than three fixed segments. The stress on the SIJ was extremely high in the models with all segments from L1 to L5 fixed, including L1‐L5, L1‐S1 and L1‐S2 fixation models. The stress on the segment adjacent to the fixed segments was significant higher compared to that in the intact model. The peak stress on rods and screws also increased with the number of fixed segments increasing in the flexion, extension and bending motion, and the bending and flexion motions led to the greater von Mises stress on SIJs. Conclusion Short‐term fixation (≤2 segments) did not increase the stress on the SIJs significantly, while long‐term segment fixation (≥4 segments) led to greater stress on the SIJs especially when all the L1‐L5 segments were fixed. Unfixed lumbar segments compensated the ROM loss of the fixed segments, and the preservation of lumbar spine mobility would reduce the risks of SIJ degeneration.

Given the rapid development of China’s new urbanization, cities with different locations and varying functional positioning, resource endowments, and development stages have insufficient scientific and applicable technical tools for implementing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). City managers and policymakers must urgently establish SDG benchmarks to diagnose city development. Moreover, successful experiences from similar cities regarding sustainable development and self-improvement must be learned from to promote diversified, sustainable development across the country. Furthermore, emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, big data and 5G are widely used in smart cities. Therefore, there is a growing need for “knowledge-based, personalized and intelligent” technologies to support monitoring, evaluation, and decision-making processes facilitating sustainable development in cities. This paper uses standardization as the theoretical support and technical basis. This approach can help clarify the sustainable development processes in China and clarify the evaluation results of and provide data on horizontal city comparisons, which can be used to develop evaluation technology for sustainable development in cities and construct a standardized system. The results provide a standard framework for intelligent assessment and decision-making regarding cities’ sustainable development capabilities in China. Evaluating major international standardization institutions reveals that the practices of Chinese national standards should be fully absorbed and integrated to guide the evaluation of smart, resilient, and low-carbon cities. To this end, an indicator library of city sustainable development is proposed to provide standard evaluation technology methods. Finally, analyzing the response relationship of the indicator library to SDGs reveals the need for a standardized knowledge map of sustainable development assessment techniques and methods from the perspective of integrated management for sustainable development in cities.

Abstract Apoptosis is a genetically programmed form of cell death that is substantially conserved across the evolutionary tree. Apoptotic cell elimination includes recognition, phagocytosis, and degradation. Failure to clear apoptotic cells can ultimately cause a series of human diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Consequently, the timely and effective removal of apoptotic cells is crucial to maintaining the body's homeostasis. GPCRs belong to the largest membrane receptor family. Its intracellular domain exerts an effect on the trimer G protein. By combining with a variety of ligands, the extracellular domain of G protein initiates the dissociation of G protein trimers and progressively transmits signals downstream. Presently, numerous G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been identified as participants in the apoptosis signal transduction pathway and the apoptotic cell clearance pathway. Therefore, studies on the mechanism of GPCRs in the clearance of apoptotic cells is important for the development of GPCRs therapeutics.

Abstract Aim To construct evidence-based sensitive quality indicators for patients’ rapid rehabilitation care after combined pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and to provide a reference for clinical nursing professionals to scientifically evaluate the quality of patients’ rehabilitation post-PD. Background Since PD is associated with higher surgical risk and anastomotic complications, it leads to higher complication rates and longer postoperative recovery cycles. This reiterates the need for rapid recovery of patients after PD; however, the evaluation of sensitive nursing care indicators regarding rapid recovery post-PD has not yet been established to date. Methods Based on the Donabedian structure-process-result theory model, we used available literature, semi-structured interviews, the Delphi method, and hierarchical analysis to establish a sensitive indicator system for patients’ rapid rehabilitation after PD and evaluate the importance of such indicators. Results There were two rounds of expert correspondence, and the effective recovery rate of the questionnaires of these rounds was 100%. The expert authority coefficients, as well as the Kendall coordination coefficients of the expert opinions, were 0.859 and 0.872 as well as 0.423 and 0.431, with statistically significant differences (p

Abstract This study pooled data from SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) and ACCORD-BP (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Blood Pressure) trial to estimate the treatment effect of intensive BP on stroke prevention, and investigate whether stroke risk score impacted treatment effect. Of all the potential manifestations of the hypertension, the most severe outcomes were stroke or death. A composite endpoint of time to death or stroke (stroke-free survival [SFS]), whichever occurred first, was defined as the outcome of interest. Participants without prevalent stroke were stratified into stroke risk tertiles based on the predicted revised Framingham Stroke Risk Score. The stratified Cox model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) for the intensive BP treatment. 834 (5.92%) patients had SFS events over a median follow-up of 3.68 years. A reduction in the risk for SFS was observed among the intensive BP group as compared with the standard BP group (HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.89; risk difference: 0.98([0.20, 1.76]). Further analyses demonstrated the significant benefit of intensive BP treatment on SFS only among participants having a high stroke risk (risk tertile 1: 0.76 [0.52, 1.11], number needed to treat [NNT] = 861; risk tertile 2: 0.87[0.65, 1.16], NNT = 91; risk tertile 3: 0.69[0.56, 0.86], NNT = 50). Intensive BP treatment lowered the risk of SFS, particularly for those at high risk of stroke.

