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The purpose of this study is to look closely at how aspects of instructional leadership, and organizational learning affect the quality of madrasah in improving the quality of graduate the state madrasah aliyah. The experiment was conducted using a quantitative approach with descriptive and inferential methods, in inferential methods used correlation analysis and regression analysis. The process is first conducted analysis of data validity and reliability of data as well as test for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test. The study population is the overall teacher the State Madrasah Aliyah at Jakarta Capital Region. The study sample size of 150 teachers. The collecting data about the instrument with research using Likert scale, to obtain data on instructional leadership, organizational learning, quality of madrassah and the quality of graduates. The results of research known that headmaster instructional leadership has a strong and positive relationship with the quality of the madrasah, the quality of graduates, organizational Learnings have strong relationships and positive impact on the quality of madrasah. The quality of graduates and have a reciprocal relationship with a high instructional leadership. It can be concluded that an increasing in the quality of madrasah and the quality of graduates at the school can be done with an increase in instructional leadership and organization of learning in the madrasah. Thus improvement instructional leadership and organizational learning have a positive influence on the improvement of the quality of madrasah and the achievement of the quality of graduates.

More than 1.5 billion people or 24% of the world's population experience worm infections that are transmitted through the soil. Worm infections that occur can damage the nutritional status in the form of anemia in all children, especially school age. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional anemia and the incidence of helminthiasis. This research method is an analytical observational with a cross-sectional design. The population in the study was conducted on elementary school children in the working area of the Air Biliti Health Center, Musi Rawas Regency in 2021. The sample in this study was 98 with simple random sampling at five schools in the working area of the Air Biliti Health Center. The study was conducted in March 2021. The results of this study showed that most of the proportions of negative helminth infections were 60 (61.2%), not anemic 71 (72.4%), Class VI 39 (39.8%), 11 years old 32 (32,7 % ), female 50 (51.0%), high parental education 53 (54.1%), farmer occupation 61 (62.2%), income 50 (51.0%). The results of the analysis of the significant relationship between nutritional anemia (p value 0.000, OR = 6.500) and infection rates in elementary school-aged children in the work area of Air Biliti Health Center, Musi Rawas Regency. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the importance of maintaining environmental cleanliness and personal hygiene, coupled with the habit of taking a worm medicine and attention from parents to reduce helminth infections that cause children to experience nutritional anemia.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the potential of phosphorylated plasma Tau217 ratio (pTau217R) and plasma amyloid beta (Aβ) 42/Aβ40 in predicting brain amyloid levels measured by positron emission tomography (PET) Centiloid (CL) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) staging and screening. METHODS: Quantification of plasma pTau217R and Aβ42/Aβ40 employed immunoprecipitation‐mass spectrometry. CL prediction models were developed on a cohort of 904 cognitively unimpaired, preclinical and early AD subjects and validated on two independent cohorts. RESULTS: Models integrating pTau217R outperformed Aβ42/Aβ40 alone, predicting amyloid levels up to 89.1 CL. High area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) values (89.3% to 94.7%) were observed across a broad CL range (15 to 90). Utilizing pTau217R‐based models for low amyloid levels reduced PET scans by 70.5% to 78.6%. DISCUSSION: pTau217R effectively predicts brain amyloid levels, surpassing cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42/Aβ40's range. Combining it with plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 enhances sensitivity for low amyloid detection, reducing unnecessary PET scans and expanding clinical utility. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIERS: NCT02956486 (MissionAD1), NCT03036280 (MissionAD2), NCT04468659 (AHEAD3‐45), NCT03887455 (ClarityAD) Highlights: Phosphorylated plasma Tau217 ratio (pTau217R) effectively predicts amyloid‐PET Centiloid (CL) across a broad spectrum.Integrating pTau217R with Aβ42/Aβ40 extends the CL prediction upper limit to 89.1 CL.Combined model predicts amyloid status with high accuracy, especially in cognitively unimpaired individuals.This model identifies subjects above or below various CL thresholds with high accuracy.pTau217R‐based models significantly reduce PET scans by up to 78.6% for screening out individuals with no/low amyloid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Models for forecasting individual clinical progression trajectories in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) are needed for optimizing clinical studies and patient monitoring. METHODS: Prediction models were constructed using a clinical trial training cohort (TC; n = 934) via a gradient boosting algorithm and then evaluated in two validation cohorts (VC 1, n = 235; VC 2, n = 421). Model inputs included baseline clinical features (cognitive function assessments, APOE ε4 status, and demographics) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures. RESULTS: The model using clinical features achieved R2 of 0.21 and 0.31 for predicting 2‐year cognitive decline in VC 1 and VC 2, respectively. Adding MRI features improved the R2 to 0.29 in VC 1, which employed the same preprocessing pipeline as the TC. Utilizing these model‐based predictions for clinical trial enrichment reduced the required sample size by 20% to 49%. DISCUSSION: Our validated prediction models enable baseline prediction of clinical progression trajectories in early AD, benefiting clinical trial enrichment and various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction Relationship between self– and informant memory concerns and tau aggregation was assessed in adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods Regional mean standardized uptake value ratios were extracted from [18F]flortaucipir positron emission tomography (PET) scans of 82 at‐risk adults in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. Associations between self– and informant ECog memory scores and tau aggregation were analyzed on both regional and voxelwise bases. Analyses were completed both on the whole sample and restricted to amyloid‐positive individuals only. Results Memory concerns were associated with tau aggregation. Self‐perception was more associated with frontal tau. In contrast, informant scores were more associated with parietal tau. This source‐by‐region interaction was more prominent in amyloid‐positive participants and observed in both regional and voxelwise analyses. Discussion Quantitative assessment of perceived memory functioning may be useful for screening older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Individuals and their informants may provide complementary information relating to the anatomical distribution of tau.

