164 results on '"Chastang JF"'
Search Results
2. Psychological stress among hospital doctors caring for HIV patients in the late nineties
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Castano I, F. Lert, and Chastang Jf
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Social Psychology ,Population ,HIV Infections ,Workload ,Occupational burnout ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Medical Staff, Hospital ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,Psychiatry ,Burnout, Professional ,Analysis of Variance ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,Mental health ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Psychological well-being ,Family medicine ,Female ,Job satisfaction ,France ,General Health Questionnaire ,business ,Stress, Psychological - Abstract
To assess stress and satisfaction related to HIV medical work and its impact on psychological wellbeing, a cross-sectional study was undertaken among the population of doctors caring for HIV/AIDS patients in French hospitals. They were sent a questionnaire on demographic and professional characteristics along with three additional scales: the Consultants Mental Health Questionnaire with three components - stress, satisfaction and responses to job stress; the Maslach Burnout Inventory; and the GHQ-12 (General Health Questionnaire). A total of 670 physicians responded anonymously (65.4% participation). For 45% of respondents, HIV/AIDS represented less than 25% of their activity. Three dimensions were extracted by multivariate analysis from the stress scale (overload, social relationships at work, patients/family distress) and four dimensions from the satisfaction scale (work content, patients/family, peer recognition, work environment). Length of time working in HIV/AIDS, and proportion of clinical work in HIV/AIDS were not related to either stress or satisfaction. Only participation in NGOs increased the level of stress. Stress was not related to time spent in clinical work, neither to HIV work. Satisfaction derived from work decreases with time in direct contact with patients and is mainly related to the position in hospital. Eleven per cent sought help from professionals for psychological problems. Stress derived from patients suffering was not related to any psychological outcomes. Work overload and stress derived from social relationships at work are the main predictors of psychological distress, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, while the moderator effect of satisfaction is weak. In the late nineties, the amount of HIV work did not appear as a specific feature of hospital medical work. more...
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- 2001
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Catalog
3. Disabling low back pain and social status, results from a national study in France
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Leclerc, A, Chastang, JF, Regnard, I, Ravaud, Jean-François, CERMES - Centre de recherche Médecine, Science, Santé Société (CERMES - UMR 8169 / U750), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) more...
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[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
International audience; Objective – Describe the relationships between disabling low back pain (LBP) and social status in France. Methods – The data were issued from the HID survey, a national survey on disability and handicap. Data from the two waves, 1999 and 2001, were used, for the age group 30-64 years. The definition for cases of disabling LBP was based on the description of health problems at the survey interview. Results – Subjects suffering from disabling LBP were over-represented in the working-class categories: a relationship with the social status in childhood was also observed. Despite the limitations, a large majority of cases were employed, more often (than in the general population) as manual workers. Over a two year period, negative changes in employment status were observed for cases more often than in the general population. Discussion-Conclusion – The results show inequalities occurring during childhood and adulthood before the onset of the diseases as well as theirconsequences once the disease appears. Different types of useful interventions could reduce inequalities in this field such as early prevention at theworkplace, and policies aiming at keeping at work disabled subjects; Objectifs - Décrire les relations entre lombalgie invalidante et situation sociale en France. Méthodes - Les données utilisées ont été celles de l'enquête nationale HID menée en 1999 auprès des ménages, pour la tranche d'âge 30-64 ans, et celles de l'étape longitudinale menée en 2001 ; la catégorie « lombalgie invalidante » a été construite à partir des réponses en clair données par les sujets. Résultats - Les sujets souffrant de lombalgie invalidante sont relativement plus nombreux dans les catégories ouvrières ; un lien avec la situation sociale dans l'enfance est aussi observé. En dépit des limitations dont ils souffrent, une grande majorité des lombalgiques est en activité, les professions ouvrières étant sur-représentées parmi les actifs. Les évolutions socialement défavorables, telles que la perte d'emploi, sont plus fréquentes parmi les lombalgiques que dans la population française. Discussion-Conclusion - Les résultats documentent des inégalités intervenant tout au long de la vie, depuis l'enfance jusqu'à l'âge adulte, avant que la maladie n'existe et dans les conséquences une fois qu'elle est survenue. Des interventions utiles pour réduire les inégalités peuvent être identifiées, qu'il s'agisse en particulier de la prévention précoce en milieu de travail, et de l'aide au maintien en activité de travailleurs souffrant de limitations. (R.A.) more...
- Published
- 2007
4. The burden of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders due to work-related factors : results from the French Pays de la Loire study
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Melchior, M., Roquelaure, Y., Evanoff, B, Chastang, Jf, Ha, C., Leclerc, A, Épidémiologie en Santé au Travail et Ergonomie (IRSET-ESTER), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and Rubion, Elise more...
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[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2005
5. Heavy manual work, exposure to vibration and Dupuytren's disease? Results of a surveillance program for musculoskeletal disorders.
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Descatha A, Bodin J, Ha C, Goubault P, Lebreton M, Chastang JF, Imbernon E, Leclerc A, Goldberg M, Roquelaure Y, Descatha, Alexis, Bodin, Julie, Ha, Catherine, Goubault, Pierre, Lebreton, Marine, Chastang, Jean François, Imbernon, Ellen, Leclerc, Annette, Goldberg, Marcel, and Roquelaure, Yves more...
- Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Dupuytren's disease in men and its relationship with work exposure, particularly heavy manual work with and without significant use of vibrating tools, using data from a surveillance program for musculoskeletal disorders.Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in France between 2002 and 2005. Dupuytren's disease was diagnosed clinically by one of 83 occupational physicians. Exposure in relation to work status and occupational risk factors was assessed with a self-administered questionnaire, and categorised according to vibration exposure (defined as use of vibrating tools for ≥2 h/day), heavy manual work without vibration exposure (defined as use of hand tools for ≥2 h/day (use of vibrating tools for ≥2 h/day excluded) and Borg scale ≥15/20) and no such exposure. Bivariate and multivariate associations using logistic models were recorded in men and in those with >10 years in the same job.Results: Of 2161 men, 1.3% (n=27) had Dupuytren's disease (mean age 47.1±6.7 years). Heavy manual work without vibration exposure was significantly associated with the condition (adjusted OR (aOR) 3.9; 95% CI 1.3 to 11.5) adjusted on age and diabetes), as was use of vibrating tools (aOR 5.1; 2.1 to 12.2). These associations remained significant among subjects with >10 years in the same job, with increases in aOR of 6.1 (1.5 to 25.0) and 10.7 (3.4 to 34.6), respectively.Conclusion: Despite the limited number of cases, occupational exposure, including both vibration exposure and heavy manual work without significant vibration exposure, was associated with Dupuytren's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2012
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6. Maternal depression, socioeconomic position, and temperament in early childhood: the EDEN Mother-Child Cohort.
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Melchior M, Chastang JF, de Lauzon B, Galéra C, Saurel-Cubizolles MJ, Larroque B, and EDEN Mother-Child Cohort Study Group
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- 2012
7. The intergenerational transmission of tobacco smoking--The role of parents' long-term smoking trajectories.
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Melchior M, Chastang JF, Mackinnon D, Galéra C, and Fombonne E
- Abstract
Youths whose parents smoke tobacco may be at elevated risk of smoking themselves. However, the association between parental long-term smoking history and offspring regular tobacco use is not well known. Using data collected on 1121 youths (12-26 years) participating in the GAZEL Youth study, a French community-based cohort, we tested the association between parental long-term smoking trajectory and offspring regular smoking. Parental smoking trajectory over 11 years (1989-1999) was measured by yearly reports obtained from the parent. Statistical analyses controlled for youth's sex, age, alcohol use and disruptive behavioral problems, parent's sex, as well as family socioeconomic position. Overall, 27% of study youths smoked regularly. Compared to offspring of non-smokers, those of persistent smokers had twofold smoking rates (age and sex-adjusted OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.30-2.79, fully-adjusted OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.31-2.93). Additionally, persistent parental smoking predicted offspring heavy smoking and early smoking initiation. Overall, maternal smoking was more strongly associated with youths' regular smoking than paternal smoking (fully-adjusted ORs: 3.12, 95% 1.58-6.16 vs. 1.47, 95% 0.87-2.49). These results suggest that efforts to decrease the burden of tobacco smoking among youths may be more efficient if focused on families rather than on individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2010
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8. Medial epicondylitis in occupational settings: prevalence, incidence and associated risk factors.
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Descatha A, Leclerc A, Chastang JF, Roquelaure Y, and Study Group on Repetitive Work
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- 2003
9. Effects on health and social well-being of on-call shifts. An epidemiologic in the French National Electricity and Gas Supply Company.
- Author
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Imbernon E, Warret G, Roitg C, Chastang JF, and Goldberg M
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- 1993
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10. The overall fractions of coronary heart diseases and depression attributable to multiple dependent psychosocial work factors in Europe.
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Niedhammer I, Sultan-Taïeb H, and Chastang JF
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- Humans, Europe, Female, Male, Occupational Diseases psychology, Occupational Diseases epidemiology, Bullying psychology, Bullying statistics & numerical data, Workload psychology, Risk Factors, Reward, Adult, Middle Aged, Coronary Disease psychology, Coronary Disease epidemiology, Depression psychology, Depression epidemiology, Occupational Stress psychology, Workplace psychology
- Abstract
Objectives: The literature is nonexistent on the assessment of overall fractions of diseases attributable to multiple dependent psychosocial work factors. The objectives of the study were to calculate the overall fractions of coronary heart diseases (CHD) and depression attributable to multiple dependent psychosocial work factors in 35 European countries., Methods: We used already published fractions of CHD and depression attributable to each of the following psychosocial work factors: job strain, effort-reward imbalance, job insecurity, long working hours, and workplace bullying. We took all exposures and their correlations into account to calculate overall attributable fractions. Wald tests were performed to test differences in these overall attributable fractions between genders and between countries., Results: The overall fractions of CHD and depression attributable to all studied psychosocial work factors together were found to be 8.1% [95% CI: 2.0-13.9] and 26.3% [95% CI: 16.2-35.5] respectively in the 35 European countries. There was no difference between genders and between countries., Conclusion: Our study showed that the overall fractions attributable to all studied psychosocial work factors were substantial especially for depression. These overall attributable fractions may be particularly useful to evaluate the burden and costs attributable to psychosocial work factors, and also to inform policies makers at European level., (© 2024. The Author(s).) more...
