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Waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics were used as supports to fabricate Ag3PO4/UiO-66-NH2@PET (PAU-X) for adsorption and light-responsive desorption of sulfamethoxazole (SMX).

Recent advances in electrode materials, manufacturing processes, and safety features are enabling Li-ion battery (LIB) designs to better support energy storage needs for the emerging all-electric aviation market. Increases in cell specific energy, improved fast charge and discharge rate capability, and extended cycle-life are required for the next-generation aviation platforms that consist of more-electric, hybrid, and all-electric aircraft designed to reduce generated flight noise and carbon emissions. The success of these emerging Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) markets is highly dependent upon implementing a safe and reliable energy storage system compliant with aircraft system requirements. This work discusses state-of-the-art (SOA) and emerging LIB technology readiness to meet the derived marketplace performance and imposed regulatory requirements for all-electric aircraft. A special focus on advanced LIB safety design guidelines intended to meet the intent of the FAA DO-311A minimum operational performance standard for rechargeable lithium batteries and battery systems installed on aircraft is emphasized.

This study aimed to investigate whether underdilated transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) could reduce the risk of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and ameliorate impaired hepatic function in patients with a history of splenectomy.A retrospective case-control study was conducted with 96 patients who had prior splenectomy and TIPS placement from August 2016 to May 2022. All patients were divided into two groups based on the diameter of expansion balloon catheters, the underdilated group (6-mm balloon catheter, n = 60) and a control group (8-mm balloon catheter, n = 36). Following the 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), 33 patients in the underdilated group and 33 patients in the control group were included.During a median follow-up of 36 months, a quicker recovery in liver function after TIPS placement was showed in the underdilated group. The mean TBIL content (16.562 ± 6.549 μmol/L vs 23.871 ± 11.609 μmol/L, P = 0.019) and the mean CLIF-C AD score (41.108 ± 5.223 vs 45.100 ± 4.429, P = 0.033) in the underdilated group were significantly lower than those in the control group during 6 to 12 months after the procedure. In line with the control group, the ability to reduce portal pressure gradient (PPG) and achieve a significantly clinical remission of PVT and ascites severity was showed in the underdilated group 3 months after TIPS creation (P 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that no statistically significant differences were found in the cumulative incidence of no overt HE (OHE) (log-rank P = 0.383), cumulative incidence without shunt dysfunction (log-rank P = 0.283), cumulative incidence of no variceal rebleeding (log-rank P = 0.696), and survival (log-rank P = 0.341) (log-rank P = 0.341) between the two groups during the follow-up period.For patients with prior splenectomy, it is safe to employ underdilated TIPS, as the stents will eventually self-expand to 8 mm. The present study has shown some degree of liver function preservation in the underdilated group, which may be related to slower progressive changes in the portal hemodynamics.

Thermal management is critical for safety, performance, and durability of lithium-ion batteries that are ubiquitous in consumer electronics, electric vehicles (EVs), aerospace, and grid-scale energy storage. Toward mass adoption of EVs globally, lithium-ion batteries are increasingly used under extreme conditions including low temperatures, high temperatures, and fast charging. Furthermore, EV fires caused by battery thermal runaway have become a major hurdle to the wide adoption of EVs. These extreme conditions pose great challenges for thermal management and require unconventional strategies. The interactions between thermal, electrochemical, materials, and structural characteristics of batteries further complicate the challenges, but they also enable opportunities for developing innovative strategies of thermal management. In this review, the challenges for thermal management under extreme conditions are analyzed. Then, the progress is highlighted in two directions. One direction is improving battery thermal management systems based on the principles of heat transfer, which are generally external to Li-ion cells. The other direction is designing novel battery structures, which are generally internal of Li-ion cells such as smart batteries with embedded sensors and actuators. The latter approach could greatly simplify or even eliminate the need for battery thermal management under extreme conditions. New research integrating these two approaches is recommended.

