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1. Crop Production and Carbon Sequestration Potential of Grewia oppositifolia-Based Traditional Agroforestry Systems in Indian Himalayan Region

Author

Naveen Tariyal, Arvind Bijalwan, Sumit Chaudhary, Bhupendra Singh, Chatar Singh Dhanai, Sumit Tewari, Munesh Kumar, Sandeep Kumar, Marina M. S. Cabral Pinto, and Tarun Kumar Thakur

Subjects
millet, intercropping, elevation, crop productivity, biomass, carbon stock, Agriculture
Abstract

Bhimal (Grewia oppositifolia) is the most important agroforestry tree species used for fodder, fuel and fiber in the Himalayan region. In the present study, G. oppositifolia-based traditional agroforestry systems were selected for the estimation of carbon stock and the production potential of barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea) and finger millet (Eleusine coracana), with two elevational ranges, i.e., 1000–1400 and 1400–1800 m amsl, in Garhwal Himalaya, India. The results of the investigation showed a decline in the growth and yield attributes of both the millet crops under the G. oppositifolia-based agroforestry system at both elevations as compared to their respective control sites (sole crops). Among the elevations, the total number of tillers per plant (2.70 and 2.48), the number of active tillers per plant (2.18 and 2.25), panicle length (17.63 cm and 6.95 cm), 1000-seed weight (5.49 g and 4.33 g), grain yield (10.77 q ha−1 and 11.35 q ha−1), straw yield (37.43 q ha−1 and 30.15 q ha−1), biological yield (48.21 q ha−1 and 41.51 q ha−1) and the harvest index (22.53% and 27.78%) were recorded as higher in the lower elevation in both E. frumentacea and E. coracana, respectively, while plant population per m2 (18.64 and 25.26, respectively) was recorded as higher in the upper elevation. Plant height for E. frumentacea (180.40 cm) was also observed to be higher in the upper elevation, while for E. coracana (98.04 cm), it was recorded as higher in the lower elevation. Tree carbon stock was reported negatively with an increase in altitude. The maximum amount of sequestered carbon in the tree biomass for G. oppositifolia was 23.29 Mg ha−1 at the lower elevation and 18.09 Mg ha−1 at the upper elevation. Total carbon stock in the tree biomass was reported to be the highest (15.15 Mg ha−1) in the 10–20 cm diameter class, followed by 20–30 cm (6.99 Mg ha−1), >30 cm (2.75 Mg ha−1) and the lowest (2.32 Mg ha−1) in the E. frumentacea and E. coracana was not reduced so severely under the G. oppositifolia system; however, keeping in mind the other benefits of this multipurpose tree, i.e., carbon sequestration and socioecological relevance, farmers can get benefit from adopting these crops under G. oppositifolia-based agroforestry systems.

Published
2022
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2. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate airway inflammation in a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Author

Noridzzaida Ridzuan, Norashikin Zakaria, Darius Widera, Jonathan Sheard, Mitsuru Morimoto, Hirofumi Kiyokawa, Seoparjoo Azmel Mohd Isa, Gurjeet Kaur Chatar Singh, Kong-Yong Then, Ghee-Chien Ooi, and Badrul Hisham Yahaya

Subjects
COPD, Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, Extracellular vesicles, An animal model, Medicine (General), R5-920, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an incurable and debilitating chronic disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation associated with abnormal levels of tissue inflammation. Therefore, stem cell-based approaches to tackle the condition are currently a focus of regenerative therapies for COPD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by all cell types are crucially involved in paracrine, extracellular communication. Recent advances in the field suggest that stem cell-derived EVs possess a therapeutic potential which is comparable to the cells of their origin. Methods In this study, we assessed the potential anti-inflammatory effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC)-derived EVs in a rat model of COPD. EVs were isolated from hUC-MSCs and characterized by the transmission electron microscope, western blotting, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. As a model of COPD, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for up to 12 weeks, followed by transplantation of hUC-MSCs or application of hUC-MSC-derived EVs. Lung tissue was subjected to histological analysis using haematoxylin and eosin staining, Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) staining, and immunofluorescence staining. Gene expression in the lung tissue was assessed using microarray analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 7 version 7.0 (GraphPad Software, USA). Student’s t test was used to compare between 2 groups. Comparison among more than 2 groups was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Data presented as median ± standard deviation (SD). Results Both transplantation of hUC-MSCs and application of EVs resulted in a reduction of peribronchial and perivascular inflammation, alveolar septal thickening associated with mononuclear inflammation, and a decreased number of goblet cells. Moreover, hUC-MSCs and EVs ameliorated the loss of alveolar septa in the emphysematous lung of COPD rats and reduced the levels of NF-κB subunit p65 in the tissue. Subsequent microarray analysis revealed that both hUC-MSCs and EVs significantly regulate multiple pathways known to be associated with COPD. Conclusions In conclusion, we show that hUC-MSC-derived EVs effectively ameliorate by COPD-induced inflammation. Thus, EVs could serve as a new cell-free-based therapy for the treatment of COPD.