Abstract Objective We explored the preliminary value of abnormal spindle-like microcephaly- associated (ASPM) protein in aiding precise risk sub-stratification, prediction of metabolic heterogeneity, and prognosis of neuroblastoma (NB). Methods This retrospective study enrolled newly diagnosed patients with NB who underwent positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) before therapy, and tumor tissue was collected after surgery. Regression analysis was used to evaluate ASPM expression and risk stratification in patients with NB. The expression levels of ASPM, clinical information, and PET/CT text features were analyzed using univariate and multivariate survival analyses. Finally, a correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between ASPM and tumor metabolic heterogeneity. Results There were 48 patients with NB in this study (35 boys and 13 girls); 22 patients progressed and 16 died. We found that the level of ASPM was highly associated with risk stratification (OR = 5.295, 95%IC: 1.348–41.722, p = 0.021). Patients with NB and high-risk stratification with high ASPM level had a lower 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate (14.28%) and 1-year PFS rate (57.14%) than those with low ASPM level (57.14% and 93.75%, respectively). Using univariate and multivariate survival analyses, this study revealed that ASPM and LDH were independent risk factors for both PFS and overall survival (OS), whales GLZLM_ZLNU was only a risk factor for PFS. Conclusion ASPM holds promise as a novel biomarker for refining current risk stratification and predicting prognosis in neuroblastoma. Elevated levels of ASPM, LDH, and GLZLM_ZLNU may be associated with poorer survival outcomes in neuroblastoma patients.

Abstract The treatment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is an unaddressed need due to the absence of novel treatments. Recent studies demonstrated that fingolimod and siponimod have neuroprotective effects in several neuropsychiatric disorders; however, their pharmacological mechanisms are unclear. The objective of this study was to identify potential molecular mechanisms of fingolimod and siponimod for improving cognition of schizophrenia through network pharmacology and molecular docking. The putative target genes of ingredients, schizophrenia, and impaired cognition were obtained from online databases, including SwissTargetPrediction, PharmMapper, GeneCards, CTD, DisGeNET, and OMIM. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed to identify core targets. The DAVID database was used for GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. An ingredient–target–pathway–disease network was constructed using Cytoscape. Finally, the interactions between ingredients and core targets were assessed with molecular docking. The analysis revealed 260 targets shared by fingolimod and siponimod, 257 unique targets for fingolimod, and 88 unique targets for siponimod. Two signaling pathways were involved in fingolimod-mediated improvements in the cognition of schizophrenia, including the PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. The core targets that regulated these two pathways included IL1B, AKT1, TNF, IL6, INS, BCL2, and BDNF. The MAPK signaling pathway was involved in siponimod-mediated improvement in the cognition of schizophrenia. The MAPK pathway was regulated by three core targets, namely TNF, AKT1, and CASP3. Docking scores ranged from −5.0 to −10.4 kcal/mol. Our analysis revealed that fingolimod regulates the PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways via the core targets IL1B, AKT1, TNF, IL6, INS, BCL2, and BDNF, and siponimod regulates the MAPK signaling pathways via the core targets AKT1, TNF, and CASP3 to improve the cognition of schizophrenia. Our results provide potential targets and a theoretical basis for the design of new drugs to treat the impaired cognition of schizophrenia.

Abstract Background Lipid management based on cardiovascular risk level is the cornerstone of primary prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD), while the accuracy and adherence of traditional cardiovascular risk stratification have been questioned. Prevention strategies based on imaging screening for atherosclerotic plaques are found to be more objective and adherent in recent studies. This trial aims to investigate the role of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in guiding the primary prevention of CAD in a randomized controlled design. Methods Approximately 3400 middle-aged asymptomatic community participants will be recruited and randomized in a 1:1 ratio to a traditional cardiovascular risk score-guided (usual care group) or CCTA-guided (CCTA group) strategy. Participants with cardiovascular disease, prior lipid-lowering therapy, CCTA contraindication, or serious diseases that affect life span will be excluded. The intervention strategy includes blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid management and lifestyle modifications. Blood pressure and glucose targets and lifestyle modification recommendations keep the same in both strategies, while lipid management is personalized based on traditional risk level or CCTA results, respectively. The primary outcome is the proportion of participants taking lipid-lowering medication regularly at both 6 and 12 months. The secondary outcomes include the proportion of participants achieving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering targets at 12 months, mean changes in lipid levels from baseline to 12 months, barriers to adherence, adverse reactions related to CCTA examination, and cardiovascular events. Discussion The study is the first randomized clinical trial to examine the effectiveness of a CCTA-guided versus a traditional risk score-guided primary prevention strategy in an asymptomatic community-based population. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05725096. Registered on 2 February 2023.