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- 2024
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11. Correction: Update of the fractions of cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders attributable to psychosocial work factors in Europe.
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Niedhammer I, Sultan-Taïeb H, Parent-Thirion A, and Chastang JF
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- 2023
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12. Burden of cardiovascular diseases and depression attributable to psychosocial work exposures in 28 European countries.
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Sultan-Taïeb H, Villeneuve T, Chastang JF, and Niedhammer I
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- Depression epidemiology, Europe epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Risk Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Coronary Disease, Occupational Stress epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: This study aimed to estimate the annual burden of cardiovascular diseases and depression attributable to five psychosocial work exposures in 28 European Union countries (EU28) in 2015., Methods: Based on available attributable fraction estimates, the study covered five exposures, job strain, effort-reward imbalance, job insecurity, long working hours and workplace bullying; and five outcomes, coronary/ischemic heart diseases (CHD), stroke, atrial fibrillation, peripheral artery disease and depression. We estimated the burden attributable to each exposure separately and all exposures together. We calculated Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) rate per 100 000 workers in each country for each outcome attributable to each exposure and tested the differences between countries and between genders using the Wald test., Results: The overall burden of CHD attributable to the five studied psychosocial work exposures together was estimated at 173 629 DALYs for men and 39 238 for women, 5092 deaths for men and 1098 for women in EU28 in 2015. The overall burden of depression was estimated at 528 549 DALYs for men and 344 151 for women (respectively 7862 and 1823 deaths). The three highest burdens in DALYs in EU28 in 2015 were found for depression attributable to job strain (546 502 DALYs), job insecurity (294 680 DALYs) and workplace bullying (276 337 DALYs). Significant differences between countries were observed for DALY rates per 100 000 workers., Conclusions: Such results are necessary as decision tools for decision-makers (governments, employers and trade unions) when defining public health priorities and work stress preventive strategies in Europe., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association.) more...
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- 2022
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13. Multiple psychosocial work exposures and well-being among employees: prospective associations from the French national Working Conditions Survey.
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Bertrais S, HÉRault N, Chastang JF, and Niedhammer I
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- Female, France epidemiology, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Stress, Psychological epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Workplace psychology, Occupational Diseases, Occupational Exposure
- Abstract
Aims: Working conditions, especially psychosocial work factors (PWFs), are thought to influence mental health outcomes among working populations, but there have been few studies on well-being per se. We assessed the prospective associations between a wide variety of occupational factors, including PWFs, multiple exposure to these factors, and well-being among employees in France. Methods: This study was based on a nationally representative sample of 15,776 employees, including 6595 men and 9181 women, followed up from 2013 to 2016. Psychological well-being was assessed using the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. Occupational factors included 20 PWFs, 4 factors related to working time/hours, and 4 physical work exposures. The associations of occupational exposures with poor well-being were estimated using weighted robust Poisson regression models in men and women separately. Results: Among the employees who rated their well-being as good in 2013, 10.3% of men and 16.8% of women had a poor well-being 3 years later. Most PWFs in 2013 were associated with poor well-being in 2016 among women, and half of them among men. An increase in the risk of poor well-being with the number of PWFs was found. Noise exposure was associated with poor well-being in women. Conclusions: The occupational factors associated with psychological well-being were mainly those related to the psychosocial work environment. A linear association was observed between the number of exposures to PWFs and well-being. Preventive policies focused on PWFs may be beneficial for well-being. More attention should be given to multiple exposures to these factors. more...
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- 2022
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14. Shift and Night Work and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: Prospective Results From the STRESSJEM Study.
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Niedhammer I, Coutrot T, Geoffroy-Perez B, and Chastang JF
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- Cause of Death, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Work Schedule Tolerance, Circadian Rhythm, Neoplasms
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The literature remains sparse and inconclusive about the impact of shift and night work on mortality, and still more on specific causes of death. The objectives were to explore the prospective associations between exposure to shift and night work and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The study was based on a large national representative French prospective cohort of 1,511,456 employees followed up from 1976 to 2002. Exposure to shift and night work relied on a job-exposure matrix, and 3 time-varying measures (current, cumulative, and recency-weighted cumulative exposure) were constructed. Mortality and causes of death were provided by the national registry, and all-cause, cardiovascular, cancer and preventable mortality, and suicide were studied. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to study the associations between shift and night work and mortality. During follow-up, 22,105 deaths occurred for all-cause mortality. In the study of mortality until the end of last job during follow-up, shift and/or night work were associated with all-cause, cardiovascular, cancer and preventable mortality, and suicide (except night without shift work with cancer mortality and suicide) among men. Shift work (especially shift without night work) was associated with all-cause, cancer and preventable mortality among women. The results were similar for current, cumulative, and recency-weighted cumulative exposure. Associations were found for more detailed causes of death: cerebrovascular diseases for both genders, ischemic heart diseases, respiratory cancers, smoking-related mortality, and external causes of death among men, and breast cancer among women. In the study of mortality until the end of follow-up, some additional associations were found among women between night work and all-cause and preventable mortality, and suicide, suggesting long-term or delayed exposure effects. The study may, however, be underpowered to detect all the exposure-outcome associations, especially among women. More research and prevention are needed to reduce mortality among shift and night workers. more...
- Published
- 2022
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15. Update of the fractions of cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders attributable to psychosocial work factors in Europe.
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Niedhammer I, Sultan-Taïeb H, Parent-Thirion A, and Chastang JF
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- Europe epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Stress, Psychological epidemiology, Stress, Psychological psychology, Workplace psychology, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Mental Disorders epidemiology, Mental Disorders psychology, Occupational Diseases epidemiology, Occupational Diseases psychology
- Abstract
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to provide the fractions of cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders attributable to five psychosocial work exposures, i.e. job strain, effort-reward imbalance, job insecurity, long working hours, and bullying in Europe (35 countries, including 28 European Union countries), for each one and all countries together, in 2015., Methods: The prevalences of exposure were estimated using the sample of 35,571 employees from the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) for all countries together and each country separately. Relative risks (RR) were obtained via literature reviews and meta-analyses already published. The studied outcomes were: coronary/ischemic heart diseases (CHD), stroke, atrial fibrillation, peripheral artery disease, venous thromboembolism, and depression. Attributable fractions (AF) for each exposure and overall AFs for all exposures together were calculated., Results: The AFs of depression were all significant: job strain (17%), job insecurity (9%), bullying (7%), and effort-reward imbalance (6%). Most of the AFs of cardiovascular diseases were significant and lower than 11%. Differences in AFs were observed between countries for depression and for long working hours. Differences between genders were found for long working hours, with higher AFs observed among men than among women for all outcomes. Overall AFs taking all exposures into account ranged between 17 and 35% for depression and between 5 and 11% for CHD., Conclusion: The overall burden of depression and cardiovascular diseases attributable to psychosocial work exposures was noticeable. As these exposures are modifiable, preventive policies may be useful to reduce the burden of disease associated with the psychosocial work environment., (© 2021. The Author(s).) more...
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- 2022
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16. Psychosocial factors at work from the job strain model and preventable mortality in France: The STRESSJEM prospective study.
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Niedhammer I, Milner A, Geoffroy-Perez B, Coutrot T, LaMontagne AD, and Chastang JF
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- Aged, France epidemiology, Humans, Male, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Social Support, Stress, Psychological psychology, Occupational Diseases, Workplace psychology
- Abstract
The study aimed to explore the prospective associations between psychosocial factors at work from the job strain model and preventable mortality, including smoking- and alcohol-related mortality as well as external causes of death. The study was based on prospective data and relied on a sample of 1,511,456 individuals for which data on job history, mortality and causes of death were linked over the 1976-2002 period. Exposures were the factors from the job strain model imputed through a job-exposure matrix. Various time-varying measures of exposure were used including current exposure and two measures of cumulative exposure. Preventable mortality was defined using the OECD/Eurostat list of preventable causes of death. The associations between exposures and outcomes were studied using Cox proportional hazards models. Effect modification by gender was also assessed. Over the study period, 57,264 preventable deaths occurred before the age of 75 years. Low decision latitude, low social support, job strain, iso-strain, passive job, and high strain were associated with preventable mortality, and associations of stronger magnitude were found for job strain and isostrain among men. Stronger associations were observed for alcohol-related mortality than for smoking-related mortality and external causes of death. The fractions of preventable mortality attributable to current exposure to job strain and isostrain were significant among men only (5.1% and 3.3%). Psychosocial factors at work from the job strain model may play a role on preventable mortality. Intensifying research and prevention towards the psychosocial work environment may be helpful to reduce risky health-related behaviours and related mortality., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2021
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17. Overall fraction of disease attributable to multiple dependent risk factors: a new formula.
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Niedhammer I and Chastang JF
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- Humans, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors
- Abstract
Competing Interests: We declare no competing interests.
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- 2021
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18. Associations between multiple occupational exposures and sleep problems: Results from the national French Working Conditions survey.