Published
2021
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4. Socio-cultural consciousness in folk songs of Dausa district

Author

Chatar Singh Gurjar

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

The folk songs sung in the rural areas are meant for the entertainment of the people as well as for awakening the social consciousness. The artists of these songs infuse a new zeal and positive energy in the rural masses. Through these songs, singers work to remove backwardness as well as create awareness in the society. There are many such songs which, along with following various traditions, have a direct impact on the living and lifestyle of the people. Along with imparting knowledge of folk songs, stories, Vedas and Puranas, they also teach the lesson of mutual love and patriotism. Along with performing various rites, these folk songs also serve as humor. In modern times, light communicates to a person suffering from mental stress and frustration. Abstract in Hindi Lanaguge: ग्रामीण क्षेत्र में गाये जाने वाले लोकगीत-लोगों के मनोरंजन के साथ-साथ समाज चेतना जगाने वाले गीत होते है। इन गीतों के कलाकार ग्रामीण जनता में एक नई उमंग व सकारात्मक ऊर्जा का संचार करते हैं। गायक इन गीतों के माध्यम से पिछड़ेपन को दूर करने के साथ-साथ समाज में जाग्रती का काम करते हैं। कितने ही ऐेसे गीत हैं जो विभिन्न परम्पराओं को निभाने के साथ-साथ लोगों के रहन-सहन व जीवन शैली पर सीधा प्रभाव डालते हैं। ये लोकगीत-कथाओं, कहानियेां, वेद पुराणों का ज्ञान करवाने के साथ-साथ आपसी प्रेम और देश-प्रेम का पाठ भी पढाते है। विभिन्न संस्कारों को निभाने के साथ-साथ ये लोकगीत हास-परिहास का भी काम करते हैं। आधुनिक समय मे ंमानसिक तनाव व कुण्ठा से ग्रस्त व्यक्ति में प्रकाश का संचार करते हैं। Keywords: लोकगीत, संस्कृति, दंगली नाट्य, ख्याल, संस्कार, गणगौर।

Published
2022
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6. Carrier castes of folk songs and commercial songs

Author

Chatar Singh Gurjar

Abstract

There are some castes in Rajasthan who make their living by singing folk songs. These professional singers get neg in return by singing occasion-specific songs at specific host castes. Dhadhi, Dholi, Manganiyar, Langa etc. are prominent among professional singer castes. These singers mainly sing more love based songs. The beautiful combination of song and music is mesmerizing. The main feature of these songs is the poignant portrayal of love in ragas like Mand, Sorath, Maru, etc. Abstract in Hindi Language: राजस्थान में कुछ ऐसी जातियाँ हैं, जो लोकगीत गाकर अपना गुजर-बसर करती हैं। ये पेशेवर गायक विशिष्ट यजमान जातियों के यहां अवसरानुकूल गीत गाकर बदले में नेग प्राप्त करते हैं पेशेवर गायक जातियों में ढाढी, ढोली, मांगणियार, लंगा आदि प्रमुख हैं। ये गायक मुख्य रूप से प्रेमाख्यान मूलक गीत अधिक गाते हैं। गीत और संगीत का सुन्दर संयोग मनमोहक होता है। मांड, सोरठ, मारु, आदि रागों में प्रेम की विहृलता का मार्मिक चित्रण इन गीतों की प्रमुख विशेषता है। Keywords: लोकगीत, लोक देवता, बगड़ावत, देवनारायण, महागाथा, व्यावसायिक गीत।

Published
2022
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11. Toxicological, Antidiarrhoeal and Antispasmodic Activities of Syzygium myrtifolium

Author

Gurjeet Kaur Chatar Singh, Ming Hooi Tan, Shamsuddin Sultan Khan, Zhari Ismail, Mohd Shahrul Ridzuan Hamil, Mohd Zaini Asmawi, Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid, Abdul Hakeem Memon, and Mohammed Ali Ahmed Saeed

Subjects
Dimethyl cardamonin, biology, Traditional medicine, 010405 organic chemistry, medicine.drug_class, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3, Ileum, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Syzygium, Betulinic acid, Antidiarrhoeal, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, medicine, Antispasmodic, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, medicine.drug
Abstract

Syzygium myrtifolium Walp. (Syzygium campanulatum Korth), Myrtaceae, is locally known as “Kelat paya” in Malaysia. Traditionally, it is used as a remedy for stomach pain. The goal of the present study was to investigate the toxicological potential as well as the antidiarrhoeal and antispasmodic activities of betulinic acid, dimethyl cardamonin and standardized non-formulated and nano-formulated ethanol and supercritical fluid extracts prepared from leaves of S. myrtifolium. The standardized extracts did not produce in vivo toxicity. Both the compounds and standardized extracts showed dose-dependent antidiarrhoeal activity by examining changes in the percentage of liquid stools and percentage of defecation frequency. Dimethyl cardamonin and standardized extracts showed antispasmodic activity on the isolated ileum of guinea pigs. Compared with hyoscine-N-butylbromide, dimethyl cardamonin and standardized extracts produced significant, potent antagonizing activity in ileum contractions induced with acetylcholine. Furthermore, the antagonistic potential of S. myrtifolium active markers against muscarinic type M2 and M3 receptors was investigated by molecular docking.