Microbial electrochemical cells (MxCs) offer a sustainable approach for wastewater treatment and energy recovery by harnessing the electroactive properties of microorganisms. This study explores the enrichment of Geobacter species on anode biofilms in single-(S-MxCs) and double-chambered (D-MxCs) MxCs, using domestic wastewater without an external anode potential. Stable current densities were achieved within 10 days for S-MxCs (9.52 ± 0.8 A/m2) and 14 days for D-MxCs (4.28 ± 0.9 A/m2), with S-MxCs showing a superior electrochemical performance. Hydrogen production rates were higher in D-MxCs (14.93 ± 0.66 mmol H2/L/day) compared to S-MxCs (9.46 ± 0.8 mmol H2/L/day), with cumulative production rates of 12.9 ± 1.3 mmol H2/g COD and 6.48 ± 1.4 mmol H2/g COD, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry confirmed enhanced bioelectrocatalytic activity in S-MxCs, while SEM imaging showed denser biofilms on S-MxC anodes. The novelty of this study lies in its demonstration of efficient biofilm development and microbial community resilience under non-potentialized conditions, providing insights that advance the practical application of MxCs in environmental biotechnology.

Abstract Purpose To minimize radiation exposure to the small bowel (SB) in patients undergoing treatment for gynecological tumors by adopting a comfortable positioning method. Methods and patients All 76 women undergoing Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) were included in this study. Patients were immobilized in a supine position using a vacuum bag and thermoplastic cast formation. In the trial group (n = 36), patients raised their buttocks and a solid foam pad was placed under the sacral tail before immobilization. The control group (n = 40) received treatment in the standard supine position. The SB was delineated from the pubic symphysis to the total iliac bifurcation in computed tomography (CT) scans. Result In the trial group, a significant reduction in SB volume within the pelvic cavity was observed (mean 399.17 ± 158.7 cc) compared to the control group (mean 547.48 ± 166.9 cc), with a p-value less than 0.001. The trial group showed a statistically significant reduction in the absolute volume of irradiated SB at each dose, ranging from the low dose (10 Gy) to the high dose (45 Gy). In the control group, a negative correlation was found between SB and bladder volumes (R = -0.411, P = 0.008), whereas in the trial group, this correlation was weaker (R = -0.286, P = 0.091), with no significant relationship observed between bladder volume and SB. Conclusion The high buttocks supine position effectively reduces SB radiation exposure without the need for bladder distension. This positioning method holds promise for reducing SB irradiation in various pelvic tumors.

Abstract Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to a loss of motor and sensory function. Axon regeneration and outgrowth are key events for functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Endogenous growth of axons is associated with a variety of factors. Inspired by the relationship between developing nerves and blood vessels, we believe spinal cord-derived microvascular endothelial cells (SCMECs) play an important role in axon growth. Results We found SCMECs could promote axon growth when co-cultured with neurons in direct and indirect co-culture systems via downregulating the miR-323-5p expression of neurons. In rats with spinal cord injury, neuron-targeting nanoparticles were employed to regulate miR-323-5p expression in residual neurons and promote function recovery. Conclusions Our study suggests that SCMEC can promote axon outgrowth by downregulating miR-323-5p expression within neurons, and miR-323-5p could be selected as a potential target for spinal cord injury repair. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a vital role in maintaining or enhancing soil fertility and quality of paddy field, but there is still limited information about how SOC mineralization responds to different tillage managements under the double-cropping rice (Oryza sativa L.) system in southern of China. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the changes in SOC content, soil enzyme activities (invertase, cellulose and urease), SOC mineralization at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers and its relationship with 7-years tillage management under the double-cropping rice system of southern China. The experiment included four tillage managements: rotary tillage with all residues removed as a control (RTO), conventional tillage with residue incorporation (CT), rotary tillage with residue incorporation (RT), and no-tillage with residue retention (NT). The results indicated that SOC and soil labile organic carbon contents at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers in paddy field with CT and RT treatments were significantly higher than the RTO treatment. Compared to the RTO treatment, SOC mineralization and accumulation at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers in paddy field with CT, RT and NT treatments were increased. SOC accumulation and potential mineralization at 0–10 cm layer with NT treatment were significantly higher than the CT, RT and RTO treatments. Soil mineralization constant at 10–20 cm layer with CT treatment was significantly higher than those of RT, NT and RTO treatments. This result indicated SOC mineralization rate and accumulation at 10–20 cm layer of CT, RT, NT and RTO treatments were lower than those of treatments at 0–10 cm layer. Compared to RTO treatment, soil invertase, cellulose and urease activities with CT and RT treatments were significantly increased. Compared to RTO treatment, soil invertase, cellulose and urease activities at 0–20 cm layer of CT treatment increased by 22.6%, 46.2% and 89.0%, respectively. There was significantly positive correlation between SOC accumulation and SOC content, soil invertase, cellulose, urease activities, but SOC accumulation was significantly negative correlated with soil pH, bulk density. Therefore, CT and RT treatments were beneficial managements to improve SOC content and SOC mineralization in the double-cropping rice field of southern China.