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Bertrais S, André N, Bèque M, Chastang JF, and Niedhammer I
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Occupational Exposure standards, Sleep Wake Disorders psychology, Workplace psychology
- Abstract
Studies evaluating the effects of multiple occupational exposures on sleep are very rare. We assessed the associations between a wide range of occupational exposures and sleep problems and investigated the cumulative effects of these exposures on this outcome. We used data from the French 2016 Working Conditions survey conducted on a nationally representative sample of workers, including 20,430 employees aged 15-65 yr (8,579 men, 11,851 women). Sleep problems were defined by either sleep disturbances or sleep medication, almost daily or several times a week. Occupational exposures included 21 psychosocial work factors grouped into five dimensions, four factors related to working time/hours and four factors related to the physical work environment. Unadjusted and adjusted weighted robust Poisson regression analyses were performed. Almost all psychosocial work exposures were associated with sleep problems, whereas the only significant working time/hours factor associated with sleep problems was night work among women. Some gender differences in the exposure-outcome associations were found. The prevalence ratio of sleep problems increased with the number of exposures for most dimensions of psychosocial work factors. Physical work exposures were associated with sleep problems, and there was a linear association between the number of these occupational exposures and sleep problems in both genders, although the trend did not reach statistical significance among women. Workplace preventive strategies targeting the work environment comprehensively may be effective in improving sleep among working populations. More attention should be given to multiple exposures in the workplace., (© 2020 European Sleep Research Society.) more...
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- 2021
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19. Associations of multiple occupational exposures with major depressive and generalized anxiety disorders: Findings from the French National Working Conditions Survey.
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Bertrais S, Mauroux A, Chastang JF, and Niedhammer I
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anxiety Disorders epidemiology, Female, France epidemiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Depressive Disorder, Major epidemiology, Occupational Exposure
- Abstract
Background: There have been numerous studies on the associations between psychosocial work factors and mental health, but very few of them explored the cumulative effects of these factors. The objectives were to study the associations between multiple occupational exposures and two common mental disorders, major depressive episode (MDE) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), among employees in France., Methods: The data came from the 2016 French National Working Conditions Survey based on a representative sample of 20,430 employees (8579 men and 11,851 women) aged 15-65 years. MDE and GAD were assessed using the MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) standardized diagnostic interview. Occupational exposures included 21 psychosocial work factors grouped into five dimensions, four factors related to working time/hours, and four physical work exposures. Logistic regression modeling for weighted data was performed to evaluate the associations of occupational exposures with MDE and GAD in men and women separately., Results: The prevalence of MDE and GAD was higher among women (8.6% and 8.7%, respectively) than among men (4.3% and 4.6%). Most psychosocial work factors were associated with MDE and/or GAD. A linear increase in the risk of MDE/GAD with the number of psychosocial work factors was found for each dimension, except workplace violence. The risk of MDE also increased linearly with multiple physical work exposures., Conclusions: Our results showed that a wide variety of occupational exposures were associated with clinical depression and anxiety, and that the risk of disease increased with multiple exposures to psychosocial and physical factors at work., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.) more...
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- 2021
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20. Psychosocial Work Factors of the Job Strain Model and All-Cause Mortality: The STRESSJEM Prospective Cohort Study.
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Niedhammer I, Milner A, Coutrot T, Geoffroy-Perez B, LaMontagne AD, and Chastang JF
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- Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Social Support, Workplace, Occupational Diseases, Stress, Psychological
- Abstract
Objective: The objectives were to examine the prospective associations between psychosocial work factors of the job strain model and all-cause mortality in a national representative cohort of French employees using various measures of time-varying exposure., Methods: The study was based on a sample of 798,547 men and 697,785 women for which data on job history from 1976 to 2002 were linked to mortality data from the national death registry. Psychosocial work factors from the validated job strain model questionnaire were imputed using a job-exposure matrix. Three time-varying measures of exposure were explored: current, cumulative, and recency-weighted cumulative exposure. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to study the associations between psychosocial work factors and mortality., Results: Within the 1976-2002 period, 88,521 deaths occurred among men and 28,921 among women. Low decision latitude, low social support, job strain, isostrain, high strain, and passive job were found to be risk factors for mortality. The model using current exposure was the best relative-quality model. The associations of current exposure to job strain and mortality were found to have hazard ratios of 1.30 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24-1.36) among men and 1.15 (95% CI = 1.06-1.25) among women. The population fractions of mortality attributable to job strain were 5.64% (95% CI = 4.56%-6.71%) among men and 4.13% (95% CI = 1.69%-6.71%) among women., Conclusions: This study supports the role of the psychosocial work factors of the job strain model on all-cause mortality. Preventive intervention to improve the psychosocial work environment may help to prevent mortality in working populations., (Copyright © 2020 by the American Psychosomatic Society.) more...
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- 2021
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21. Correction to: Fractions of cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders attributable to psychosocial work factors in 31 countries in Europe.
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Niedhammer I, Sultan-Taïeb H, Chastang JF, Vermeylen G, and Parent-Thirion A
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Whilst working on an update of our study published in 2014 (orginal article), we have discovered an error in the measure of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) in this study, leading to errors in Table 3 for (1) the prevalence of exposure to ERI, and (2) the fractions of cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders attributable to ERI, attributable fractions (AF) being calculated from exposure prevalence and relative risk. more...
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- 2020
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22. Psychosocial work exposures of the job strain model and cardiovascular mortality in France: results from the STRESSJEM prospective study.
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Niedhammer I, Milner A, Geoffroy-Perez B, Coutrot T, LaMontagne AD, and Chastang JF
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- Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases psychology, Decision Making, Female, France epidemiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Occupational Stress psychology, Prospective Studies, Social Support, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cardiovascular Diseases mortality, Occupational Stress mortality, Workplace psychology
- Abstract
Objectives The study aims to explore the prospective associations of the psychosocial work exposures of the job strain model with cardiovascular mortality, including mortality for ischemic heart diseases (IHD) and stroke, using various time-varying exposure measures in the French working population of employees. Methods The study was based on a cohort of 798 547 men and 697 785 women for which job history data from 1976 to 2002 were linked to mortality data and causes of death from the national death registry. Psychosocial work exposures from the validated job strain model questionnaire were assessed using a job-exposure matrix (JEM). Three time-varying measures of exposure were studied: current, cumulative, and recency-weighted cumulative exposure. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations between psychosocial work exposures and cardiovascular mortality. Results Within the 1976-2002 period, there were 19 264 cardiovascular deaths among men and 6181 among women. Low decision latitude, low social support, job strain, iso-strain, passive job, and high strain were associated with cardiovascular mortality. Most of these associations were also observed for IHD and stroke mortality. The comparison between the different exposure measures suggested that current exposure may be more important than cumulative (or past) exposure. The population fractions of cardiovascular mortality attributable to job strain were 5.64% for men and 6.44% for women. Conclusions Psychosocial work exposures of the job strain model may play a role in cardiovascular mortality. The estimated burden of cardiovascular mortality associated with these exposures underlines the need for preventive policies oriented toward the psychosocial work environment. more...
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- 2020
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23. Psychosocial work exposures and suicide ideation: a study of multiple exposures using the French national working conditions survey.
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Niedhammer I, Bèque M, Chastang JF, and Bertrais S
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Employment psychology, Female, France, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Occupational Exposure statistics & numerical data, Social Environment, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Occupational Exposure adverse effects, Occupational Stress complications, Suicidal Ideation, Workplace psychology
- Abstract
Background: Our study aimed to explore the associations between psychosocial work exposures, as well as other occupational exposures, and suicide ideation in the French national working population. An additional objective was to study the cumulative role of occupational exposures in this outcome., Methods: The study was based on a nationally representative sample of the French working population of 20,430 employees, 8579 men and 11,851 women (2016 French national Working Conditions survey). Occupational exposures included 21 psychosocial work factors, 4 factors related to working time/hours and 4 factors related to the physical work environment. Suicide ideation within the last 12 months was the outcome. The associations between exposures and outcome were studied using weighted logistic regression models adjusted for covariates., Results: The 12-month prevalence of suicide ideation was 5.2% among men and 5.7% among women. Among the occupational exposures, psychosocial work factors were found to be associated with suicide ideation: quantitative and cognitive demands, low influence and possibilities for development, low meaning at work, low sense of community, role conflict, job insecurity, temporary employment, changes at work, and internal violence. Some rare differences in these associations were observed between genders. Linear associations were observed between the number of psychosocial work exposures and suicide ideation., Conclusions: Psychosocial work factors were found to play a major role in suicide ideation, and their effects were cumulative on this outcome. More research on multiple and cumulative exposures and suicide ideation and more prevention towards the psychosocial work environment are needed. more...
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- 2020
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24. Working conditions and depression in the French national working population: Results from the SUMER study.
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Niedhammer I, Coindre K, Memmi S, Bertrais S, and Chastang JF
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- Depression epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Social Support, Stress, Psychological, Workplace, Occupational Diseases, Occupational Exposure
- Abstract
Objectives: The objectives were to explore the associations between various types of occupational exposures and depression in the French national working population, most of the studies in the literature focussing on a limited number of exposures and on symptom scales., Methods: The study was based on a nationally representative sample of 25 977 employees, 14 682 men and 11 295 women. Depression was measured using the PHQ-9 instrument and algorithm. Occupational exposures included factors related to both the psychosocial and physical work environment. Weighted logistic regression analyses were performed to study the associations between exposures and outcome with adjustment for covariates among men and women separately., Results: The prevalence of depression was higher for women than for men (5.70% versus 3.78%). The final models showed that low decision latitude, low reward, bullying, work-family and ethical conflicts for both genders, and high psychological demands, low social support, and long working hours among women were risk factors for depression. No occupational exposure of physical, biomechanical, chemical and biological nature was associated with depression. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results., Conclusions: Significant associations were found between psychosocial work exposures and depression, and there were some differences in these associations between genders. This study is one of the first to provide a comprehensive overview of occupational exposures in association with depression. More prevention towards the psychosocial work environment is needed to improve mental health of working populations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2020
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25. [Occupational factors associated with suicide among French employees from the special agricultural social security scheme (MSA) working between 2007 and 2013].