Published
2020
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12. Crop Production and Carbon Sequestration Potential of Grewia oppositifolia-Based Traditional Agroforestry Systems in Indian Himalayan Region

Author

Tariyal, Naveen, primary, Bijalwan, Arvind, additional, Chaudhary, Sumit, additional, Singh, Bhupendra, additional, Dhanai, Chatar Singh, additional, Tewari, Sumit, additional, Kumar, Munesh, additional, Kumar, Sandeep, additional, Cabral Pinto, Marina M. S., additional, and Thakur, Tarun Kumar, additional

Published
2022
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13. Comparison of Conventional Pap Smear, Colposcopy, and HPV Testing in Diagnosis of CIN

Author

Chatar Singh, Rashmi Yadav, and Ritu Mehta

Subjects
Cervical pathology, Colposcopy, medicine.medical_specialty, education.field_of_study, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Cervical screening, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Obstetrics, Population, Obstetrics and Gynecology, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, 03 medical and health sciences, Hpv testing, 0302 clinical medicine, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Area under curve, medicine, Histopathology, business, education, Ascus
Abstract

To access prevalence of repeated smears in routine health screening and comparison of its outcome with colposcopy, and HPV testing in early diagnosis of cervical neoplasia. Cross-sectional study. Cervical screening of 1200 healthy patients 21 years and above was carried out at health camp. Conventional Pap staining was done in all cases. Abnormal cases were subjected to further testing. The result of conventional Pap smear, repeat Pap smear, HPV test, and colposcopy was compared in repeated smears. Sensitivity specificity and area under curve (AUC) were calculated with 95% CI with standard histopathology. 31.08% (N = 373) cases were followed by a repeat Pap smear. Sensitivity for conventional Pap smear in detecting CIN was found to be 82.93% and specificity was 84.76%,while sensitivity and specificity for colposcopy were 99.8% and 96.19%, respectively. Sensitivity for HPV in detecting CIN was 48.94%. AUC for Pap was 0.851, 95% CI (0.783–0.905). AUC for colposcopy was 0.981, 95% CI (0.943–0.996). In a routine health camp, as many as 31.08% of cases were repeated. 12.4% of patient’s Pap was repeatedly abnormal which shows a high prevalence of undetected cervical pathology in population. Our study also shows colposcopy has more sensitivity and specificity in detecting CIN as compared to repeat Pap smear in cases of inflammatory reactive and ASCUS cases. HPV, however, has low sensitivity in comparison with both methods.

Published
2021
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15. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Ameliorate Airway Inflammation in a Rat Model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Author

K. Then, Mitsuru Morimoto, Seoparjoo Azmel Mohd Isa, Darius Widera, Noridzzaida Ridzuan, Badrul Hisham Yahaya, Norashikin Zakaria, Ghee-Chien Ooi, Hirofumi Kiyokawa, Jonathan Sheard, and Gurjeet Kaur Chatar Singh

Subjects
Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Medicine (miscellaneous), Inflammation, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), Umbilical cord, Umbilical Cord, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, lcsh:Biochemistry, Paracrine signalling, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, medicine, Animals, Humans, COPD, lcsh:QD415-436, lcsh:R5-920, Lung, Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, An animal model, business.industry, Research, Mesenchymal stem cell, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Cell Biology, Extracellular vesicles, medicine.disease, Rats, Transplantation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Molecular Medicine, medicine.symptom, Stem cell, business, lcsh:Medicine (General)
Abstract

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an incurable and debilitating chronic disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation associated with abnormal levels of tissue inflammation. Therefore, stem cell-based approaches to tackle the condition are currently a focus of regenerative therapies for COPD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by all cell types are crucially involved in paracrine, extracellular communication. Recent advances in the field suggest that stem cell-derived EVs possess a therapeutic potential which is comparable to the cells of their origin. Methods In this study, we assessed the potential anti-inflammatory effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC)-derived EVs in a rat model of COPD. EVs were isolated from hUC-MSCs and characterized by the transmission electron microscope, western blotting, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. As a model of COPD, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for up to 12 weeks, followed by transplantation of hUC-MSCs or application of hUC-MSC-derived EVs. Lung tissue was subjected to histological analysis using haematoxylin and eosin staining, Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) staining, and immunofluorescence staining. Gene expression in the lung tissue was assessed using microarray analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 7 version 7.0 (GraphPad Software, USA). Student’s t test was used to compare between 2 groups. Comparison among more than 2 groups was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Data presented as median ± standard deviation (SD). Results Both transplantation of hUC-MSCs and application of EVs resulted in a reduction of peribronchial and perivascular inflammation, alveolar septal thickening associated with mononuclear inflammation, and a decreased number of goblet cells. Moreover, hUC-MSCs and EVs ameliorated the loss of alveolar septa in the emphysematous lung of COPD rats and reduced the levels of NF-κB subunit p65 in the tissue. Subsequent microarray analysis revealed that both hUC-MSCs and EVs significantly regulate multiple pathways known to be associated with COPD. Conclusions In conclusion, we show that hUC-MSC-derived EVs effectively ameliorate by COPD-induced inflammation. Thus, EVs could serve as a new cell-free-based therapy for the treatment of COPD.

