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3. An Event-Level Clustering Framework for Process Mining Using Common Sequential Rules

Author

Tariq, Zeeshan, Charles, Darryl, McClean, Sally, McChesney, Ian, Taylor, Paul, Akan, Ozgur, Editorial Board Member, Bellavista, Paolo, Editorial Board Member, Cao, Jiannong, Editorial Board Member, Coulson, Geoffrey, Editorial Board Member, Dressler, Falko, Editorial Board Member, Ferrari, Domenico, Editorial Board Member, Gerla, Mario, Editorial Board Member, Kobayashi, Hisashi, Editorial Board Member, Palazzo, Sergio, Editorial Board Member, Sahni, Sartaj, Editorial Board Member, Shen, Xuemin (Sherman), Editorial Board Member, Stan, Mircea, Editorial Board Member, Jia, Xiaohua, Editorial Board Member, Zomaya, Albert Y., Editorial Board Member, Miraz, Mahdi H., editor, Southall, Garfield, editor, Ali, Maaruf, editor, Ware, Andrew, editor, and Soomro, Safeeullah, editor

Published
2021
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4. Virtual Reality Design for Stroke Rehabilitation

Author

Charles, Darryl, Holmes, Dominic, Charles, Therese, McDonough, Suzanne, Crusio, Wim E., Series Editor, Lambris, John D., Series Editor, Radeke, Heinfried H., Series Editor, Rezaei, Nima, Series Editor, and Rea, Paul M., editor

Published
2020
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5. Behavlet Analytics for Player Profiling and Churn Prediction

Author

Charles, Darryl, Cowley, Benjamin Ultan, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Stephanidis, Constantine, editor, Harris, Don, editor, Li, Wen-Chin, editor, Schmorrow, Dylan D., editor, Fidopiastis, Cali M., editor, Zaphiris, Panayiotis, editor, Ioannou, Andri, editor, Fang, Xiaowen, editor, Sottilare, Robert A., editor, and Schwarz, Jessica, editor

Published
2020
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6. Adaptive Artificial Intelligence in Games: Issues, Requirements, and a Solution through Behavlets-based General Player Modelling

Author

Cowley, Benjamin Ultan and Charles, Darryl

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

We present the last of a series of three academic essays which deal with the question of how and why to build a generalized player model. We propose that a general player model needs parameters for subjective experience of play, including: player psychology, game structure, and actions of play. Based on this proposition, we pose three linked research questions: RQ1 what is a necessary and sufficient foundation to a general player model?; RQ2 can such a foundation improve performance of a computational intelligence- based player model?; and RQ3 can such a player model improve efficacy of adaptive artificial intelligence in games? We set out the arguments behind these research questions in each of the three essays, presented as three preprints. The third essay, in this preprint, presents the argument that adaptive game artificial intelligence will be enhanced by a generalised player model. This is because games are inherently human artefacts which therefore, require some encoding of the human perspective in order to effectively autonomously respond to the individual player. The player model informs the necessary constraints on the adaptive artificial intelligence. A generalised player model is not only more efficient than a per-game solution, but also allows comparison between games which makes it a useful tool for studying play in general. We describe the concept and meaning of an adaptive game. We propose requirements for functional adaptive AI, arguing from first principles drawn from the games research literature. We propose solutions to these requirements, based on a formal model approach to our existing 'Behavlets' method for psychologically-derived player modelling: Cowley, B., & Charles, D. (2016). Behavlets: a Method for Practical Player Modelling using Psychology-Based Player Traits and Domain Specific Features. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 26(2), 257-306., Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure

Published
2016

7. Utility of a Behavlets approach to a Decision theoretic predictive player model

Author

Cowley, Benjamin Ultan and Charles, Darryl

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, H.1.2
Abstract

We present the second in a series of three academic essays which deal with the question of how to build a generalized player model. We begin with a proposition: a general model of players requires parameters for the subjective experience of play, including at least three areas: a) player psychology, b) game structure, and c) actions of play. Based on this proposition, we pose three linked research questions, which make incomplete progress toward a generalized player model: RQ1 what is a necessary and sufficient foundation to a general player model?; RQ2 can such a foundation improve performance of a computational intelligence-based player model?; and RQ3 can such a player model improve efficacy of adaptive artificial intelligence in games? We set out the arguments for each research question in each of the three essays, presented as three preprints. The second essay, in this preprint, illustrates how our 'Behavlets' method can improve the performance and accuracy of a predictive player model in the well-known Pac-Man game, by providing a simple foundation for areas a) to c) above. We then propose a plan for future work to address RQ2 by conclusively testing the Behavlets approach. This plan builds on the work proposed in the first preprint essay to address RQ1, and in turn provides support for work on RQ3. The Behavlets approach was described previously; therefore if citing this work please use the correct citation: Cowley B, Charles D. Behavlets: a Method for Practical Player Modelling using Psychology-Based Player Traits and Domain Specific Features. User Modelling and User-Adapted Interaction. 2016 Feb 8; online (Special Issue on Personality in Personalized Systems):1-50., Comment: Not a conference submission. Not a journal. 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table