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Klingelschmidt J, Chastang JF, Khireddine-Medouni I, Chérié-Challine L, and Niedhammer I
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- Adult, Burnout, Professional epidemiology, Burnout, Professional mortality, Employment classification, Employment organization & administration, Employment statistics & numerical data, Female, France epidemiology, Humans, Income statistics & numerical data, Male, Middle Aged, Occupational Health Services organization & administration, Occupational Health Services statistics & numerical data, Risk Factors, Workload statistics & numerical data, Young Adult, Agriculture organization & administration, Agriculture statistics & numerical data, Forestry economics, Forestry organization & administration, Forestry statistics & numerical data, Occupational Exposure statistics & numerical data, Social Security organization & administration, Social Security statistics & numerical data, Suicide statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: Work and related exposures may play a role in suicide and there has been evidence in the literature that some occupational factors may be associated with suicide. The identification of occupational risk factors of suicide mortality among employees affiliated to the French special agricultural social security scheme (MSA), an understudied population, appears important. The objective of this study was to identify the occupational factors associated with suicide mortality among French employees from the MSA working between 2007 and 2013., Methods: The study population included all the employees affiliated to the MSA working between 1st January 2007 and 31st December 2013, i.e. 1,699,929 men and 1,201,017 women. The studied occupational factors included: economic activity, skill level, and work contract. Survival analyses (Cox models) stratified on gender were performed using age as time scale and region and year of contract as adjustment variables., Results: Among men, the factors associated with an elevated suicide risk were: economic activities of forestry, agriculture and related activities, and manufacture of food products and beverages (e.g. meat, wine), low-skilled level and working in the regions of Brittany, Burgundy Franche-Comté, Pays de la Loire, Normandy, Grand Est and Centre-Val-de-Loire. No association was observed among women., Conclusion: These results suggest that economic activity and low-skilled level may be associated with suicide among men affiliated to the MSA and may contribute to the implementation of prevention interventions. Further studies are needed to confirm and better understand these associations., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2020
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26. Psychosocial Work Exposures of the Job Strain Model and Suicide in France: Findings from the STRESSJEM Prospective Study of 1.5 Million Men and Women over 26 Years of Follow-Up.
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Niedhammer I, Chastang JF, Coutrot T, Geoffroy-Perez B, LaMontagne AD, and Milner A
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- Adult, Female, Follow-Up Studies, France, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Stress, Psychological psychology, Suicide statistics & numerical data, Workplace psychology
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- 2020
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27. Méthodologie de redressement des données nationales de l’enquête Évrest.
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Leroyer A, Murcia M, Chastang JF, Rollin L, Volkoff S, Molinié AF, and Niedhammer I
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Objectives: The main objective was to describe the weighting methodology used for the national EVREST (Evolution and Relations in Health at Work) survey data. The secondary objectives were on the one hand to assess the extent of the differences between crude and weighted estimates, on the other hand to verify that the two-year gap in the availability of the reference data used does substantially not impact the estimates., Methods: The study was based on data collected in 2013 and 2014 (N = 26,227). The weighting included 2 steps: 1) a first weighing to take into account the probability of participation of each employee; and 2) a calibration on margins to correct the potential distortions of the sample in comparison with the scope of the survey, the reference data used coming from the annual declarations of social data (DADS) of the years 2014 and 2012. The impact of the weighting method was studied using the differences between crude and weighted percentages for the 60 variables of the questionnaire., Results: 90% of the differences between crude and weighted estimates were between - 2.0% and + 2.0% using the 2014 DADS, and 83% using the 2012 DADS. The most overestimated crude estimate concerned full-time work and the most underestimated was contact with the public. The impact of the two-year gap in the availability of the reference data used was weak., Conclusion: A weighting methodology for EVREST survey was define and implement, allowing results to be extrapolated to the scope of the survey. more...
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- 2020
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28. Prospective associations of psychosocial work exposures with mortality in France: STRESSJEM study protocol.
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Niedhammer I, Milner A, Geoffroy-Perez B, Coutrot T, LaMontagne AD, and Chastang JF
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- Cause of Death, France epidemiology, Humans, Occupational Health, Role, Employment statistics & numerical data, Mortality, Occupational Exposure statistics & numerical data, Occupational Stress epidemiology, Personnel Staffing and Scheduling statistics & numerical data, Social Support, Workplace Violence statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Introduction: Although evidence has been provided on the associations between psychosocial work exposures and morbidity outcomes in the literature, knowledge appears much more sparse on mortality outcomes. The objective of STRESSJEM is to explore the prospective associations between psychosocial work exposures and mortality outcomes among the national French working population. In this paper, we describe the study protocol, study population, data sources, method for exposure assessment, data analysis and future plans., Methods and Analysis: Data sources will include: the data from the national SUMER survey from DARES on the evaluation of psychosocial work exposures and the data from the COSMOP programme from Santé publique France linking job history (DADS data from INSEE) and mortality according to causes of death (data from the national death registry, INSERM-CépiDc). A sample of 1 511 456 individuals will form the studied prospective cohort for which data are available on both job history and mortality over the period 1976-2002. Psychosocial work exposures will be imputed via a job-exposure matrix using three job title variables that are available in both the SUMER and COSMOP data sets. Our objectives will be to study the associations between various psychosocial work exposures and mortality outcomes. Psychosocial work exposures will include the job strain model factors as well as other psychosocial work factors. Various measures of exposure over time will be used. All-cause and cause-specific mortality will be studied., Ethics and Dissemination: Both the SUMER survey and the COSMOP programme have been approved by French ethics committees. Dissemination of the study results will include a series of international peer-reviewed papers and at least one paper in French. The results will be presented in national and international conferences. This project will offer a unique opportunity to explore mortality outcomes in association with psychosocial work exposures in a large national representative sample of the working population., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.) more...
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- 2019
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29. Associations between occupational factors and self-rated health in the national Brazilian working population.
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Oenning NSX, de Goulart BNG, Ziegelmann PK, Chastang JF, and Niedhammer I
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- Adult, Brazil, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Diagnostic Self Evaluation, Employment statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: The literature remains seldom on the topic of self-rated health (SRH) among the national working populations of emerging countries. The objectives of the study were to examine the associations of occupational factors with SRH in a national representative sample of the working population in Brazil., Methods: This study relied on a cross-sectional sample of 36,442 workers, 16,992 women and 19,450 men. SRH was the studied health outcome. Sixteen occupational factors related to four topics were studied: employment characteristics, working time/hours, psychosocial work factors and physical and chemical work exposures. The associations between occupational factors and SRH were studied using logistic regression models with adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics (age, ethnicity and marital status). The analyses were performed for each gender separately and using weights., Results: The prevalence of poor SRH was 26.71%, this prevalence being higher among women (29.77%) than among men (24.23%). The following risk factors for poor SRH were found among men and women: working as a self-employed worker, clerk/service worker, manual worker, part-time (≤ 20 h/week), exposure to work stress, exposure to high physical activity and exposure to sun. The risk factors for poor SRH among women only were: working as a domestic worker and exposure to noise, and among men, working in the agriculture sector., Conclusions: Our study suggested that occupational factors related to both physical and psychosocial work environment may be associated with SRH in the working population in Brazil. Improving working conditions may be beneficial for health at work in Brazil. more...
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- 2019
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30. Employment and occupational outcomes following adolescent-onset mental illness: analysis of a nationally representative French cohort.
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Witt K, Milner A, Chastang JF, LaMontagne AD, and Niedhammer I
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- Adult, Cohort Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, France epidemiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Distribution, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Employment statistics & numerical data, Mental Disorders epidemiology, Occupations statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: There has been little work into the relative effects of adolescent-onset, as compared to lifetime, mental illness on employment, income and occupational outcomes in adulthood., Methods: Using data from the Santé et Itinéraire Professionnel Survey, a nationally representative survey of 13 648 French working-age people to investigate prospective associations between self-reported mental illness and employment, income and occupational outcomes. We further investigated whether these outcomes would differ for those reporting an onset of mental illness prior to 18 years of age., Results: Adolescent-onset mental illness was associated with poorer employment outcomes, significantly increased risk of employment in low-skilled occupations, as well as reduced monthly wage earnings., Conclusions: Results extend understandings of the risks of adolescent-onset mental illness on employment and occupational outcomes and suggest that vocational recovery services should take these factors into account when designing support services for adolescents with mental health problems, particularly for males., (© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Faculty of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.) more...
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- 2019
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31. [Weighting methodology for the national EVREST survey data].
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Leroyer A, Murcia M, Chastang JF, Rollin L, Volkoff S, Molinié AF, and Niedhammer I
- Subjects
- Humans, Health Surveys methods, Occupational Health
- Abstract
Objectives: The main objective was to describe the weighting methodology used for the national EVREST (Evolution and Relations in Health at Work) survey data. The secondary objectives were on the one hand to assess the extent of the differences between crude and weighted estimates, on the other hand to verify that the two-year gap in the availability of the reference data used does substantially not impact the estimates., Methods: The study was based on data collected in 2013 and 2014 (N = 26,227). The weighting included 2 steps: 1) a first weighing to take into account the probability of participation of each employee; and 2) a calibration on margins to correct the potential distortions of the sample in comparison with the scope of the survey, the reference data used coming from the annual declarations of social data (DADS) of the years 2014 and 2012. The impact of the weighting method was studied using the differences between crude and weighted percentages for the 60 variables of the questionnaire., Results: 90% of the differences between crude and weighted estimates were between - 2.0% and + 2.0% using the 2014 DADS, and 83% using the 2012 DADS. The most overestimated crude estimate concerned full-time work and the most underestimated was contact with the public. The impact of the two-year gap in the availability of the reference data used was weak., Conclusion: A weighting methodology for EVREST survey was define and implement, allowing results to be extrapolated to the scope of the survey. more...
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- 2019
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32. Impact of lifetime compared to adolescent-onset mental illness on psychosocial employment quality in adulthood: analysis of a nationally representative French cohort.