Development of new self-calibrating fluorescent sensing methods has been a popular research field with the aim of protecting the human health and environment sustainability. In this work, a novel Eu-based metal organic framework (MOF) Eu(2,6-NDC)(COO) (BUC-88) was developed by employing 2,6-NDC (2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid) as bridging ligands. BUC-88 performed different sensing process toward quinolone antibiotics and tetracyclines antibiotics in terms of fluorescence intensity and color. BUC-88 exhibited excellent selectivity and sensitivity detection property toward enrofloxacin (ENR), norfloxacin (NOR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) over other Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs), accomplishing the detection limit of 0.12 μmol/L, 0.52 μmol/L, 0.75 μmol/L, respectively. Notably, BUC-88 acted as an excellent fluorescence sensor for tetracyclines antibiotics with fast response time (less than 1 s), high selectivity and sensitivity (LODs = 0.08 μmol/L). The fluorescent detection method was successfully used for visual and ultrasensitive detection of ENR, NOR, CIP and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) in lake water with satisfied recovery from 99.75% to 102.30%. Finally, the photoinduced electron transfer and the competitive absorption of ultraviolet light are the main mechanisms for sensitive detection toward quinolone antibiotics and tetracyclines antibiotics.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are ideal adsorbents because of their porous structure, ultra-large specific surface area, abundant active sites, and specific surface charge. Recently, light-response MOFs have received considerable research interests regarding their potential applications in environmental remediation, medical treatment, and artificial intelligence. This review systematically summarizes the recent progress of light-response MOFs and MOF-based composites for light-response adsorption/desorption. The fabrication strategies of light-response MOFs, including in situ synthesis, post-synthesis modification, and introduction of guest molecules, are presented. The mechanisms of light-induced structural change and light-responsive adsorption/desorption are summarized. The prospects for further development of light-response MOFs are discussed. The facile regeneration of light-response MOF-based adsorbents by light irradiation is highly promising for energy saving, environmental friendliness, and sustainability.

A Co-MOF with a 2D morphology (BUC-92) was prepared, which exhibited outstanding rhodamine B (RhB) degradation performance via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation.

Carbon-supported platinum-nickel alloy catalysts have become one of the main choices of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) due to the high catalytic activity toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this work, carbon aerogel supported platinum-nickel solid solution alloy catalysts (Pt3Ni/CA) with small particles (~ 3.5 nm) and uniform distribution were prepared via a simple one-step rapid reduction method during which no structure guide or stabilizer is added. In rotating disk electrode (RDE), the mass activity (MA, 0.25 A mgPt−1) and specific activity (SA, 4.69 A m−2) of the optimized Pt3Ni/CA catalysts for ORR are nearly 3.8 times and 6.5 times that of the state-of-the-art commercial carbon-supported platinum catalysts (Pt/C, 0.07 A mgPt−1 and 0.72 A m−2), respectively. After the accelerated durability test (ADT), the as-prepared Pt3Ni/CA catalysts still keep a satisfactory MA and SA which are more than 3.4 and 8.9 times as high as that of Pt/C. The Koutecký-Levich (K-L) equation shows that the electrochemical reaction conforms to be a 4e− process.

In this study, a high fuel utilization approach for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) is proposed and studied experimentally. This approach uses an ultra-low hydrogen stoichiometry supply (i.e....

Summary Electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft have attracted considerable interest as a disruptive technology to transform future transportation systems. Their unique operating profiles and requirements present grand challenges to batteries. This work identifies the primary battery requirements for eVTOL in terms of specific energy and power, fast charging, cycle life, and safety, revealing that eVTOL batteries have more stringent requirements than electric vehicle batteries in all aspects. Notably, we find that fast charging is essential for downsizing aircraft and batteries for low cost while achieving high vehicle utilization rates to maximize revenues. We experimentally demonstrate two energy-dense Li-ion battery designs that can recharge adequate energy for 80 km eVTOL trips in 5–10 min and sustain over 2,000 fast-charge cycles, laying a foundation for eVTOL batteries.

In this paper, ultrahigh fuel utilization (>98%) in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) is numerically studied to investigate three aspects for this operation strategy: its effect on fuel cell p...