Abstract Background Machine learning (ML) is extensively employed for forecasting the outcome of various illnesses. The objective of the study was to develop ML based classifiers using a stacking ensemble strategy to predict the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) recovery rate for patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). Methods A total of 672 patients with DCM were included in the study and labeled with JOA recovery rate by 1-year follow-up. All data were collected during 2012–2023 and were randomly divided into training and testing (8:2) sub-datasets. A total of 91 initial ML classifiers were developed, and the top 3 initial classifiers with the best performance were further stacked into an ensemble classifier with a supported vector machine (SVM) classifier. The area under the curve (AUC) was the main indicator to assess the prediction performance of all classifiers. The primary predicted outcome was the JOA recovery rate. Results By applying an ensemble learning strategy (e.g., stacking), the accuracy of the ML classifier improved following combining three widely used ML models (e.g., RFE-SVM, EmbeddingLR-LR, and RFE-AdaBoost). Decision curve analysis showed the merits of the ensemble classifiers, as the curves of the top 3 initial classifiers varied a lot in predicting JOA recovery rate in DCM patients. Conclusions The ensemble classifiers successfully predict the JOA recovery rate in DCM patients, which showed a high potential for assisting physicians in managing DCM patients and making full use of medical resources.

Cooked rice and the vegetables like lettuce are common kitchen waste, which are carbonaceous materials and have the potential as feedstock for the production of activated carbon. Cooking is similar to hydrothermal treatment (HTC), which might impact the subsequent activation of kitchen waste. In this study, the HTC of lettuce, rice, or their mixture and the activation of the resulting hydrochars were conducted. The results indicated that cross-polymerization between the N-containing organics from lettuce and the sugar derivatives from rice took place in their co-HTC, which significantly increased the hydrochar yield. Activation of the hydrochar from the co-HTC generated the AC with a yield of 2 times that from direct activation of mixed lettuce/rice. However, the co-HTC facilitated aromatization, reducing reactivity with K2C2O4 in activation and producing the AC with main micropores and low specific surface area. Activation of the hydrochar from HTC of rice followed the above trend, while that from lettuce was the opposite. The organics in lettuce were thermally unstable and could not undergo sufficient aromatization. The activation of hydrochar from HTC of lettuce thus generated the AC with the lowest yield, but the highest specific surface area (1684.9 m2/g), abundant mesopores, and superior capability for adsorption of tetracycline. However, the environmental impacts and energy consumption for the production of AC from the hydrochar of lettuce were higher than that from hydrochar of co-HTC.

As the demand on the construction salt rock storage increases in China, the shallow suitable deposits have been gradually exhausted, as such, the utilization shift from shallow to deep salt deposits is an inevitable trend. In order to study the creep damage characteristics of surrounding rock under the coupling effect of three-dimensional in-situ stress and temperature during the actual operation of deep salt rock storage, the triaxial creep tests were carried out on deep salt rock specimens under different temperatures and stresses. Considering the influence of temperature and stress on the creep damage characteristic of deep salt rock, it is believed that the temperature damage is accompanied by the whole creep process, and the stress damage starts to play a role when the stress state reaches the yield limit. It is assumed that the damage variables relationship between temperature and stress satisfies Weibull distribution and negative exponential function respectively. A new viscoelastic-plastic creep damage model considering the temperature and stress coupling effect was proposed by introducing a fractional Abel dashpot to modify the Nishihara model. The proposed model not only has a simple form and clear physical meaning of parameters, which is convenient for the application of the model in numerical calculation and engineering practice. The results show that the steady-creep rate of deep salt rock is a function of deviatoric stress and temperature. The material parameter A= 32.39 MPa−4.83/h, activation free energy Q=7.84×104 kJ/mol and creep stress index n = 4.83 in the steady-state creep strain rate constitutive equation are fitted. The theoretical analytical solutions of the viscoelastic-plastic creep damage models under different temperatures and stresses are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data, which verifies the correctness and accuracy of the model. The effects of temperature and stress on rock creep properties were verified by the fitting parameters of each mechanical body of the creep damage model, which proves the rationality of the established model. The theoretical model can not only accurately characterize the attenuation and steady-state creep stages of rocks, but also well describe the deformation characteristics of accelerated creep stages.