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Witt K, Milner A, Chastang JF, LaMontagne AD, and Niedhammer I
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- Adolescent, Adult, Age of Onset, Aged, Anxiety psychology, Depression psychology, Depressive Disorder, Major psychology, Female, France, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Sex Factors, Unemployment psychology, Young Adult, Age Factors, Employment psychology, Mental Disorders psychology, Occupational Diseases psychology, Occupational Stress psychology
- Abstract
Purpose: We investigated prospective associations between mental illness and psychosocial employment quality using a nationally representative sample of the French working population by gender, primary diagnosis, and age of onset., Methods: 6234 employed French adults (aged 20-74 years) were followed from 2006 to 2010. All respondents provided data on 26 indicators of psychosocial employment quality drawn from the Job-Strain Model, other job stressors, and indicators of working time stressors (i.e., shift work, night work, and long working hours)., Results: We performed 272 statistical tests, of which 37 were significant following adjustment for age, poor socio-economic position during childhood, unemployment status at wave one, and anxiety or depression at wave two. Females with a lifetime diagnosis of any mental illness reported higher psychological and emotional demands at work, whilst males reported low decision latitude, tensions with the public, and work-life imbalance. In both genders a lifetime diagnosis of any mental illness was associated with role and ethical conflict. A lifetime diagnosis of major depression appeared to have stronger associations for females, whilst substance use disorder was associated with poorer psychosocial employment quality in males. Adolescent-onset mental illness might be associated with poorer psychosocial employment quality among men more so than among women., Conclusions: Results suggest that people with a history of mental illness who obtain employment tend to be employed in jobs characterized by poor psychosocial quality. Employment quality should be considered in vocational rehabilitation policies and practices aimed at optimizing employment participation in this population. more...
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- 2018
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33. Study of the validity of a job-exposure matrix for the job strain model factors: an update and a study of changes over time.
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Niedhammer I, Milner A, LaMontagne AD, and Chastang JF
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- Adult, Algorithms, Female, France, Humans, Industry, Interviews as Topic, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Theoretical, Occupational Exposure classification, Occupational Health Services, Regression Analysis, Surveys and Questionnaires, Occupational Exposure analysis, Occupational Stress psychology, Occupations classification, Social Support, Workplace psychology
- Abstract
Objectives: The objectives of the study were to construct a job-exposure matrix (JEM) for psychosocial work factors of the job strain model, to evaluate its validity, and to compare the results over time., Methods: The study was based on national representative data of the French working population with samples of 46,962 employees (2010 SUMER survey) and 24,486 employees (2003 SUMER survey). Psychosocial work factors included the job strain model factors (Job Content Questionnaire): psychological demands, decision latitude, social support, job strain and iso-strain. Job title was defined by three variables: occupation and economic activity coded using standard classifications, and company size. A JEM was constructed using a segmentation method (Classification and Regression Tree-CART) and cross-validation., Results: The best quality JEM was found using occupation and company size for social support. For decision latitude and psychological demands, there was not much difference using occupation and company size with or without economic activity. The validity of the JEM estimates was higher for decision latitude, job strain and iso-strain, and lower for social support and psychological demands. Differential changes over time were observed for psychosocial work factors according to occupation, economic activity and company size., Conclusions: This study demonstrated that company size in addition to occupation may improve the validity of JEMs for psychosocial work factors. These matrices may be time-dependent and may need to be updated over time. More research is needed to assess the validity of JEMs given that these matrices may be able to provide exposure assessments to study a range of health outcomes. more...
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- 2018
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34. Role of working conditions in the explanation of occupational inequalities in work injury: findings from the national French SUMER survey.
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Niedhammer I, Lesuffleur T, Labarthe G, and Chastang JF
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- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, France epidemiology, Humans, Male, Models, Statistical, Occupations statistics & numerical data, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health Status Disparities, Occupational Exposure statistics & numerical data, Occupational Injuries epidemiology, Work psychology
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Background: Social inequalities in work injury have been observed but explanations are still missing. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the contribution of working conditions in the explanation of social inequalities in work injury in a national representative sample of employees., Methods: The study was based on the cross-sectional sample of the national French survey SUMER 2010 including 46,962 employees, 26,883 men and 20,079 women. The number of work injuries within the last 12 months was studied as the outcome. Occupation was used as a marker of social position. Psychosocial work factors included various variables related to the classical job strain model, psychological demands, decision latitude, social support, and other understudied variables related to reward, job insecurity, job promotion, esteem, working time and hours and workplace violence. Occupational exposures of chemical, biological, physical and biomechanical nature were also studied. Weighted age-adjusted Poisson regression analyses were performed., Results: Occupational gradients were observed in the exposure of most psychosocial work factors and occupational exposures. Strong occupational differences in work injury were found, blue-collar workers being more likely to have work injury. Chemical, biological, physical and biomechanical exposures contributed to explain the occupational differences in work injury substantially. Noise, thermic constraints, manual materials handling, postural/articular constraints and vibrations had significant contributions. Psychosocial work factors also contributed to explain the differences especially among women., Conclusion: Prevention policies oriented toward chemical, biological, physical, biomechanical and psychosocial work exposures may contribute to reduce the magnitude of occupational differences in work injury. more...
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- 2018
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35. Suicide among agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
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Klingelschmidt J, Milner A, Khireddine-Medouni I, Witt K, Alexopoulos EC, Toivanen S, LaMontagne AD, Chastang JF, and Niedhammer I
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- Agriculture, Employment, Humans, Occupational Health, Occupations, Farmers statistics & numerical data, Fisheries statistics & numerical data, Forestry statistics & numerical data, Suicide statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Objectives This review aimed to quantify suicide risk among agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers and study potential variations of risk within this population. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis from 1995 to 2016 using MEDLINE and following the PRISMA guidelines. A pooled effect size of suicide risk among the population of interest was calculated using meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate whether effect size differed according to population or study characteristics. Meta-regression was used to identify sources of heterogeneity. Results The systematic review identified 65 studies, of which 32 were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled effect size was 1.48 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30-1.68] representing an excess of suicide risk among the population of interest. Subgroup analysis showed that this effect size varied according to geographic area, with a higher effect size in Japan. The following study characteristics were found to contribute to the between-study variance: reference group, measure of effect size, and study design. Conclusions Our findings suggest an excess of suicide risk among agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers and demonstrated that this excess may be even higher for these groups in Japan. This review highlights the need for suicide prevention policies focusing on this specific population of workers. More research is also needed to better understand the underlying factors that may increase suicide risk in this population. more...
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- 2018
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36. Response to letter to the editor from Dr Rahman Shiri: The challenging topic of suicide across occupational groups.
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Niedhammer I, Milner A, Witt K, Klingelschmidt J, Khireddine-Medouni I, Alexopoulos EC, Toivanen S, Chastang JF, and LaMontagne AD
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- Australia, Europe, Humans, Japan, Male, Prospective Studies, Suicide
- Abstract
We thank Dr Rahman Shiri (1) for his careful reading of our systematic review and meta-analysis on suicide among agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers (2). Our paper had the objective of providing a pooled effect size of suicide for this occupational group. Suicide is a crucial issue in public and occupational health. Suicide has a multifactorial etiology and recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have pointed out the role of occupational exposures, mainly psychosocial work stressors, as risk factors for suicide (3, 4). Suicide is a very rare event in the general population and still more seldom in the working population. Indeed, unemployed and economically inactive people have a higher risk of suicide compared to employed people (5, 6). However, the total number of suicides is greater in the employed population than among the economically inactive or unemployed (6). Shiri's letter (1) questioned several aspects of our review and meta-analysis. One comment related to the single reference database used in our review and a suggestion that our review could not be considered to be systematic. The review was based on Medline because our main interest was in quantitative epidemiologic studies. This is the largest database for biomedical literature and we would argue the most pertinent. Furthermore, we checked the reference lists of the most recent papers and literature reviews, and Shiri did not report any paper that was missing. No review, whether searching one or more databases, can expect to be totally exhaustive. There may always be missing studies, especially if we consider grey literature. Thus we assert that our review was systematic, while acknowledging that it may not be perfectly comprehensive. Shiri suggested an absence of quality assessment of the studies included in our meta-analysis. First, quality was considered in the context of our comments in the discussion section. Second, as suggested by Rothman et al (7), quality assessment was replaced by regression analyses of the effect of each quality item (study characteristics, ie, study design, effect measure, reference group, and adjustment). Third, because most studies included in this review were based on objective data (census, administrative, or register data), they were free of many of the sources of bias that exist in studies where information on exposure and outcome must be collected from participants. Consequently, many of the items related to quality were not pertinent, such as response and follow-up rates, coverage and representativeness of the sample, selection, etc. Contrary to what Shiri suggested, all study designs can be informative in this topic because all of them are able to provide an unbiased estimate of the effect size. In addition, the prospective and case-control studies may have shortcomings. For example, we excluded five studies including three prospective and case-control studies in the sensibility analysis because the group of interest was defined on the basis of the exposure to chemicals (pesticides) rather than job title. Our choice to retain the least adjusted models was justified because aggregated data were used for the meta-analysis. Therefore, unless all included studies adjusted for the same covariates measured in the same way, adjusted estimates cannot be meaningfully provided in an aggregate data meta-analysis. In addition, as the objective was above all descriptive and not etiological or explanatory, and as it is the norm in the exploration of social inequalities in health (8), the results from the least (gender- and age-) adjusted models were in line with the objective. Indeed, including more adjustment variables could lead to overadjustment as they may be intermediate variables on the causal pathways between occupation and suicide. Our strategy was in line with previous meta-analyses on similar topics (9-11). Consequently, we would argue that our results are not likely to be largely due to confounding, contrary to the comment by Shiri. Indeed, the study of the contribution of underlying factors in explaining social inequalities in health outcomes is a fully-fledged topic of research (12-15), but this is relevant research to conduct after demonstrating that inequalities exist between social or occupational groups. Several of Shiri's comments were