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El presente artículo expone la necesidad de que la gestión de los aspectos ESG pase de un enfoque reactivo empujado por los cambios regulatorios y las obligaciones de reporting, a uno proactivo, donde los conceptos de sostenibilidad son embebidos en todos y cada uno de los procesos de la empresa, siendo necesario revisar los procesos, la organización y las herramientas de información e integración utilizadas. Tras realizar una reflexión en profundidad sobre modelos de gobierno, modelos operativos y de gestión de riesgos, el artículo destaca el papel que la transformación digital y el desarrollo de ecosistemas de colaboración e innovación a lo largo de las cadenas de valor, como palancas fundamentales de este cambio. Recibido: 17 octubre 2022Aceptado: 08 noviembre 2022

The principal barrier to an HIV cure is the presence of a latent viral reservoir (LVR) made up primarily of latently infected resting CD4+ (rCD4) T-cells. Studies in the United States have shown that the LVR decays slowly (half-life=3.8 years), but this rate in African populations has been understudied. This study examined longitudinal changes in the inducible replication competent LVR (RC-LVR) of ART-suppressed Ugandans living with HIV (n=88) from 2015-2020 using the quantitative viral outgrowth assay, which measures infectious units per million (IUPM) rCD4 T-cells. In addition, outgrowth viruses were examined with site-directed next-generation sequencing to assess for possible ongoing viral evolution. During the study period (2018-19), Uganda instituted a nationwide rollout of first-line ART consisting of Dolutegravir (DTG) with two NRTI, which replaced the previous regimen that consisted of one NNRTI and the same two NRTI. Changes in the RC-LVR were analyzed using two versions of a novel Bayesian model that estimated the decay rate over time on ART as a single, linear rate (model A) or allowing for an inflection at time of DTG initiation (model B). Model A estimated the population-level slope of RC-LVR change as a non-significant positive increase. This positive slope was due to a temporary increase in the RC-LVR that occurred 0-12 months post-DTG initiation (pAuthor SummaryHIV is a largely incurable infection despite the use of highly successful antiretroviral drugs (ARV) due to the presence of a population of long-living resting CD4+ T cells, which can harbor a complete copy of the virus integrated into the host cell’s DNA. We examined changes in the levels of these cells, referred to as the latent viral reservoir, in a group of ARV-treated Ugandans living with HIV. During this examination, Uganda authorities switched the backbone drug used in ARV regimens to a different class of drug that blocks the ability of the virus to integrate into the cell’s DNA. We found that for approximately a year after this switch to the new drug, there was a temporary spike in the size of the latent viral reservoir despite the new drug continuing to completely suppress viral replication with no apparent adverse clinical effects.

Uniquely among mammalian organs, skin is capable of marked size change in adults, yet the mechanisms underlying this notable capacity are unclear. Here, we use a system of controlled tissue expansion in mice to uncover cellular and molecular determinants of skin growth. Through machine learning–guided three-dimensional tissue reconstruction, we capture morphometric changes in growing skin. We find that most growth is driven by the proliferation of the epidermis in response to mechanical tension, with more limited changes in dermal and subdermal compartments. Epidermal growth is achieved through preferential activation and differentiation of Lgr6 + stem cells of the epidermis, driven in part by the Hippo pathway. By single-cell RNA sequencing, we uncover further changes in mechanosensitive and metabolic pathways underlying growth control in the skin. These studies point to therapeutic strategies to enhance skin growth and establish a platform for understanding organ size dynamics in adult mammals.

Hepatitis E is an important global disease, causing outbreaks of acute hepatitis in many developing countries and sporadic cases in industrialized countries. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection typically causes self-limiting acute hepatitis but can also progress to chronic disease in immunocompromised individuals. The immune response necessary for prevention of chronic infection is T cell-dependent; however, the arm of cellular immunity responsible for this protection is not currently known. To investigate the contribution of humoral immunity in control of HEV infection and prevention of chronicity, we experimentally infected 20 wild-type and 18 immunoglobulin knockout (JH-KO) chickens with a chicken strain of HEV (avian HEV). After 4 weeks post-infection (wpi) with avian HEV, JH-KO chickens were unable to elicit anti-HEV antibody but had statistically significantly lower liver lesion scores than the wild-type chickens. At 16 wpi, viral RNA in fecal material and liver, and severe liver lesions were undetectable in both groups. To determine role of cytotoxic lymphocytes in prevention of chronicity, we infected 20 wild-type and 20 cyclosporine and CD8(+) antibody-treated chickens with the same strain of avian HEV. The CD8(+) lymphocyte-depleted, HEV-infected chickens had higher incidences of prolonged fecal viral shedding and statistically significantly higher liver lesion scores than the untreated, HEV-infected birds at 16 wpi. The results indicate that CD8(+) lymphocytes are required for viral clearance and reduction of liver lesions in HEV infection while antibodies are not necessary for viral clearance but may contribute to the development of liver lesions in acute HEV infection.

Traditional fastening systems exhibit various limitations that a next-generation shape memory polymer (SMP) system can overcome. Bolts and screws provide high-strength attachment but require permanent modification to the system and are typically visible, depending on the configuration. Adhesive bonding can provide high-strength attachment and low visibility, but it is irreversible. Hook and loop fasteners offer reversibility, but the fastened strength and the removal force are similar, limiting the applications. The unique properties of SMP enable a fastening system that offers advantages not currently available in any one fastening system, including reversibility, low visibility, and high-strength attachment. Cornerstone Research Group (CRG) designed a fastener system that consists of an array of SMP heads and stems that interlock. The high modulus of the SMP at room temperature provides rigid attachment, keeping the system interlocked. When activated above the glass transition temperature (T g ), the heads and stems become soft and flexible, reducing the force required during attachment and detachment of the system. The shape memory property of the SMP ensures all heads and stems return to their original position to allow proper alignment. The developed system provides shear and tensile strength in excess of 300 psi with tensile detachment requiring only 2 psi. The material selection, design, testing, and optimization of the SMP fastening system are discussed.

This report focuses on (1) consumers' attitudes toward the responsibilities of government, textile and apparel industries, and consumers toward environmental pollution and energy conservation as related to textile and apparel products and (2) whether selected characteristics of the consumers influenced their responses. Data were generated from a mail survey of a stratified systematic sample of house holds in an urban area of south Louisiana. The views of 246 women who re sponded to the Likert statements are summarized. The women had correlated, positive attitudes toward controlling environmental pollution and conserving en ergy. However, their views did not differ, univariate or multivariate, according to familial social class, family size, and age of respondent. Consumers' views were different when the statements were categorized according to agency or group perceived to have control over the specific energy conservation or environmental pollution situation described in each statement. That is, responsibilities of textile and apparel industries for both concepts were evaluated differently from those of government, and both were evaluated differently from those of consumers.

This paper presents an evaluation of ERTS imagery for forest inventory in the boreal forest region. The work illustrates that, by combining phenological knowledge and seasonal variations with the knowledge of spectral reflectance patterns, the interpretation of forest cover types from ERTS imagery is improved.