Quantum internet gives the promise of getting all quantum resources connected, and it will enable applications far beyond a localized scenario. A prototype is a network of quantum memories that are entangled and well separated. In this Letter, we report the establishment of postselected entanglement between two atomic quantum memories physically separated by 12.5 km directly. We create atom-photon entanglement in one node and send the photon to a second node for storage via electromagnetically induced transparency. We harness low-loss transmission through a field-deployed fiber of 20.5 km by making use of frequency down-conversion and up-conversion. The final memory-memory entanglement is verified to have a fidelity of 90% via retrieving to photons. Our experiment makes a significant step forward toward the realization of a practical metropolitan-scale quantum network.

To explore the predictive value of model for end-stage liver disease (MELD)-Sarcopenia score for survival of cirrhotic patients after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement.289 patients who underwent TIPS between February 2016 and December 2020 were included, they were divided into the sarcopenia group ( n = 138) and non-sarcopenia group ( n = 151) according to whether they were complicated with sarcopenia. Kaplan-Meier curve was used to analyze and compare the prognosis of the above two groups and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify the independent prognostic factors. The performance of different predictive models was compared using C-index.During the follow-up, Kaplan-Meier analyses indicated that cumulative survival was significantly lower in sarcopenia group than that in non-sarcopenia group [74.6% vs. 92.7%, HR, 0.24 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.12-0.46), Log-rank P0.001]. After multivariate Cox analysis, age [HR, 1.040 (95% CI, 1.015-1.065), P = 0.002], sarcopenia [HR, 3.948 (95% CI, 1.989-7.838), P0.001], albumin [HR, 0.945 (95% CI, 0.897-0.997), P = 0.037], and MELD score [HR, 1.156 (95% CI, 1.097-1.217), P0.001] were identified as the independent risk factors for mortality after TIPS. The C-indexes of MELD-Sarcopenia, Child-Pugh, MELD, MELD-Na, and the Freiburg index of post-TIPS survival (FIPS) scores were 0.782, 0.688, 0.719, 0.734, and 0.770, respectively.Sarcopenia is independently correlated with post-TIPS mortality, and MELD-Sarcopenia score showed the best performance in predicting post-TIPS mortality than the traditional predictive models.

The pursuit of energy density has driven electric vehicle (EV) batteries from using lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes in early days to ternary layered oxides increasingly rich in nickel; however, it is impossible to forgo the LFP battery due to its unsurpassed safety, as well as its low cost and cobalt-free nature. Here we demonstrate a thermally modulated LFP battery to offer an adequate cruise range per charge that is extendable by 10 min recharge in all climates, essentially guaranteeing EVs that are free of range anxiety. Such a thermally modulated LFP battery designed to operate at a working temperature around 60 °C in any ambient condition promises to be a well-rounded powertrain for mass-market EVs. Furthermore, we reveal that the limited working time at the high temperature presents an opportunity to use graphite of low surface areas, thereby prospectively prolonging the EV lifespan to greater than two million miles. Ternary layered oxides dominate the current automobile batteries but suffer from material scarcity and operational safety. Here the authors report that, when operating at around 60 °C, a low-cost lithium iron phosphate-based battery exhibits ultra-safe, fast rechargeable and long-lasting properties.

Lithium-ion batteries with nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes and graphite anodes have reached specific energies of 250-300 Wh kgsup-1/sup(refs.sup1,2/sup), and it is now possible to build a 90 kWh electric vehicle (EV) pack with a 300-mile cruise range. Unfortunately, using such massive batteries to alleviate range anxiety is ineffective for mainstream EV adoption owing to the limited raw resource supply and prohibitively high cost. Ten-minute fast charging enables downsizing of EV batteries for both affordability and sustainability, without causing range anxiety. However, fast charging of energy-dense batteries (more than 250 Wh kgsup-/supsup1/supor higher than 4 mAh cmsup-/supsup2/sup) remains a great challengesup3,4/sup. Here we combine a material-agnostic approach based on asymmetric temperature modulation with a thermally stable dual-salt electrolyte to achieve charging of a 265 Wh kgsup-/supsup1/supbattery to 75% (or 70%) state of charge in 12 (or 11) minutes for more than 900 (or 2,000) cycles. This is equivalent to a half million mile range in which every charge is a fast charge. Further, we build a digital twin of such a battery pack to assess its cooling and safety and demonstrate that thermally modulated 4C charging only requires air convection. This offers a compact and intrinsically safe route to cell-to-pack development. The rapid thermal modulation method to yield highly active electrochemical interfaces only during fast charging has important potential to realize both stability and fast charging of next-generation materials, including anodes like silicon and lithium metal.