about statistical aspects of our analyses. First, it was suggested that we did not correctly extract the confidence intervals for the estimates of several studies. We disagree. We used the STATA metan suite of commands using log-transformed effect sizes and standard errors. Our figure 1 and the values of effect sizes and confidence intervals were provided by STATA, this explains why there may be small differences in these values compared with the results published in some studies. Using log-transformed effect sizes and confidence intervals, the analysis provided the same results. Second, our subgroup comparison was based on subsamples that were independent. As not all studies provided information for these subgroups, each subgroup was treated as a unit of analysis. This strategy allows the use of all relevant subgroups and comparisons between them (16). Third, we were also criticized for the use of random-effects models. Random-effects models are generally more plausible for meta-analysis based on studies from the published literature, because the fixed-effect model assumed that the entire corpus of literature has been obtained, ie, that every study has been or ever will be written on the topic has been included, which is an implausible assumption. We also assumed differences in effect size between studies and between subgroups, and the use of random-effects models was consistent with such an assumption. However, random-effects models produce wider confidence intervals compared to fixed-effect models (16). These models are thus more conservative, making our results all the more robust. One of Shiri's comments related to the reference group used in the studies for the comparison of agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers. Although we reported that the studies using a specific occupational group as reference group provided a higher effect size than the studies using other reference groups, we did not explicitly recognize and state in the paper that the results for Japan were based on two studies using a specific occupational group as reference; we concede that this may explain why we found a much more elevated effect size for Japan. Shiri's results (1) allow to conclude that the difference between Japan and the other geographic areas could be explained by the choice of reference group-we are grateful to him for raising this point. However, we would note that the effect size of suicide was still elevated and significant for agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers even after this change in the reference group for these two studies. Nevertheless, the choice of the optimal reference group is not obvious. If we consider the general population as the reference group, as unemployed people and economically inactive people (including people who may not be working due to illness or disability) are part of it and have a higher risk of suicide than employed people, the effect size provided by the nine studies using the general population as the reference is likely to be underestimated, which may contribute to an underestimation of the observed effect size of suicide among agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers in our study. The comparison was made in our paper with the other occupational groups (ie, the working population except the group of interest) as the reference, which was used by nine other studies, but this did not allow to determine the exact rank of the group of interest in the occupational hierarchy. Another relevant choice would have been to retain the group with the lowest suicide risk (for example, the high-skilled occupational group) as the reference, which would have led to a much higher effect size of suicide for agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers. To conclude, as statistical power in detecting differences between subgroups may be low in subgroup analyses and meta-regression, the absence of significant results according to subgroups found in our results cannot be interpreted as evidence that the effect size is the same across subgroups. Consequently, our meta-analysis reporting a significant excess of risk of suicide among agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers may also be a good incentive for more research among this group of workers to (i) confirm this observed excess of risk using differing methodological approaches to meta-analysis and (ii) explore the potential differences within this group and the underlying factors that may explain this excess of risk. References 1. Shiri R. Suicide among agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers. Scand J Work Environ Health - online first. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3697 2. Klingelschmidt J, Milner A, Khireddine-Medouni I, Witt K, Alexopoulos EC, Toivanen S, et al. Suicide among agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Scand J Work Environ Health - online first. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3682 3. Milner A, Witt K, LaMontagne AD, Niedhammer I. Psychosocial job stressors and suicidality: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Occup Environ Med - online first. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104531 4. Leach LS, Poyser C, Butterworth P. Workplace bullying and the association with suicidal ideation/thoughts and behaviour: a systematic review. Occup Environ Med. 2017;74(1):72-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103726 5. Milner A, Page A, LaMontagne AD. Long-term unemployment and suicide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e51333. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051333 6. Milner A, Morrell S, Lamontagne AD. Economically inactive, unemployed and employed suicides in Australia by age and sex over a 10-year period: what was the impact of the 2007 economic recession? Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43(5):1500-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyu148 7. Rothman KJ, Greenland S, Lash TL. Modern Epidemiology - Third Edition. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008. 8. Lundberg I, Hemmingsson T, Hogstedt C. Work and social inequalities in health in Europe. Brussels: P.I.E. Peter Lang SA; 2007. 9. Milner A, Spittal MJ, Pirkis J, Lamontagne AD. Suicide by occupation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2013;203(6):409-16. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.128405 10. Lorant V, Deliege D, Eaton W, Robert A, Philippot P, Ansseau M. Socioeconomic inequalities in depression: a meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157(2):98-112. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwf182 11. Grittner U, Kuntsche S, Gmel G, Bloomfield K. Alcohol consumption and social inequality at the individual and country levels--results from an international study. Eur J Public Health. 2013;23(2):332-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cks044 12. Niedhammer I, Bourgkard E, Chau N. Occupational and behavioural factors in the explanation of social inequalities in premature and total mortality: a 12.5-year follow-up in the Lorhandicap study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2011;26(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-010-9506-9 13. Niedhammer I, Chastang JF, David S, Kelleher C. The contribution of occupational factors to social inequalities in health: findings from the national French SUMER survey. Soc Sci Med. 2008;67(11):1870-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.09.007 14. Chazelle E, Lemogne C, Morgan K, Kelleher CC, Chastang JF, Niedhammer I. Explanations of educational differences in major depression and generalised anxiety disorder in the Irish population. J Affect Disord. 2011;134(1-3):304-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.05.049 15. Niedhammer I, Lesuffleur T, Coutrot T, Chastang JF. Contribution of working conditions to occupational inequalities in depressive symptoms: results from the national French SUMER survey. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2016;89(6):1025-37.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-016-1142-6 16. Borenstein M, Hedges LV, Higgins JPT, Rothstein HR. Introduction to meta-analysis: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-470-05724-7; 2009. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470743386. more...
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- 2018
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37. Working conditions in the explanation of occupational inequalities in sickness absence in the French SUMER study.
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Niedhammer I, Lesuffleur T, Memmi S, and Chastang JF
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- Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, France epidemiology, Health Status Disparities, Humans, Male, Occupational Exposure adverse effects, Occupational Exposure statistics & numerical data, Psychology, Social Support, Absenteeism, Workplace standards, Workplace statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: Explanations of social inequalities in sickness absence are lacking in the literature. Our objectives were to evaluate the contribution of various occupational exposures in explaining these inequalities in a national representative sample of employees., Methods: The study was based on the cross-sectional sample of the SUMER 2010 survey that included 46 962 employees, 26 883 men and 20 079 women. Both sickness absence spells and days within the last 12 months, as health indicators, were studied. Occupation was used as a marker of social position. The study included both psychosocial work factors (variables related to the classical job strain model, psychological demands, decision latitude, social support and understudied variables related to reward, job insecurity, job promotion, esteem, working time/hours and workplace violence) and occupational exposures of chemical, biological, physical and biomechanical nature. Weighted age-adjusted Poisson and negative binomial regression analyses were performed., Results: Strong occupational differences were found for sickness absence spells and days and for exposure to most work factors. Psychosocial work factors contributed to explain occupational differences in sickness absence spells, and the contributing factors were: decision latitude, social support, reward, shift work and workplace violence. Physical exposure, particularly noise, and biomechanical exposure were also found to be contributing factors. Almost no work factor was found to contribute to occupational differences in sickness absence days., Conclusion: Preventive measures at the workplace oriented towards low-skilled occupational groups and both psychosocial work factors and other occupational exposures may be beneficial to reduce sickness absence spells and occupational differences in this outcome., (© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2017
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38. [Changes in behaviors and indicators of mental health between 2006 and 2010 in the French working population].
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Malard L, Chastang JF, and Niedhammer I
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- Adult, Aged, Economic Recession statistics & numerical data, Employment psychology, Female, France epidemiology, Humans, Male, Mental Health statistics & numerical data, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Employment statistics & numerical data, Health Behavior physiology, Health Status Indicators, Mental Health trends, Workplace psychology, Workplace standards, Workplace statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: The 2008 economic crisis may have had an impact on mental health but the studies on this topic are sparse, in particular among the working population. However, mental health at work is a crucial issue involving substantial costs and consequences. The aim of the study was to assess changes in behaviors and indicators of mental health in the French working population between 2006 and 2010, and to explore the differential changes according to age, origin, occupation, activity sector, public/private sector, self-employed/employee status and work contract., Methods: The data came from the prospective national representative Santé et itinéraire professionnel (SIP) survey, including a sample of 5600 French workers interviewed in 2006 and 2010. The behaviors and indicators of mental health studied were excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, sleep problems (sleep disorders and/or insufficient sleep duration), psychotropic drug use (antidepressants, anxiolytics and/or hypnotics), and poor self-reported health. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze changes in behaviors and indicators of mental health, and the analyses were adjusted for age. Covariates (age, origin, occupation, activity sector, public/private sector, self-employed/employee status and type of contract) were added separately to assess differential changes., Results: Increases in excessive alcohol consumption among women, sleep problems among men, and smoking, insufficient sleep duration and poor self-reported health for both genders were observed in the French working population between 2006 and 2010. Some differential changes were observed, negative changes being more likely to affect young workers and workers with a permanent contract., Conclusion: Prevention policies should consider that behavior and indicators of mental health may deteriorate in times of economic crisis, especially among some sub-groups of the working population, such as young workers and workers with a permanent contract. These changes might foreshadow a forthcoming increase in mental disorders., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2017
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39. Job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression: systematic review and meta-analysis with additional individual participant data.
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Madsen IEH, Nyberg ST, Magnusson Hanson LL, Ferrie JE, Ahola K, Alfredsson L, Batty GD, Bjorner JB, Borritz M, Burr H, Chastang JF, de Graaf R, Dragano N, Hamer M, Jokela M, Knutsson A, Koskenvuo M, Koskinen A, Leineweber C, Niedhammer I, Nielsen ML, Nordin M, Oksanen T, Pejtersen JH, Pentti J, Plaisier I, Salo P, Singh-Manoux A, Suominen S, Ten Have M, Theorell T, Toppinen-Tanner S, Vahtera J, Väänänen A, Westerholm PJM, Westerlund H, Fransson EI, Heikkilä K, Virtanen M, Rugulies R, and Kivimäki M more...