Abstract Introduction It has been proposed that the signal distribution on tau positron emission tomography (PET) images could be used to define pathologic stages similar to those seen in neuropathology. Methods Three topographic staging schemes for tau PET, two sampling the temporal and occipital subregions only and one sampling cortical gray matter across the major brain lobes, were evaluated on flortaucipir F 18 PET images in a test‐retest scenario and from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2. Results All three schemes estimated stages that were significantly associated with amyloid status and when dichotomized to tau positive or negative were 90% to 94% concordant in the populations identified. However, the schemes with fewer regions and simpler decision rules yielded more robust performance in terms of fewer unclassified scans and increased test‐retest reproducibility of assigned stage. Discussion Tau PET staging schemes could be useful tools to concisely index the regional involvement of tau pathology in living subjects. Simpler schemes may be more robust.

Background: Tau positron emission tomography (PET) is increasingly used in the clinical evaluation of patients and as an outcome measure in Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials. Due to differences in tracer properties, instrumentation, and methods of analysis, however, tau‐PET outcome data cannot currently be meaningfully compared or combined. Here, we tested i) the feasibility of adapting the Centiloid method—an approach originally developed to standardize amyloid PET—to harmonize tau‐PET quantification (CenTauRs); ii) the performance of a non‐linear mixed model‐based approach (Joint Propagation Model) that does not require the use of a reference tracer. Methods: Head‐to‐head tau‐PET data (Table 1) was included from two cohorts ([18F]RO948 vs [18F]flortaucipir, n = 37 [BioFINDER‐2]; [18F]flortaucipir [Avid A05] vs [18F]MK‐6240, n = 15, University of Pittsburgh) in which each participant was scanned with two tau‐PET tracers. Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) values were calculated using the inferior cerebellar cortex as the reference region. Anchor point data (Table 1) was derived for each tracer using the following criteria: CenTauR‐0, cognitively unimpaired (CU), amyloid PET negative (<10 Centiloids); CenTauR‐100, amyloid PET positive (>50 Centiloids), typical (temporoparietal) AD pattern on tau‐PET visual read, age<65 andMMSE>20. Regions‐of‐interest (ROIs) included a universal tau‐PET ROI—based on the intersection of tracer specific ([18F]flortaucipir, [18F]MK‐6240, [18F]PI‐2620, [18F]PM‐PBB3, [18F]GTP1 and [18F]RO948) masks that had been derived by subtracting average of amyloid‐negative CU images from the average AD image—as well as four subregions delineated within this ROI (medial temporal, meta‐temporal, temporoparietal and frontal) (Figure 1A). An overview of the adapted Centiloid‐like approach and the joint propagation model is shown in Figure 1B. Results: High R2 values were observed between tracers across all ROIs: [18F]RO948 vs [18F]flortaucipir, average 0.965 [range 0.923 (frontal) to 0.986 (universal)]; [18F]MK‐6240 vs [18F]flortaucipir, average 0.985 [range, 0.923 (medial temporal) to 0.991 (frontal)]. The Centiloid‐like and joint propagation model approaches provided near identical CenTauR values (Figure 2). Conclusions: Preliminary findings support the development of standardized scale for tau‐PET using both a Centiloid‐like or joint propagation model approach. Additional data and consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of each will be needed to recommend one approach over the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : Nutrition is important thing to maintain imunity. COVID-19 patients require comprehensive management and support of nutritional care. Objective : To analyze nutrition service policies at the COVID-19 referral hospital in Palembang. Method : The research was conducted qualitatively with 30 informants (5 heads of nutrition section, 5 heads of nutrition installations, 5 nutritionists, 10 processing staff and 5 waitresses). The research instruments are in-depth interviews, interview guides and observations. Data analysis was done descriptively and triangulated. Results : The implementation of nutrition service policies: (a) standart and goals has been realized and strengthened by internal policy, (b) financial, human resources, and fasilities were adequate, (c) officer were very serious implementing nutrition care policy, (d) communication between officer have been done, but inconsistent, (e) officer's attitude very supportive, but constrained by different understanding, (f) sosioeconomic and policy situation were in a good situation, proofed by all of policy's actors support the nutrition service program. Conclusion :The non-optimal implementation of nutrition service caused by lack of officer's skill, knowledge and understanding about COVID-19, especially nutritionist, chef, and waitresses. We suggest to improve cooperation between relevant institutions and stakeholders to support the nutrition service policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]