Published
2020
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17. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate airway inflammation in a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Author

Ridzuan, Noridzzaida, primary, Zakaria, Norashikin, additional, Widera, Darius, additional, Sheard, Jonathan, additional, Morimoto, Mitsuru, additional, Kiyokawa, Hirofumi, additional, Mohd Isa, Seoparjoo Azmel, additional, Chatar Singh, Gurjeet Kaur, additional, Then, Kong-Yong, additional, Ooi, Ghee-Chien, additional, and Yahaya, Badrul Hisham, additional

Published
2021
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19. Microstructures using RF sputtered PSG film as a sacrificial layer in surface micromachining

Author

Vivekanand Bhatt, Sudhir Chandra, and Chatar Singh

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Materials science, business.industry, Silicon dioxide, Substrate (electronics), Sputter deposition, Microstructure, chemistry.chemical_compound, Surface micromachining, chemistry, Torr, Cavity magnetron, Electronic engineering, Optoelectronics, business, Layer (electronics)
Abstract

In this paper, we explore RF magnetron sputtered Phosphor-silicate-glass (PSG) film as a sacrificial layer in surface micromachining technology. For this purpose, a 76 mm diameter target of phosphorus-doped silicon dioxide was prepared by conventional solid-state reaction route using P2O5 and SiO2 powders. The PSG films were prepared in a RF (13·56 MHz) magnetron sputtering system at 300 watt RF power, 20 mTorr pressure and 45 mm target-to-substrate spacing without external substrate heating. Microstructures of sputtered silicon dioxide film were fabricated using sputtered PSG film as sacrificial layer in surface micromachining process.

Published
2009
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20. Ab initio calculations, FTIR and Raman spectra of 2,3-difluorobenzonitrile

Author

V.K. Rastogi, M. Alcolea Palafox, R.P Tanwar, and Chatar Singh

Subjects
Chemistry, Ab initio, Zero-point energy, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Vibration, Molecular physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry, symbols.namesake, Models, Chemical, Normal mode, Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, Nitriles, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, symbols, Thermodynamics, Molecule, Physical chemistry, Physics::Chemical Physics, Spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Instrumentation, Scaling
Abstract

Geometry, vibrational frequencies, atomic charges and several thermodynamic parameters (the total energy, the zero point energy, the rotational constants and the room temperature entropy) were calculated using ab initio quantum chemical methods for 2,3-difluorobenzonitrile molecule. The results were compared with experimental values. With the help of two specific scaling procedures, observed FTIR and Raman vibrational frequencies were analysed and assigned to different normal modes of the molecule. The error obtained was in general very low. Other general conclusions have also been deduced.

Published
2001
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21. Fourier transform Raman spectrum andab initio and density functional computations of the vibrational spectrum, molecular geometry, atomic charges and some molecular properties of the anticarcinogenic drug 5-fluorouracil

Author

Vaibhav Jain, M. Alcolea Palafox, R. A. Yadav, Chatar Singh, and V.K. Rastogi

Subjects
Chemistry, Computation, Spectrum (functional analysis), Ab initio, Vibrational spectrum, Fourier transform raman, Molecular physics, symbols.namesake, Molecular geometry, symbols, Physical chemistry, General Materials Science, Atomic charge, Raman spectroscopy, Spectroscopy
Published
2000
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22. Contributory presentations/posters