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- Humans, Depressive Disorder etiology, Occupational Stress complications
- Abstract
Background: Adverse psychosocial working environments characterized by job strain (the combination of high demands and low control at work) are associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among employees, but evidence on clinically diagnosed depression is scarce. We examined job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression., Method: We identified published cohort studies from a systematic literature search in PubMed and PsycNET and obtained 14 cohort studies with unpublished individual-level data from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations (IPD-Work) Consortium. Summary estimates of the association were obtained using random-effects models. Individual-level data analyses were based on a pre-published study protocol., Results: We included six published studies with a total of 27 461 individuals and 914 incident cases of clinical depression. From unpublished datasets we included 120 221 individuals and 982 first episodes of hospital-treated clinical depression. Job strain was associated with an increased risk of clinical depression in both published [relative risk (RR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-2.13] and unpublished datasets (RR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.55). Further individual participant analyses showed a similar association across sociodemographic subgroups and after excluding individuals with baseline somatic disease. The association was unchanged when excluding individuals with baseline depressive symptoms (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 0.94-1.65), but attenuated on adjustment for a continuous depressive symptoms score (RR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.81-1.32)., Conclusions: Job strain may precipitate clinical depression among employees. Future intervention studies should test whether job strain is a modifiable risk factor for depression. more...
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- 2017
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40. Low Control and High Demands at Work as Risk Factors for Suicide: An Australian National Population-Level Case-Control Study.
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Milner A, Spittal MJ, Pirkis J, Chastang JF, Niedhammer I, and LaMontagne AD
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- Adolescent, Adult, Australia epidemiology, Case-Control Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Young Adult, Cause of Death, Employment statistics & numerical data, Registries statistics & numerical data, Stress, Psychological epidemiology, Suicide statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Objective: Previous research suggests that psychosocial job stressors may be plausible risk factors for suicide. This study assessed the relationship between psychosocial job stressors and suicide mortality across the Australian population., Methods: We developed a job exposure matrix to objectively measure job stressors across the working population. Suicide data came from a nationwide coronial register. Living controls were selected from a nationally representative cohort study. Incidence density sampling was used to ensure that controls were sampled at the time of death of each case. The period of observation for both cases and controls was 2001 to 2012. We used multilevel logistic regression to assess the odds of suicide in relation to 2 psychosocial job stressors (job control and job demands), after matching for age, sex, and year of death/survey and adjusting for socioeconomic status., Results: Across 9,010 cases and 14,007 matched controls, our results suggest that low job control (odds ratio [OR], 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26-1.44; p < .001) and high job demands (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.26-1.46; p < .001) were associated with increased odds of male suicide after adjusting for socioeconomic status. High demands were associated with lower odds of female suicide (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.72-0.92; p = .002)., Conclusions: It seems that adverse experiences at work are a risk factor for male suicide while not being associated with an elevated risk among females. Future studies on job stressors and suicide are needed, both to further understand the biobehavioral mechanisms explaining the link between job stress and suicide, and to inform targeted prevention initiatives. more...
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- 2017
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41. Musculoskeletal pain at various anatomical sites and socioeconomic position: Results of a national survey.
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Leclerc A, Chastang JF, Taiba R, Pascal P, Cyr D, Plouvier S, and Descatha A
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- Adult, Aged, Female, France epidemiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Musculoskeletal Pain etiology, Occupational Diseases epidemiology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Musculoskeletal Pain epidemiology, Occupations statistics & numerical data, Social Class
- Abstract
Background: Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain according to sites of pain and associated factors in the community has not been thoroughly documented. The association between pain and socioeconomic position has been studied by several authors, but without details in most studies regarding sites of pain, whereas the relations with social position could differ according to the site of pain. The objective of this study was to explore these differences in the community in France., Methods: The national Health and Occupational History survey was conducted in France in 2006 in subjects aged 20-74 years. Self-assessment of pain at various sites in the previous year was recorded. Five sites were considered here: back, neck, shoulder, upper limb, and lower limb. After a description of prevalence according to gender and age, the associations with socioeconomic position at the beginning of the subjects' working life, in seven categories, were studied with logistic models adjusted for age. The analyses were limited to those aged 30-74 years and were conducted separately for men and women., Results: Of the 5520 males and 6643 females studied, prevalence was the highest for back pain (35% for males, 37% for females). Pain was globally more frequent for women. For all sites of pain an increase with age was significant for women. This was not observed in men for back pain (highest prevalence in the 40- to 49-year-old age group) or neck pain. Overall, prevalence of pain was the lowest for professionals (reference category in the analyses). For males, the first occupation as a farmer or blue-collar worker was associated with an increased prevalence for most sites of pain, with odds ratios close to 2. For females, prevalence was increased for more socioeconomic categories, as compared to professionals. Among the five sites, neck pain was an exception: for both men and women, no association was observed between neck pain and socioeconomic position., Conclusion: Although exploratory, these results are consistent with the available knowledge on occupational and personal risk factors for pain, which differ according to the site of pain. Other studies are needed to better understand the causal mechanisms underlying the associations observed., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2016
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42. Contribution of working conditions to occupational inequalities in depressive symptoms: results from the national French SUMER survey.
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Niedhammer I, Lesuffleur T, Coutrot T, and Chastang JF
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- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, France, Health Surveys, Humans, Job Satisfaction, Male, Middle Aged, Occupational Exposure adverse effects, Reward, Risk Factors, Social Support, Stress, Psychological psychology, Depression psychology, Health Status Disparities, Occupational Diseases psychology, Work psychology, Workplace psychology
- Abstract
Objectives: Social inequalities in mental health have been observed, but explanations are still lacking. The objectives were to evaluate the contribution of a large set of psychosocial work factors and other occupational exposures to social inequalities in mental health in a national representative sample of employees., Methods: The sample from the cross-sectional national French survey SUMER 2010 included 46,962 employees: 26,883 men and 20,079 women. Anxiety and depression symptoms were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. Occupation was used as a marker of social position. Psychosocial work factors included various variables related to the classical job strain model, psychological demands, decision latitude, social support, and other understudied variables related to reward, job insecurity, job promotion, esteem, working time/hours, and workplace violence. Other occupational exposures of chemical, biological, physical, and biomechanical nature were also studied. Weighted age-adjusted linear regression analyses were performed., Results: Occupational gradients were found in the exposure to most psychosocial work factors and other occupational exposures. Occupational inequalities were observed for depressive symptoms, but not for anxiety symptoms. The factors related to decision latitude (and its sub-dimensions, skill discretion, and decision authority), social support, and reward (and its sub-dimensions, job promotion, job insecurity, and esteem) contributed to explain occupational inequalities in depressive symptoms. Decision latitude played a major role in the explanation. Workplace violence variables contributed among men only. Other exposures of physical and biomechanical nature also displayed significant contributions., Conclusions: Comprehensive prevention policies at the workplace may help to reduce social inequalities in mental health in the working population. more...
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- 2016
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43. Validity of a Job-Exposure Matrix for Psychosocial Job Stressors: Results from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey.
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Milner A, Niedhammer I, Chastang JF, Spittal MJ, and LaMontagne AD
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- Adult, Australia, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Income, Occupational Diseases, Stress, Psychological
- Abstract
Introduction: A Job Exposure Matrix (JEM) for psychosocial job stressors allows assessment of these exposures at a population level. JEMs are particularly useful in situations when information on psychosocial job stressors were not collected individually and can help eliminate the biases that may be present in individual self-report accounts. This research paper describes the development of a JEM in the Australian context., Methods: The Household Income Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey was used to construct a JEM for job control, job demands and complexity, job insecurity, and fairness of pay. Population median values of these variables for all employed people (n = 20,428) were used to define individual exposures across the period 2001 to 2012. The JEM was calculated for the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO) at the four-digit level, which represents 358 occupations. Both continuous and binary exposures to job stressors were calculated at the 4-digit level. We assessed concordance between the JEM-assigned and individually-reported exposures using the Kappa statistic, sensitivity and specificity assessments. We conducted regression analysis using mental health as an outcome measure., Results: Kappa statistics indicate good agreement between individually-reported and JEM-assigned dichotomous measures for job demands and control, and moderate agreement for job insecurity and fairness of pay. Job control, job demands and security had the highest sensitivity, while specificity was relatively high for the four exposures. Regression analysis shows that most individually reported and JEM measures were significantly associated with mental health, and individually-reported exposures produced much stronger effects on mental health than the JEM-assigned exposures., Discussion: These JEM-based estimates of stressors exposure provide a conservative proxy for individual-level data, and can be applied to a range of health and organisational outcomes. more...
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- 2016
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44. Psychosocial work factors and sleep problems: findings from the French national SIP survey.
- Author
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Chazelle E, Chastang JF, and Niedhammer I
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- Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Emotions, Female, France epidemiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Occupational Diseases psychology, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Sleep Wake Disorders psychology, Social Support, Stress, Psychological psychology, Work Schedule Tolerance psychology, Workload psychology, Workplace psychology, Young Adult, Occupational Diseases epidemiology, Sleep Wake Disorders epidemiology, Stress, Psychological epidemiology
- Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed at exploring the cross-sectional and prospective associations between psychosocial work factors and sleep problems., Methods: The study population consisted of a national representative sample of the French working population (SIP survey). The sample sizes were 7506 and 3555 for the cross-sectional and prospective analyses. Sleep problems were defined by either sleep disturbances or insufficient sleep duration at least several times a week. Psychosocial work factors included classical (job strain model factors) and emergent factors (recognition, insecurity, role/ethical conflict, emotional demands, work-life imbalance, etc.). Occupational factors related to working time/hours and physical work environment were also included as well as covariates related to factors outside work. Statistical analyses were performed using weighted Poisson regression analysis., Results: In the cross-sectional analyses, psychological demands, low social support, low recognition, emotional demands, perception of danger, work-life imbalance and night work were found to be associated with sleep problems. In the prospective analyses, psychological demands and night work were predictive of sleep problems. Using a less conservative method, more factors were found to be associated with sleep problems. Dose-response associations were observed, showing that the more frequent the exposure to these factors, the higher the risk of sleep problems. No effect of repeated exposure was found on sleep problems., Conclusion: Classical and emergent psychosocial work factors were associated with sleep problems. More prospective studies and prevention policies may be needed. more...