The adsorption properties of two kinds of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), PCN-228ʹ and PCN-230, have been studied by the grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method for the absorption of N2, H2, CH4...

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the function of lncRNA CASC15 (cancer susceptibility candidate 15) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as its regulatory roles in SOX4 expre...

Summary Adding a 200-mile range in 10 min, so-called extreme fast charging (XFC), is the key to mainstream adoption of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Here, we present an asymmetric temperature modulation (ATM) method that, on one hand, charges a Li-ion cell at an elevated temperature of 60°C to eliminate Li plating and, on the other, limits the exposure time at 60°C to only ∼10 min per cycle, or 0.1% of the lifetime of a BEV, to prevent severe solid-electrolyte-interphase growth. The asymmetric temperature between charge and discharge opens a new path to enhance kinetics and transport during charging while still achieving long life. We show that a 9.5-Ah 170-Wh/kg cell sustained 1,700 XFC cycles (6 C charge to 80% state of charge) at 20% capacity loss with the ATM, compared to 60 cycles for a control cell, and that a 209-Wh/kg BEV cell retained 91.7% capacity after 2,500 XFC cycles.

Novel belt shapes of a diazabicyclo[n,n,5.5]alkane center combined with double iodomethane salts were prepared in two steps by a reaction of phenylethylamine or 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine with ortho-bis(chloromethyl)benzenes. The syntheses and characteristics of these polycationic systems containing aza-belt rings are described. Judicious choice of the reaction conditions allowed these polycationic heterocycles to be generated in good yields, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed a change in chemical shifts caused by interactions between the functional groups.

Background Both periodontal disease and benign prostatic hyperplasia are age-related diseases that affect millions of people worldwide. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association between periodontal disease and the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods A total of 4930 participants were selected from an available health examination that was carried out in 2017, only males were considered for further analysis. All eligible males were divided into benign prostatic hyperplasia and normal groups, the benign prostatic hyperplasia group was then divided into prostate volume ≤ 60 g and > 60 g subgroups; all their periodontal status was extracted and then into normal (CPI score of 0), periodontal disease (CPI score between 1 and 4), and periodontitis (CPI score between 3 and 4) groups. The correlation between periodontal disease and benign prostatic hyperplasia was investigated using logistic regression analyses and greedy matching case-control analysis. Subgroup analysis based on prostate volume was also performed. All analyses were conducted with SAS 9.4 software. Results A total of 2171 males were selected for this analysis. The presence of periodontal disease significantly increased the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia by 1.68 times (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.26–2.24), and individuals with periodontitis showed a higher risk (OR = 4.18, 95% CI: 2.75–6.35). In addition, among matched cases and controls, this association remained robust (periodontal disease: OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.30–2.64; periodontitis: OR = 4.83, 95% CI: 2.57–9.07). Subgroup analysis revealed that periodontal disease significantly increased benign prostate hyperplasia risk as well (for prostate volume ≤ 60 g: OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.22–2.20; for volume > 60 g: OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.04–4.53), and there was a higher risk in the group with a prostate volume greater than 60 g. Conclusion Periodontal disease is significantly and positively associated with an increased risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Further validation studies should be performed to explore the relationship between periodontal treatment and benign prostate hyperplasia.