Author

N. Manoj, V. R. Srinivas, A. Surolia, M. Vijayan, K. Suguna, R. Ravishankar, R. Schwarzenbacher, K. Zeth, null Diederichs, G. M. Kostner, A. Gries, P. Laggner, R. Prassl, null Madhusudan, Pearl Akamine, Nguyen-huu Xuong, Susan S. Taylor, M. Bidva Sagar, K. Saikrishnan, S. Roy, K. Purnapatre, P. Handa, U. Varshney, B. K. Biswal, N. Sukumar, J. K. Mohana Rao, A. Johnson, Vasantha Pattabhi, S. Sri Krishna, Mira Sastri, H. S. Savithri, M. R. N. Murthy, Bindu Pillai, null Kannan, M. V. Hosur, Mukesh Kumar, Swati Patwardhan, K. K. Kannan, B. Padmanabhaa, S. Sasaki-Sugio, M. Nukaga, T. Matsuzaki, S. Karthikevan, S. Sharma, A. K. Sharma, M. Paramasivam, P. Kumar, J. A. Khan, S. Yadav, A. Srinivasan, T. P. Singh, S. Gourinath, Neelima Alam, A. Srintvasan, Vikas Chandra, Punit Kaur, Ch. Betzel, S. Ghosh, A. K. Bera, S. Bhattacharya, S. Chakraborty, A. K. Pal, B. P. Mukhopadhyay, I. Dey, U. Haldar, Asok Baneriee, Jozef Sevcik, Adriana Solovicova, K. Sekar, M. Sundaralingam, N. Genov, Dong-cai Liang, Tao Jiang, Ji-ping Zhang, Wen-rui Chang, Wolfgang Jahnke, Marcel Blommers, S. C. Panchal, R. V. Hosur, Bindu Pillay, Puniti Mathur, S. Srivatsun, Ratan Mani Joshi, N. R. Jaganathan, V. S. Chauhan, H. S. Atreya, S. C. Sahu, K. V. R. Chary, Girjesh Govil, Elisabeth Adjadj, Éric Quinjou, Nadia Izadi-Pruneyre, Yves Blouquit, Joël Mispelter, Bernadette Heyd, Guilhem Lerat, Philippe Milnard, Michel Desmadreil, Y. Lin, B. D. Nageswara Rao, Vidva Raghunathan, Mei H. Chau, Prashant Pesais, Sudha Srivastava, Evans Coutinho, Anil Saran, Leizl F. Sapico, Jayson Gesme, Herbert Lijima, Raymond Paxton, Thamarapu Srikrishnan, C. R. Grace, G. Nagenagowda, A. M. Lynn, Sudha M. Cowsik, Sarata C. Sahu, S. Chauhan, A. Bhattacharya, G. Govil, Anil Kumar, Maurizio Pellecchia, Erik R. P. Zuiderweg, Keiichi Kawano, Tomoyasu Aizawa, Naoki Fujitani, Yoichi Hayakawa, Atsushi Ohnishi, Tadayasu Ohkubo, Yasuhiro Kumaki, Kunio Hikichi, Katsutoshi Nitta, V. Rani Parvathy, R. M. Kini, Takumi Koshiba, Yoshihiro Kobashigawa, Min Yao, Makoto Demura, Astushi Nakagawa, Isao Tanaka, Kunihiro Kuwajima, Jens Linge, Seán O. Donoghue, Michael Nilges, G. Chakshusmathi, Girish S. Ratnaparkhi, P. K. Madhu, R. Varadarajan, C. Tetreau, M. Tourbez, D. Lavalette, M. Manno, P. L. San Biagio, V. Martorana, A. Emanuele, S. M. Vaiana, D. Bulone, M. B. Palma-Vittorelli, M. U. Palma, V. D. Trivedi, S. F. Cheng, W. J. Chien, S. H. Yang, S. Francis, D. K. Chang, Renn Batra, Michael A. Geeves, Dietmar J. Manstein, Joanna Trvlska, Pawel Grochowski, Maciej Geller, K. Ginalski, P. Grochowski, B. Lesyng, P. Lavalette, Y. Blouquit, D. Roccatano, A. Amadei, A. Di Nola, H. J. C. Berendsen, Bosco Ho, P. M. G. Curmi, H. Berry, D. Lairez, E. Pauthe, J. Pelta, V. Kothekar, Shakti Sahi, M. Srinivasan, Anil K. Singh, Kartha S. Madhusudnan, Fateh S. Nandel, Harpreet Kaur, Balwinder Singh, D. V. S. Jain, K. Anton Feenstra, Herman J. C. Berendsen, F. Tama, Y. -H. Sanejouand, N. Go, Deepak Sharma, Sunita Sharma, Santosh Pasha, Samir K. Brahmachari, R. Viiavaraghavan, Jyoti Makker, Sharmisllia Dey, S. Kumar, G. S. Lakshmikanth, G. Krishnamoorthy, V. M. Mazhul, E. M. Zaitseva, Borys Kierdaszuk, J. Widengren, B. Terry, Ü. Mets, R. Rigler, R. Swaminathan, S. Thamotharan, N. Yathindra, Y. Shibata, H. Chosrowjan, N. Mataga, I. Morisima, Tania Chakraharty, Ming Xiao, Roger Cooke, Paul Selvin, C. Branca, A. Faraone, S. Magazù, G. Maisano, P. Migliardo, V. Villari, Digambar V. Behere, M. Sharique Zahida Waheed Deva, M. Brunori, F. Cutruzzolà, Q. H. Gibson, C. Savino, C. Travaglini-Allocatelli, B. Vallone, Swati Prasad, Shyamalava Mazumdar, Samaresh Mitra, P. Soto, R. Fayad, I. E. Sukovataya, N. A. Tyulkova, Sh. V. Mamedov, B. Aktas, M. Canturk, B. Aksakal, R. Yilgin, K. I. Bogutska, N. S. Miroshnichenko, S. Chacko, M. DiSanto, J. A. Hypolite, Y-M. Zheng, A. J. Wein, M. Wojciechowski, T. Grycuk, J. Antosiewicz, Marc