Published
2016

8. Short Literature Review for a General Player Model Based on Behavlets

Author

Cowley, Benjamin Ultan and Charles, Darryl

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, H.1.2
Abstract

We present the first in a series of three academic essays which deal with the question of how to build a generalized player model. We begin with a proposition: a general model of players requires parameters for the subjective experience of play, including at least: player psychology, game structure, and actions of play. Based on this proposition, we pose three linked research questions, which make incomplete progress toward a generalised player model: RQ1 what is a necessary and sufficient foundation to a general player model?; RQ2 can such a foundation improve performance of a computational intelligence-based player model?; and RQ3 can such a player model improve efficacy of adaptive artificial intelligence in games? We set out the arguments behind these research questions in each of the three essays, presented as three preprints. The first essay, in this preprint, reviews the literature for the core foundations for a general player model. We then propose a plan for future work to systematically extend the review and thus provide an empirical answer to RQ1 above. This work will directly support the proposed approach to address RQ2 and RQ3 above. This review was developed to support our 'Behavlets' approach to player modelling; therefore if citing this work, please use the relevant citation: Cowley B, Charles D. Behavlets: a Method for Practical Player Modelling using Psychology-Based Player Traits and Domain Specific Features. User Modelling and User-Adapted Interaction. 2016 Feb 8; online (Special Issue on Personality in Personalized Systems):1-50., Comment: Not a conference submission, not a journal. 7 pages, 1 table

Published
2016

9. Economic Impact of Resource Optimisation in Cloud Environment Using Different Virtual Machine Allocation Policies

Author

Ahmad, Bilal, Maroof, Zaib, McClean, Sally, Charles, Darryl, Parr, Gerard, Akan, Ozgur, Editorial Board Member, Bellavista, Paolo, Editorial Board Member, Cao, Jiannong, Editorial Board Member, Coulson, Geoffrey, Editorial Board Member, Dressler, Falko, Editorial Board Member, Ferrari, Domenico, Editorial Board Member, Gerla, Mario, Editorial Board Member, Kobayashi, Hisashi, Editorial Board Member, Palazzo, Sergio, Editorial Board Member, Sahni, Sartaj, Editorial Board Member, Shen, Xuemin (Sherman), Editorial Board Member, Stan, Mircea, Editorial Board Member, Xiaohua, Jia, Editorial Board Member, Zomaya, Albert Y., Editorial Board Member, Miraz, Mahdi H., editor, Excell, Peter S., editor, Ware, Andrew, editor, Soomro, Safeeullah, editor, and Ali, Maaruf, editor

Published
2019
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10. A Generic Model for End State Prediction of Business Processes Towards Target Compliance

Author

Khan, Naveed, Ali, Zulfiqar, Ali, Aftab, McClean, Sally, Charles, Darryl, Taylor, Paul, Nauck, Detlef, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Bramer, Max, editor, and Petridis, Miltos, editor

Published
2019
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17. Gaming for Health: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Physical and Cognitive Effects of Active Computer Gaming in Older Adults

Author

Howes, Sarah C., Charles, Darryl K., Marley, Joanne, Pedlow, Katy, and McDonough, Suzanne M.

Subjects
Elderly -- Health aspects -- Physiological aspects, Computer games -- Influence, Computer game, Health
Abstract