A distributed power system operation and control node privacy and security are attractive research questions that deliver electrical energy systems to the participating stakeholders without being physically connected to the grid system. The increased use of renewable energy in the power grid environment creates serious issues, for example, connectivity, transmission, distribution, control, balancing, and monitoring volatility on both sides. This poses extreme challenges to tackle the entire bidirectional power flow throughout the system. To build distributed monitoring and a secure control operation of node transactions in the real-time system that can manage and execute power exchanging and utilizing, balancing, and maintaining energy power failure. This paper proposed a blockchain Hyperledger Sawtooth enabling a novel and secure distributed energy transmission node in the EPS-ledger network architecture with a robust renewable power infiltration. The paper focuses on a cyber-physical power grid control and monitoring system of renewable energy and protects this distributed network transaction on the blockchain and stores a transparent digital ledger of power. The Hyperledger Sawtooth-enabled architecture allows stakeholders to exchange information related to power operations and control monitoring in a private ledger network architecture and investigate the different activities, preserved in the interplanetary file systems. Furthermore, we design, create, and deploy digital contracts of the cyber–physical energy monitoring system, which allows interaction between participating stakeholders and registration and presents the overall working operations of the proposed architecture through a sequence diagram. The proposed solution delivers integrity, confidentiality, transparency, availability, and control access of the distribution of the power system and maintains an immutable operations and control monitoring ledger by secure blockchain technology.

The year 2017 was when electric vehicles (EVs) came of age. EV sales, according to Macquarie Bank, climbed from 740,000 vehicles in 2016 to 1.1 million, an increase of 51%. In terms of market shares, EVs accounted for 1.7% of new car sales in 2017, up from 1.1% in 2016. Although still small in the grand scheme of things, the growth rate was exceptional. All market movers are now taking EVs seriously, as evidenced by a flurry of announcements last year about the plans of major automakers for the EV market. Should these plans come to fruition, we are foreseeing roughly 400 models and 25 million sales of EVs by 2025.

A mixed valence terbium metal–organic framework (MOF), [Tb2(HCOO)(clhex)·2H2O)]·2H2O (BUC-68) was obtained from the reaction of 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexacarboxylic acid (H6clhex), formic acid, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and the terbium salt under hydrothermal condition at 140 °C. The crystallographic analysis revealed that the three-dimensional BUC-68 is composed of two-dimensional [Tb2(clhex)·2H2O)] sheets linked by formic ligand. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) analysis revealed that there were terbium (III) and terbium (IV) presented in BUC-68. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that BUC-68 was stable up to 350 °C. Photoluminescent measurement showed that BUC-68 displays strong luminescence emission, which was arose from efficient ligand to metal energy transfer transitions. Finally, BUC-68 was utilized to conduct selective detect of naproxen (NPX) and some small organic molecules.

In situ photocatalytic degradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) of stormwater runoff can efficiently improve the aquatic environment quality and relieve the wastewater treatment pressure. In this work, photocatalytic degradation of DOM in TiO2 (AEROXIDE® P-25) photocatalyst under illumination of ultraviolet (UV) light was carried out, considering the influence of various factors like TiO2 dosage, solution pH along with the existence of co-existing ions (Cu2+ and H2PO4-). Generally, the variations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV-based parameters and peak intensities of fluorescent constituents with UV exposure time fitted perfectly with the pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The total DOM removal efficiency was affected by diversiform factors like adsorption capacity of TiO2, UV light utilization efficiency, reactive free radicals produced and the influence of co-existing ions. The results of fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) coupled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) modeling demonstrated that all the photodegradation rates for three identified fluorescent constituents (protein-like constituent 1 and 3, humic-like constituent 2) were faster than UV-absorbing chromophores, suggesting the DOM molecules in urban stormwater runoff contained much more π*-π transition structures. In addition, H2PO4- ions affected the photodegradation of DOM by capturing positive holes (h+) and hydroxyl radical (·OH), whereas Cu2+ ions were inclined to generate Cu-protein complexes that were more difficult to degrade than the other Cu-DOM complexes. This study supplied novel insights into the photocatalytic degradation mechanism of individual organic constituent in urban stormwater runoff and explored the influences of co-existing contaminants on their adsorption-photocatalysis processes.