A. Ceruso, Alfredo Di Nola, Subhasis Bandvopadhvay, Bishnu P. Chatterjee, Devapriva Choudhury, Andrew Thompson, Vivian Stojanoff, Jerome Pinkner, Scott Hultgren, Stefan Khight, Delphine Flatters, Julia Goodfellow, Fumi Takazawatt, Minoru Kanehisa, Masaki Sasai, Hironori Nakamura, Wang Bao Han, Yuan Zheng, Wang Zhi Xin, Pan xin Min, Vlnod Bhakuni, Sangeeta Kulkarni, Atta Ahmad, Koodathingal Prakash, Shashi Prajapati, Alexey Surin, Tomoharu Matsumoto, Li Yang, Yuki Nakagawa, Kazumoto Kimura, Yoshiyuki Amemiya, Gennady V. Semisotnov, Hiroshi Kihara, Saad Tayyab, Salman Muzammil, Yogesh Kumar, Vinod Bhakuni, Monica Sundd, Suman Kundu, M. V. Jagannadham, Medicherla V. Jagannadham, Bina Chandani, Ruby Dhar, Lalankumar Sinha, Deepti Warrier, Sonam Mehrotra, Purnima Khandelwal, Subhendu Seth, Y. U. Sasidhar, C. Ratna Prabha, Arun Gidwani, K. P. Madhusudan, Akira R. Kinjo, Ken Nishikawa, Suvobrata Chakravarty, Raghavan Varadarajan, K. Noyelle, P. Haezebrouck, M. Joniau, H. 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Nandy, Ayumu Saito, Koichi Nishigaki, Mohammed Naimuddin, Takatsugu Hirokawa, Mitsuo Ono, Hirotomo Takaesu, M. I. El Gohary, Abdalla S. Ahmed, A. M. Eissa, Hiroshi Nakashima, G. P. S. Raghava, N. Kurgalvuk, O. Goryn, Bernard S. Gerstman, E. V. Gritsenko, N. N. Remmel, O. M. Maznyak, V. A. Kratasyuk, E. N. Esimbekova, D. Tchitchkan, S. Koulchitsky, A. Tikhonov, A. German, Y. Pesotskaya, S. Pashkevich, S. Pletnev, V. Kulchitsky, Umamaheswar Duvvuri, Sridhar Charagundla, Rahim Rizi, John S. Leigh, Ravinder Reddy, Mahesh Kumar, O. Coshic, P. K. Julka, O. K. Rath, NR. Jagannathan, Karina Roxana Iliescu, Maria Sajin, Nicolcta Moisoi, Ileana Petcu, A. I. Kuzmenko, R. P. Morozova, I. A. Nikolenko, G. V. Donchenko, M. K. Rahman, M. M. Ahmed, Takehiro Watanabe, Y. Rubin, H. Gilboa, R. Sharony, R. Ammar, G. Uretzky, M. Khubchandani, H. N. Mallick, V. Mohan Kumar, Arijitt Borthakur, Erik M. Shapiro, M. Gulnaz Begum, Mahaveer N. Degaonkar, S. Govindasamy, Ivan Dimitrov, T. A. Kumosani, W. Bild, I. Stefanescu, G. Titescu, R. Iliescu, C. Lupusoru, V. Nastasa, I. Haulica, Gopal Khetawat, N. Faraday, M. Nealen, S. Noga, P. F. Bray, T. V. Ananieva, E. A. Lycholat, MV. Kosevich, S. G. Stepanyan, S. V. Antonyuk, R. Khachatryan, H. Arakelian, A. Kumar, S. Ayrapetyan, V. Mkheyan, S. Agadjanyan, A. Khachatryan, S. S. Rajan, V. Kabaleeswaran, Geetha Gopalakrishnan, T. R. Govindachari, Meera Ramrakhiani, Phillip Lowe, Andrew Badley, David C. Cullen, H. Hermel, W. Schmahl, H. Möhwald, Nirmalya Majumdar, Joydip Das, András Dér, Loránd Kelemen, László Oroszi, András Hámori, Jeremy J. Ramsden, Pál Ormos, D. Savitri, Chanchal K. Mitra, Toshio Yanagida, Seiji Esaki, Yuji Kimura, Tomoyuki Nishida, Yosiyuki Sowa, M. Radu, V. K. Koltover, Ya. I. Estrin, L. A. Kasumova, V. P. Bubnov, E. E. Laukhina, Rajiv Dotta, M. Degaonkar, P. Raghunathan, Rama Jayasundar, Pavel Novák, Milan Marko, Ivan Zahradník, Hiroaki Hirata, Hidetake Miyata, J. Balaji, P. Sengupta, S. Maiti, M. Gonsalves, A. L. Barker, J. V. Macpherson, D. O’Hare, C. P. Winlove, P. R. Unwin, R. Phillip, S. Banerjee, G. Ravindra Kumar, K. Nagayaka, R. Danev, S. Sugitani, K. Murata, Michael Gősch, H. Blom, P. Thyberg, Z. Földes-Papp, G. Björk, J. Holm, T. Heino, Masashi Yokochi, Fuyuhiko Inagaki, Masami Kusunoki, E. K. Matthews, J. Pines, Yu. P. Chukova, Vitaly K. Koltover, Geetanjali Bansal, Uma Singh, M. P. Bansal, Kotoko Nakata, Tastuya Nakano, Tsuguchika Kaminuma, B. P. S. Kang, U. Singh, Bonn Kirn, Neja Potocnik, Vito Stare, Latal Shukla, V. Natarajan, T. P. A. Devasagayam, M. D. Sastry, P. C. Kesavan, R. Sayfutdinov, V. V. Adamovich, D. Yu. Rogozin, A. G. Degermendzhy, C. L. Khetrapal, G. A. Nagana Gowda, Kedar Nath Ghimire, Ishida Masaru, H. Fujita, S. Ishiwata, Y. Kishimoto, S. Kawahara, M. Suzuki, H. Mori, M. Mishina, Y. Kirino, H. Ohshima, A. S. Dukhin, V. N. Shilov, P. J. Goetz, and R. K. Mishra