Abstract Background Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by an excessive host response to infection, manifested by elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines. At present, the use of hemoperfusion to remove inflammatory cytokines from the bloodstream has been expanding. Meanwhile, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics characteristics of antibiotics in critically ill patients may be impacted by hemoperfusion. Case presentation The patient was a 69-year-old male with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. When admitted to the ICU, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) appeared within 48 h, and he was suspected of septic shock due to acute granulocytopenia and significantly increased procalcitonin. Broad-spectrum antibiotics imipenem was administered according to Sepsis 3.0 bundle and hemoperfusion lasting 4 h with a neutron-macroporous resin device (HA-380, Jafron, China) five times was conducted to lower the extremely high value of serum inflammatory factors. Blood samples were collected to measure imipenem plasma concentration to investigate the effect of hemoperfusion quantitatively. This study showed that 4 h of hemoperfusion had a good adsorption ability on inflammatory factors and could remove about 75.2% of imipenem. Conclusions This case demonstrated the high adsorption capacity of hemoperfusion on imipenem in critically ill patients. It implies a timely imipenem supplement is required, especially before hemoperfusion.

Abstract DNA hypomethylating agents (HMAs) are used for the treatment of myeloid malignancies, although their therapeutic effects have been unsatisfactory. Here we show that CRISPR-Cas9 screening reveals that knockout of topoisomerase 1-binding arginine/serine-rich protein (TOPORS), which encodes a ubiquitin/SUMO E3 ligase, augments the efficacy of HMAs on myeloid leukemic cells with little effect on normal hematopoiesis, suggesting that TOPORS is involved in resistance to HMAs. HMAs are incorporated into the DNA and trap DNA methyltransferase-1 (DNMT1) to form DNA-DNMT1 crosslinks, which undergo SUMOylation, followed by proteasomal degradation. Persistent crosslinking is cytotoxic. The TOPORS RING finger domain, which mediates ubiquitination, is responsible for HMA resistance. In TOPORS knockout cells, DNMT1 is stabilized by HMA treatment due to inefficient ubiquitination, resulting in the accumulation of unresolved SUMOylated DNMT1. This indicates that TOPORS ubiquitinates SUMOylated DNMT1, thereby promoting the resolution of DNA-DNMT1 crosslinks. Consistently, the ubiquitination inhibitor, TAK-243, and the SUMOylation inhibitor, TAK-981, show synergistic effects with HMAs through DNMT1 stabilization. Our study provides a novel HMA-based therapeutic strategy that interferes with the resolution of DNA-DNMT1 crosslinks.

Abstract The Ediacaran ocean (635-541 million years ago) is typically viewed as a stagnant, redox-stratified ocean with low phosphorus availability. However, this contradicts the high total organic carbon (up to 15 wt%) recorded in the upper Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in South China. Here, we present a quantitative reconstruction of primary productivity and sediment total organic carbon using basin-scale simulations based on various redox-nutrient scenarios. Our results indicate that oceanic upwelling was the primary driver of enhanced primary productivity, with estimates over 2.5 times the modern ocean’s average, providing quantitative evidence for oceanic circulation in the Ediacaran Nanhua Basin. Our results also indicate the development of spatially linked but opposing redox trends, i.e., a ‘redox anticouple’, whereby the expansion of the oxic surface layer occurred concurrently with intensification of deep-water anoxia due to enhanced PP in surface and its consumption of oxidants in underlying waters. This model may explain the conflicting redox records across the Nanhua Basin. Our findings explain the unusually high rates of organic matter production and preservation in the low-pO2 Ediacaran ocean and provide a mechanism for its progressive oxygenation.