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- 2016
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45. Psychosocial work factors and first depressive episode: retrospective results from the French national SIP survey.
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Niedhammer I and Chastang JF
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- Adult, Aged, Depressive Disorder psychology, Female, France epidemiology, Health Surveys statistics & numerical data, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Occupational Diseases psychology, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Social Support, Stress, Psychological epidemiology, Stress, Psychological psychology, Young Adult, Depressive Disorder epidemiology, Occupational Diseases epidemiology, Occupational Health statistics & numerical data, Work psychology, Workplace psychology
- Abstract
Objectives: The objective was to explore the associations between psychosocial work factors and first depressive episode. Additional objectives included the study of the frequency and duration of exposure, and the evaluation of the induction period between exposures and outcome and of the reversibility of the effects., Methods: The study was based on a sample of 13,648 men and women from the 2006 national representative French SIP survey. Retrospective evaluation was performed for depressive episode for the whole life history, for psychological demands, skill discretion, social support, tension with the public, reward and work-life imbalance for each job, and within each job before and after each major change, and for time-varying covariates. The outcome was the first depressive episode. Statistical analysis was performed using weighted discrete time logistic regression model., Results: High psychological demands and low social support were risk factors for first depressive episode for both genders. The risk increased with the frequency of exposure to these factors. Associations were found with the frequency of exposure to tension with the public among women and to work-life imbalance among men. The risk increased with the duration of exposure to psychological demands and low social support for both genders, however, these associations become non-significant when recent exposure was taken into account. Past exposure older than 2 years was not associated with the outcome., Conclusion: Associations between psychosocial work factors and first depressive episode were observed, including dose-response associations. However, after removal of the exposure, the risk may be reduced after 2 years. more...
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- 2015
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46. Psychosocial work exposures among European employees: explanations for occupational inequalities in mental health.
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Schütte S, Chastang JF, Parent-Thirion A, Vermeylen G, and Niedhammer I
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- Adolescent, Adult, Employment statistics & numerical data, Europe epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders etiology, Middle Aged, Occupational Diseases epidemiology, Occupational Diseases psychology, Psychology, Socioeconomic Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Workplace psychology, Workplace statistics & numerical data, Young Adult, Employment psychology, Health Status Disparities, Mental Disorders epidemiology, Occupational Exposure statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: Social inequalities in mental health have been demonstrated but understanding the mechanisms remains unclear. This study aims at exploring the role of psychosocial work factors in explaining occupational inequalities in mental health among European employees., Methods: The study sample covered 33,443 employees coming from the European Working Conditions Survey 2010. Mental health was measured by the WHO-5 well-being index and socioeconomic position by occupation. Twenty-five psychosocial work factors were constructed including job demands, job influence and development, role stressors, social support, quality of leadership, discrimination, violence at work, working hours, job promotion, job insecurity and work-life imbalance. Multilevel linear regressions and bootstrap analyses were performed., Results: Occupational differences were observed for poor mental health and almost all psychosocial work factors. Factors related to job demands, influence and development at work, social relationships and leadership, working hours and other factors contributed to explain the occupational inequalities in mental health. In particular, factors related to influence and development contributed substantially. Among men, workplace violences were found to contribute little whereas among women these factors did not play a role., Conclusions: Future prevention interventions should have a broad and comprehensive focus in order to reduce social inequalities in mental health., (© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Faculty of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.) more...
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- 2015
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47. Changes in major depressive and generalized anxiety disorders in the national French working population between 2006 and 2010.
- Author
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Malard L, Chastang JF, and Niedhammer I
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, France epidemiology, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Sex Factors, Young Adult, Anxiety Disorders epidemiology, Depressive Disorder, Major epidemiology, Employment psychology, Employment statistics & numerical data, Occupations statistics & numerical data, Private Sector statistics & numerical data, Public Sector statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: This study aimed at assessing the changes in mental disorders in the French working population between 2006 and 2010, using nationally representative prospective data and a structured diagnostic interview for major depressive episode (MDE) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and also at exploring the differential changes in mental disorders according to age, origin, occupation, public/private sector, self-employed/employee status and work contract., Methods: The data came from the prospective national representative Santé et Itinéraire Professionnel (SIP) survey, including a sample of 5600 French workers interviewed in 2006 and 2010. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to measure MDE and GAD. Analyses were performed using weighted generalized estimation equations, and were stratified by gender., Results: No changes in MDE and GAD were observed for both genders among the working population. No differential changes were observed, except one: the prevalence of GAD increased among women working in the public sector while there was no change among women in the private sector., Limitations: Two data collections over a 4-year period may not capture the effects of the crisis on mental disorders properly., Conclusion: No changes in mental disorders between 2006 and 2010 were found but the increase in the prevalence of anxiety among women in the public sector may be of particular interest for prevention policies. High levels of social protection in France might contribute to explain these non-significant results., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2015
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48. Educational inequalities in major depressive and generalized anxiety disorders: results from the French national SIP study.
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Murcia M, Chastang JF, and Niedhammer I
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- Adult, Anxiety Disorders diagnosis, Depressive Disorder, Major diagnosis, Educational Status, Female, France epidemiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Occupations, Prevalence, Socioeconomic Factors, Young Adult, Anxiety Disorders epidemiology, Depressive Disorder, Major epidemiology, Employment, Mental Health
- Abstract
Objectives: Social inequalities in mental disorders have been reported; the lower the social position, the higher the prevalence of mental disorders. However, these inequalities have not always been observed and results may vary according to the indicator of social position, mental health outcome and population studied. The objective of this study was to examine the association between social position (educational level) and two mental disorders (major depressive disorder-MDD and general anxiety disorder-GAD), measured using a structured diagnostic interview (MINI), and to evaluate the contribution of work status in the explanation of this association., Methods: The study was based on a national representative sample of the French general population of 11,777 people including 8,072 workers. All analyses were done using weighted data. Bivariate Rao-Scott Chi-square tests were conducted, and multivariate analysis was performed using weighted logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age., Results: The prevalences of MDD/GAD and of less educated people were lower in the working population than in the non-working population. Educational inequalities were observed for MDD and GAD in the general population. Non-working status contributed to explain these inequalities by 23-28 % for MDD and by 23-37 % for GAD when the less educated group was considered. Non-working status was strongly associated with both disorders., Conclusion: These results may improve our knowledge on educational inequalities in mental health and help to understand the discrepancies in the literature. Effort to preserve jobs and facilitate the return to employment may help to reduce social inequalities in mental health. more...
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- 2015
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49. Occupational biomechanical exposure predicts low back pain in older age among men in the Gazel Cohort.
- Author
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Plouvier S, Chastang JF, Cyr D, Bonenfant S, Descatha A, Goldberg M, and Leclerc A
- Subjects
- Aged, Biomechanical Phenomena, Cohort Studies, France, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Posture, Retirement, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Low Back Pain etiology, Occupational Diseases etiology, Occupational Exposure adverse effects
- Abstract
Purpose: Occupational biomechanical exposures are considered as risk factors for low back pain in the working population. It has also been suggested that their effects persist after retirement. Our objectives were to assess the role of past biomechanical occupational exposure on low back pain in early old age among male participants of the Gazel Cohort., Methods: Low back pain for more than 30 days in the past 12 months (LBP30) was assessed in 1996 and 2006 using a French version of the Nordic questionnaire in a subsample of the Gazel Cohort. Logistic regression models were used to study associations between LBP30 in 2006 and past occupational biomechanical exposure, self-reported in 1996, taking into account personal and psychosocial work factors self-reported in 1996, and the date of retirement provided by the company. A multinomial model served to study persistent and new cases, according to LBP30 in 1996., Results: We studied 1,520 men aged 58-67 in 2006, most of them retired. Low back pain for more than 30 days in the past 12 months reported in 2006 was related to occupational biomechanical exposure encountered many years earlier (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.05-2.27 for 10-20 years of exposure to bending/twisting, OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.17-2.49 for >20 years). These associations appeared specific to low back pain for more than 30 days in the past 12 months which persisted between 1996 and 2006., Conclusion: These results suggest that occupational biomechanical exposure during active life has persistent effects among men in early old age, even for people who left the workforce. They point out the importance of preventive measures at work for better health later and appear relevant for policy-making decisions concerning age at retirement. more...
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- 2015
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50. Working conditions and psychotropic drug use: cross-sectional and prospective results from the French national SIP study.
- Author
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Lassalle M, Chastang JF, and Niedhammer I
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, France epidemiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Psychotropic Drugs adverse effects, Stress, Psychological drug therapy, Stress, Psychological epidemiology, Stress, Psychological psychology, Workplace psychology
- Abstract
Prospective studies exploring the associations between a large range of occupational factors and psychotropic drug use among national samples of workers are seldom. This study investigates the cross-sectional and prospective associations between occupational factors, including a large set of psychosocial work factors, and psychotropic drug use in the national French working population. The study sample comprised 7542 workers for the cross-sectional analysis and 4213 workers followed up for a 4-year period for the prospective analysis. Psychotropic drug use was measured within the last 12 months and defined by the use of antidepressants, anxiolytics or hypnotics. Three groups of occupational factors were explored: classical and emergent psychosocial work factors, working time/hours and physical work exposures. Weighted Poisson regression analyses were performed to adjust for covariates. In the cross-sectional analysis, psychological demands, low social support and hiding emotions were associated with psychotropic drug use. Job insecurity for men and night work for women were associated with psychotropic drug use. In the prospective analysis, hiding emotions and physical exposure were predictive of psychotropic drug use. Dose-response associations were observed for the frequency/intensity of exposure and repeated exposure to occupational factors. This study underlines the role of psychosocial work factors, including emergent factors, in psychotropic drug use. Prevention policies oriented toward psychosocial work factors comprehensively may be useful to reduce this use., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2015
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