Subjects
0303 health sciences, biology, General Medicine, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Horseradish peroxidase, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 0104 chemical sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Biochemistry, Manganese porphyrin, biology.protein, Enzyme reconstitution, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 030304 developmental biology
Published
1999
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23. Sliding behaviour of boron ion-implanted 304 stainless steel

Author

Amitabh Jain, Chatar Singh, and Sadhna Shrivastava

Subjects
Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, Metallurgy, General Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Tribology, Indentation hardness, Semimetal, Brittleness, Ion implantation, chemistry, Boron, human activities, Layer (electronics)
Abstract

We have studied the influence of boron ion implantation on the friction and wear behaviour of 304 stainless steel. We find an increase in microhardness following implantation. We also observe a reduction in wear and coefficient of friction. We have measured the microhardness, inside the wear tracks and have found a large increase in the values in the unimplanted specimens and only a small increase in the implanted specimens. These observations have thrown light on the change in the wear mechanism between the two cases. We have also used Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-rays, to characterize the differences in the mode of wear. The change in wear behaviour is brought about by the ability of boron to prevent the surface from transforming into a hard brittle layer during wear.

Published
1995
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24. Optical properties of H2S‐annealed CuInSe2films

Author

Chatar Singh, O. P. Agnihotri, G. Aren, and V. D. Vankar

Subjects
Chemistry, Annealing (metallurgy), business.industry, Band gap, Scanning electron microscope, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Microstructure, Vacuum evaporation, Optics, Crystallite, Thin film, business, Refractive index
Abstract

Thin polycrystalline CuInSe2 films have been grown in a range of composition and deposited on the glass substrate by two‐source vacuum evaporation of CuInSe2 and Se powders. These films were annealed into H2S. The optical study shows an increase in the energy band gap after annealing. The films were examined by x‐ray diffraction, energy dispersive x‐ray analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The optical constants of the films were determined by transmission and reflection at normal incidence in the energy range 0.83–1.77 eV.

Published
1992
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25. Synthesis and characterisation of complex of Cu(II) with 6-azauracil

Author

M. Alcolea Palafox, V. K. Rastogi, Chatar Singh, and Usha Awasthi

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Pyrimidine, Stereochemistry, Chemistry, Pyridine, Nucleic acid, Molecule, Biological activity, Uracil, Ring (chemistry), Thymine
Abstract

N-heterocyclic molecules like pyridine, pyrimidine, uracil etc are of special interest due to their biological and pharmacological activities. Among possible structural modifications of parent nucleic bases one may consider the ring alterations via the substitution of the CH group by the nitrogen atom. In this way one may obtain the 6-azauracil by replacing the CH group at position 6th by nitrogen atom1. The biological activity of aza analogues of uracil has been investigated. 6-azauracil causes severe inhibition of RNA formation. The pyrimidine compounds derived from uracil, and thymine usually exist mainly in the keto form and give stable complexes with first row transition metals. Since drugs show increased activity when used in the form of their metal complexes, therefore, it was considered of interest to synthesize and characterise the complex of Cu (II) with 6-azauracil (6-AU). 6-azauracil can coordinate to the metal ion through the two nitrogen atoms of the pyrimidine ring, and the two carbonyl oxygens.