Coal mine rescue robots perform search and rescue tasks in unstructured underground tunnel environments. Traditional path planning algorithms may encounter issues such as low efficiency, non-optimal paths, and poor smoothness when applied to search spaces that are large or complex. Additionally, tunnels feature complex environmental characteristics such as intersections, where robots are prone to deviating from preset routes or scraping against tunnel walls. To address these challenges and enhance the navigation accuracy of robots, improvements to the path planning algorithm for wheeled coal mine rescue robots are proposed: ① The heuristic global path planning A* algorithm is enhanced by employing layered neighborhood search and pruning techniques to optimize the search process. The cost function is refined to better balance the influence of actual cost and heuristic cost, thus more accurately assessing the cost of each node, adapting to real situations, reducing computational complexity, and smoothing the path using B-spline methods. ② The Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) fitting algorithm is utilized to construct a geometric model of coal mine tunnel walls, facilitating the extraction of feature point coordinates of intersections for inclusion in the planning system. The path is optimized using the local support property of B-spline basis functions. When additional path optimization points are added subsequently, only the shape of the curve in the corresponding interval is affected, leaving the rest of the path unaffected. ③ A comprehensive local force field is established based on the constructed environmental geometric model and extracted feature points. Adjustment coefficients are introduced to optimize the distribution of the force field, and motion control is achieved using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) optimized PID (Proportion Integral Differential) algorithm, enhancing the robot's adaptability to complex environments such as tunnel intersections. The feasibility of the algorithm principles and applications is validated through MATLAB and ROS (Robot Operating System) simulations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can realize functions such as path planning and autonomous driving in complex intersection environments.

Abstract The ability to manipulate the flux of ions across membranes is a key aspect of diverse sectors including water desalination, blood ion monitoring, purification, electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Here we illustrate the potential of using daily changes in environmental humidity as a continuous driving force for generating selective ion flux. Specifically, self-assembled membranes featuring channels composed of polycation clusters are sandwiched between two layers of ionic liquids. One ionic liquid layer is kept isolated from the ambient air, whereas the other is exposed directly to the environment. When in contact with ambient air, the device showcases its capacity to spontaneously produce ion current, with promising power density. This result stems from the moisture content difference of ionic liquid layers across the membrane caused by the ongoing process of moisture absorption/desorption, which instigates selective transmembrane ion flux. Cation flux across the polycation clusters is greatly inhibited because of intensified charge repulsion. However, anions transport across polycation clusters is amplified. Our research underscores the potential of daily cycling humidity as a reliable energy source to trigger ion current and convert it into electrical current.

Based on the theory of fluid flow and solid elastic deformation as well as the criterion of the propagation path when hydraulic fracture meets natural fracture, a model for the propagation of hydraulic fracture through layer is established in order to accurately judge the propagation path when hydraulic fracture meets interlayer interface in coal measure composite reservoir fracturing process. The model mainly considers the effect of injection rate and viscosity of fracturing fluid on the propagation of hydraulic fracture through the layer, and gives the critical fracture pressure of the propagation of hydraulic fracture through the layer and along the interface. The propagation behavior of the fracture is judged by comparing the wellbore water pressure with the two critical fracture pressures. The accuracy of the model is verified by comparing the prediction results of the model, the fracturing test data and the on-site fracturing results. The accuracy of the model is verified by comparing the prediction results of the model, the fracturing test data and the on-site fracturing results. The results show that injection rate and fracturing fluid viscosity can directly affect the water pressure in the wellbore, and then change the fracture propagation path. The greater the viscosity between injection rate and fracturing fluid, the more beneficial it is for hydraulic fracture penetration, and the greater the influence of injection rate is. In the process of in-situ fracturing, the purpose of penetrating fracturing can be achieved mainly by increasing the injection rate of fracturing fluid.

Abstract Background Savolitinib, a small molecule inhibitor, has gained approval as the inaugural medication in China that specifically targets MET kinase. Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who show MET exon 14 skipping now have a new and innovative treatment option available. Case report In this case report, we describe a patient who experienced drug-induced liver injury (DILI) due to the administration of savolitinib. After being prescribed with savolitinib (400 mg per day, oral), a 73-year-old male diagnosed with stage IV NSCLC with MET exon 14 skipping mutation experienced an increase in liver enzymes and bilirubin levels according to his laboratory tests conducted one month later. Following a 14-day course of hepatoprotective medication, the liver function reverted back to its normal state. After receiving savolitinib (200 mg per day, oral) for one week, the patient was once again diagnosed with severe liver impairment. Then savolitinib was discontinued and received treatment with hepatoprotective drugs for one week. Following the restoration of normal liver function, another attempt was made to administer a small amount of savolitinib (100 mg per day, oral). Thus far, the patient has been followed up and there has been no recurrence of liver damage. Additionally, the lung CT scan revealed ongoing tumor shrinkage with no apparent indications of spreading or metastasis. The Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) determined that savolitinib was “highly probable” cause of DILI. Moderate-severe was determined to be the extent of DILI severity. Conclusion To the best of our understanding, this is the initial instance of DILI resulting from the use of savolitinib as a standalone treatment in a real-world setting. During the administration of savolitinib, healthcare professionals should carefully consider the potential occurrence of DILI. Administering the patient with a small amount of savolitinib resulted in a remarkable response against the tumor, leading us to speculate that the effectiveness of savolitinib might be associated with its plasma concentration. Studying the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of savolitinib is beneficial for tailoring and accurately prescribing the medication to each individual.