Background. Active computer gaming (ACG) is a method of facilitating physical activity in older people to improve health outcomes. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to update and extend a systematic review of the evidence for ACG to determine its effects on physical and cognitive health in older adults. Data Sources. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL in the Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO databases were searched from the date of the previous review (2011) to May 2016. Study Selection. Eligible articles were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of ACG in adults aged 65 and older. Data Extraction. Thirty-five studies were eligible for inclusion. Two review authors independently conducted data extraction, risk-of-bias assessment, and coding of behavior change techniques. Outcomes of interest were analyzed as continuous data and pooled as standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to determine the quality of the evidence. Data Synthesis. Behavior change techniques (N = 106) were coded in the included studies (mean = 3.02). Data were pooled for 5 main outcomes of interest. Significant moderate effects in favor of ACG were observed for balance (SMD = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.24 to 0.79; 17 studies; 743 participants), for functional exercise capacity when intervention delivery was >12O minutes per week (SMD = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.15 to 0.90; 5 studies; 116 participants), and for cognitive function (SMD = -0.48, 95% CI = -0.80 to 0.17; 8 studies; 459 participants). There was no significant effect observed for functional mobility or fear of falling. Limitations. The quality of the evidence for all comparisons was graded low or very low. Conclusions. At present there is very little confidence that ACG improves physical and cognitive outcomes in older adults., Aging is associated with reduced independence due to physical and cognitive decline. Engaging in higher levels of physical activity is associated with higher levels of physical function and independence in [...]

Published
2017
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18. Adaptive Storytelling and Story Repair in a Dynamic Environment

Author

Paul, Richard, Charles, Darryl, McNeill, Michael, McSherry, David, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Si, Mei, editor, Thue, David, editor, André, Elisabeth, editor, Lester, James C., editor, Tanenbaum, Theresa Jean, editor, and Zammitto, Veronica, editor

Published
2011
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20. MIST: An Interactive Storytelling System with Variable Character Behavior

Author

Paul, Richard, Charles, Darryl, McNeill, Michael, McSherry, David, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Aylett, Ruth, editor, Lim, Mei Yii, editor, Louchart, Sandy, editor, Petta, Paolo, editor, and Riedl, Mark, editor

Published
2010
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21. Adaptive Virtual Reality Games for Rehabilitation of Motor Disorders

Author

Ma, Minhua, McNeill, Michael, Charles, Darryl, McDonough, Suzanne, Crosbie, Jacqui, Oliver, Louise, McGoldrick, Clare, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, and Stephanidis, Constantine, editor

Published
2007
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22. User-System-Experience Model for User Centered Design in Computer Games

Author

Cowley, Ben, Charles, Darryl, Black, Michaela, Hickey, Ray, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Wade, Vincent P., editor, Ashman, Helen, editor, and Smyth, Barry, editor

Published
2006
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24. Relevance-Based Adaptive Event Communication for Mobile Environments with Variable QoS Capabilities

Author

Workman, Stephen, Parr, Gerard, Morrow, Philip, Charles, Darryl, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Dough, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Dalmau Royo, Jordi, editor, and Hasegawa, Go, editor

Published
2005
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25. Game-Based Feedback for Educational Multi-User Virtual Environments

Author

Charles, Darryl, Charles, Therese, and McNeill, Michael

Abstract

It is generally accepted that informative and timely feedback is important to a student's learning experience within higher education. In the study of commercial digital games it has also become increasingly understood that games are particularly good at providing effective feedback of this form to gameplayers. We discuss recent game based learning research that attempts to harness the motivating qualities of digital games to inform the design of educational technology. Results from this research demonstrate student participation and performance can be improved by providing Game-Based Feedback (GBF) to students. The GBF approach awards points to students for the successful completion of tasks throughout a course of study. Points and achievements accumulated over time builds a profile that provides a student with a potentially powerful representation of their educational identity. In this paper, we argue that virtual worlds are particularly suitable for this form of GBF and can further enhance a student's understanding of their educational standing. We outline a Virtual Learning Landscape (VLL) design that is embedded within a multi-user virtual environment, where educational feedback is supplied to students via their avatar and a virtual world's landscape. The core structural principles of the proposed VLL are explained and several examples of the use of the VLL are provided to illustrate the system.

Published
2011
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26. AI: the Missing Link in Digital Game Interface Design?

Author

Charles, Darryl, Livingstone, Daniel, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Dough, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, and Rauterberg, Matthias, editor

Published
2004
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27. Integrating Ideas About Invisible Playgrounds from Play Theory into Online Educational Digital Games

Author

Charles, Darryl, McAlister, Moira, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Dough, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, and Rauterberg, Matthias, editor

Published
2004
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41. Reinforcement Learning

Author

Charles, Darryl, primary, Fyfe, Colin, additional, Livingstone, Daniel, additional, and McGlinchey, Stephen, additional

Published
2008
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46. Genetic Algorithms

Author

Charles, Darryl, primary, Fyfe, Colin, additional, Livingstone, Daniel, additional, and McGlinchey, Stephen, additional

Published
2008
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50. Beyond the GA

Author

Charles, Darryl, primary, Fyfe, Colin, additional, Livingstone, Daniel, additional, and McGlinchey, Stephen, additional

Published
2008
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