Abstract True morels (Morchella) are globally renowned medicinal and edible mushrooms. White mold disease caused by fungi is the main disease of Morchella, which has the characteristics of wide incidence and strong destructiveness. The disparities observed in the isolation rates of different pathogens indicate their varying degrees of host adaptability and competitive survival abilities. In order to elucidate its potential mechanism, this study, the pathogen of white mold disease from Dafang county, Guizhou Province was isolated and purified, identified as Pseudodiploöspora longispora by morphological, molecular biological and pathogenicity tests. Furthermore, high-quality genome of P. longisporus (40.846 Mb) was assembled N50 of 3.09 Mb, predicts 7381 protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic analysis of single-copy homologous genes showed that P. longispora and Zelopaecilomyces penicillatus have the closest evolutionary relationship, diverging into two branches approximately 50 (44.3–61.4) MYA. Additionally, compared with the other two pathogens causing Morchella disease, Z. penicillatus and Cladobotryum protrusum, it was found that they had similar proportions of carbohydrate enzyme types and encoded abundant cell wall degrading enzymes, such as chitinase and glucanase, indicating their important role in disease development. Moreover, the secondary metabolite gene clusters of P. longispora and Z. penicillatus show a high degree of similarity to leucinostatin A and leucinostatin B (peptaibols). Furthermore, a gene cluster with synthetic toxic substance Ochratoxin A was also identified in P. longispora and C. protrusum, indicating that they may pose a potential threat to food safety. This study provides valuable insights into the genome of P. longispora, contributing to pathogenicity research.

Abstract Improvements in the polarization of environmentally-friendly perovskite ferroelectrics have proved to be a challenging task in order to replace the toxic Pb-based counterparts. In contrast to common methods by complex chemical composition designs, we have formed Mn-inlaid antiphase boundaries in Mn-doped (K,Na)NbO3 thin films using pulsed laser deposition method. Here, we observed that mono- or bi-atomic layer of Mn has been identified to inlay along the antiphase boundaries to balance the charges originated from the deficiency of alkali ions and to induce the strain in the KNN films. Thus, rectangular saturated polarization-electric field hysteresis loops have been achieved, with a significantly improved twice remanent polarization of 114 μC/cm2 with an applied electric field of 606 kV/cm, which can be comparable to that of the typical Pb-based thin films. Moreover, we directly see the Mn occupation at the A-site of KNN perovskite structure using atomic-scale microstructure and composition analysis. The Mn-inlaid antiphase boundary can further enrich the understanding of perovskite crystal structure and give more possibilities for the design and optimization of perovskite materials.

Abstract Background Estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) is a novel, clinically available, and cost-effective surrogate of insulin resistance. The current study aimed to assess the association between eGDR and prevalent heart failure (HF), and further evaluate the value of eGDR in detecting prevalent HF in a general population. Methods 25,450 subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2018 were included. HF was recorded according to the subjects’ reports. Logistic regression was employed to analyze the association between eGDR and HF, the results were summarized as Per standard deviation (SD) change. Then, subgroup analysis tested whether the main result from logistic regression was robust in several conventional subpopulations. Finally, receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) and reclassification analysis were utilized to evaluate the potential value of eGDR in improving the detection of prevalent HF. Results The prevalence of reported HF was 2.96% (753 subjects). After adjusting demographic, laboratory, anthropometric, and medical history data, each SD increment of eGDR could result in a 43.3% (P 0.05). Additionally, ROC analysis displayed a significant improvement in the detection of prevalent HF (0.869 vs. 0.873, P = 0.008); reclassification analysis also confirmed the improvement from eGDR (All P

Abstract Occupational crystalline silica (CS) particle exposure leads to silicosis. The burden of CS-associated disease remains high, and treatment options are limited due to vague mechanisms. Here we show that pulmonary CD4+ tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) accumulate in response to CS particles, mediating the pathogenesis of silicosis. The TRM cells are derived from peripheral lymphocyte recruitment and in situ expansion. Specifically, CD69+CD103+ TRM-Tregs depend more on circulating T cell replenishment. CD69 and CD103 can divide the TRM cells into functionally distinct subsets, mirroring the immuno-balance within CD4+ TRM cells. However, targeting CD103+ TRM-Tregs do not mitigate disease phenotype since the TRM subsets exert immunosuppressive but not pro-fibrotic roles. After identifying pathogenic CD69+CD103- subsets, we highlight IL-7 for their maintenance and function, that present a promising avenue for mitigating silicosis. Together, our findings highlight the distinct role of CD4+ TRM cells in mediating CS-induced fibrosis and provide potential therapeutic strategies.

Abstract Phosphorus pentamers (cyclo-P5) are unstable in nature but can be synthesized at the Ag(111) surface. Unlike monolayer black phosphorous, little is known about their electronic properties when in contact with metal electrodes, although this is crucial for future applications. Here, we characterize the atomic structure of cyclo-P5 assembled on Ag(111) using atomic force microscopy with functionalized tips and density functional theory. Combining force and tunneling spectroscopy, we find that a strong charge transfer induces an inward dipole moment at the cyclo-P5/Ag interface as well as the formation of an interface state. We probe the image potential states by field-effect resonant tunneling and quantify the increase of the local change of work function of 0.46 eV at the cyclo-P5 assembly. Our experimental approach suggest that the cyclo-P5/Ag interface has the characteristic ingredients of a p-type semiconductor-metal Schottky junction with potential applications in field-effect transistors, diodes, or solar cells.

Bedding-parallel lamellated fractures are widely developed in shale in the 7th member of Triassic Yanchang Formation (hereinafter referred to as Chang 7) in the southwestern Ordos Basin, which holds significant importance for sweet spot selection, fracturing operations, and development planning. In this paper, based on the surface outcrop and core observations in the Qingcheng to Huachi region of the southwestern basin, combined with analysis and testing of organic matter content, mineral composition and fabric characteristics, the developmental characteristics of bedding-parallel lamellated fractures in different lithologies in the Chang 7 shale were identified, and the main controlling factors of fracture development were analyzed. Results show that the morphology and distribution of the bedding-parallel lamellated fractures are mainly controlled by the laminates, exhibiting characteristics such as continuous flatness, wavy bending and branching due to the different characteristics of the laminae. Sandstone bedding-parallel lamellated fractures are mostly distributed along the biotite laminae, with good continuity and large aperture, and are generally unfilled. Shale bedding-parallel lamellated fractures are most developed in black shale, mostly distributed along the bedding laminates composed of organic matter layers, with a few partially or completely filled by calcite and organic matter. The aperture is smaller than that of sandstone, but the density is higher. Bedding-parallel lamellated fractures are also controlled by organic matter content, lithology, mineral composition, and laminate structure. The sandstone bedding-parallel lamellated fractures are mainly controlled by the content of biotite and the laminates formed by it. When sandstone sorting is good and biotite content is high with a layered distribution, the degree of fracture development is high. As the density of the laminates increases, the degree of development of bedding-parallel lamellated fractures also increases. Shale bedding-parallel lamellated fractures mainly develop in organic matter laminates and tuffaceous laminates, and are controlled by organic matter content and mineral components. Fracture density increases first and then decreases with the density of the layers. Fracture density in thin laminates is higher than that in thick laminates.

Abstract Histone lysine crotonylation, an evolutionarily conserved modification differing from acetylation, exerts pivotal control over diverse biological processes. Among these are gene transcriptional regulation, spermatogenesis, and cell cycle processes. However, the dynamic changes and functions of histone crotonylation in preimplantation embryonic development in mammals remain unclear. Here, we show that the transcription coactivator P300 functions as a writer of histone crotonylation during embryonic development. Depletion of P300 results in significant developmental defects and dysregulation of the transcriptome of embryos. Importantly, we demonstrate that P300 catalyzes the crotonylation of histone, directly stimulating transcription and regulating gene expression, thereby ensuring successful progression of embryo development up to the blastocyst stage. Moreover, the modification of histone H3 lysine 18 crotonylation (H3K18cr) is primarily localized to active promoter regions. This modification serves as a distinctive epigenetic indicator of crucial transcriptional regulators, facilitating the activation of gene transcription. Together, our results propose a model wherein P300-mediated histone crotonylation plays a crucial role in regulating the fate of embryonic development.

Abstract Euglena gracilis (E. gracilis), pivotal in the study of photosynthesis, endosymbiosis, and chloroplast development, is also an industrial microalga for paramylon production. Despite its importance, E. gracilis genome exploration faces challenges due to its intricate nature. In this study, we achieved a chromosome-level de novo assembly (2.37 Gb) using Illumina, PacBio, Bionano, and Hi-C data. The assembly exhibited a contig N50 of 619 Kb and scaffold N50 of 1.12 Mb, indicating superior continuity. Approximately 99.83% of the genome was anchored to 46 chromosomes, revealing structural insights. Repetitive elements constituted 58.84% of the sequences. Functional annotations were assigned to 39,362 proteins, enhancing interpretative power. BUSCO analysis confirmed assembly completeness at 80.39%. This first high-quality E. gracilis genome offers insights for genetics and genomics studies, overcoming previous limitations. The impact extends to academic and industrial research, providing a foundational resource.