Published
1999
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26. Synthesis and characterisation of complex of Cu(II) with 5-azauracil

Author

S. Gunasekaran, Chatar Singh, V. K. Rastogi, and M. Alcolea Palafox

Subjects
Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, visual_art, Metal ions in aqueous solution, Atom, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Nucleic acid, Infrared spectroscopy, Uracil, Biological activity, Ring (chemistry), Combinatorial chemistry
Abstract

Interaction of metal ions with nucleic acid bases and their derivatives has attracted much attention in recent years because metal complexes are involved in the proper functioning of most of the living systems1-2. Vibrational spectroscopy enables studies of metal complexes at a molecular level, because the bands, observed in vibrational spectroscopy arises from all parts of the metal-ligand complex. Among various possible structural modifications of parent nucleic bases one may consider the ring alterations via the substitution of CH group by the nitrogen atom3. In this way one can obtain 5-azauracil by substituting N atom at 5th position in the ring. The biological activity of aza analogues of uracil has been intensively investigated. 5-azauracil was considered to be a potential anticancer agent. Since drugs show increased activity when used in the form of their metalcomplexes, therefore, it was considered of interest to prepare and characterise the complex of Cu(II) with 5-azauracil (5-AU).

Published
1999
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27. Synthesis and characterisation of complex of Cu(II) with 5-carboxy-2-thiouracil

Author

M. Alcolea Palafox, V. K. Rastogi, Chatar Singh, and Gupta S

Subjects
Pyrimidine, Ligand, chemistry.chemical_element, Uracil, Ring (chemistry), Sulfur, Combinatorial chemistry, Oxygen, Thiouracil, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium
Abstract

The ligands containing nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen as donor atoms have been reported to play an important role in anticancer and antiviral activities. Recent spectroscopic studies 1-5 of uracil derivatives and their metal complexes have been motivated by their biological importance. 5-carboxy-2-thiouracil is an interesting ligand, since coordination may occur through two nitrogen atoms of pyrimidine ring, C2=S, C4=O and COO groups. In the present work, we describe the preparation and characterization of the complex of Cu(II) with 5-carboxy-2-thiouracil.

Published
1999
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28. Glutathione S Transferase P1, MI and TI Genotypes and Risk for Colorectal Cancer Development in Malaysian Population.

Author

Mohd Shahpudin, Siti Nurfatimah, Mustapha, Mohd Aminudin, Abdul Aziz, Ahmad Aizat, Murali Krishna, Bhavaraju Venkata, Chatar Singh, Gurjeet Kaur, Naik, Venkatesh R., Zakaria, Zaidi, Mohd Sidek, Ahmad Shanwani, Abu Hassan, Mohammad Radz, and Ankathi, Ravindran

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease with factors including dietary and lifestyle habits and genetic predisposition contributing to its etiopathogenesis. Even though the genetic predisposing factors are still unclear, genetic polymorphisms of genes encoding enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolic pathways that activate or inactivate dietary carcinogens have been proposed as candidate genes. Three members of the Gluthathione S-Transferase (GSTs) family GSTPI, GSTT1 and GSTM1 have been analyzed in Malaysian population for polymorphic variants, and to elucidate their role in colorectal carcinogenesis. Objective: To determine the frequencies of GSTPI, GSTTI and GSTMI genotypes in 111 histopathologically confirmed CRC patients and 128 healthy controls and to evaluate the association risk of GSTPI, GSTTI and GSTMI genotypes on CRC predisposition. Material and Methods: Peripheral blood from the study subjects were collected in EDTA tubes and genomic DNA extracted using QIAGEN kit. The GSTPI IlelO5Val polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-RFLP technique using BsmAl restriction enzyme. The presence or absence of GSTM1 and GSTT1, genes were determined using a multiplex PCR protocol with albumin as the housekeeping gene. The resulting PCR fragments were separated on 2.0% agarose gel for GSTPI and 3.0% agarose gel electrophoresis for the GSTT1 and GSTM1. Results and Conclusion: On evaluating the CRC risk association with variant genotypes singly, GSTTI null genotype was associated significantly with an elevated risk (OR 1.804, 95%CI: 1.065-3.361, p=0027). When the polymorphic genotypes were analyzed in combination, the combination genotypes of GSTPI Val/Val/GSTM+/GSTTI÷ (OR 4.000), Val/Val/GSTMI-/GSTTI- (OR 3.000), and GSTPI Ile/Ile/GSTMI+/GSTTI- (OR 2.833) showed higher associated risk for CRC susceptibility, however the risk values were not statistically significant. Further studies involving larger sample size may help to identify the more specific risk groups and to determine factors of importance in CRC development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011

29. Noise Spectra of a Probe in a Hot-Cathode Discharge

Author

Chatar Singh

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Oscillation, Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Electron, Hot cathode, Spectral line, Cathode, law.invention, Noise generator, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tube (fluid conveyance), Atomic physics, Noise (radio), General Environmental Science
Abstract

Measurements have been made with a floating and a biased probe of the low-frequency noise which occurs in hot-cathode discharges through mercury vapour at low pressures. As previously reported by Cobine and Gallagher, and Martin and Woods, the spectrum is continuous but there are no superimposed peaks of oscillation. The spectra agree with that of the tube noise in their general shape. It has been shown that the primary electrons from the cathode are not essential for the noise to be recorded from the probe.

Published
1959
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30. Summary and recommendations of the Southeast Asian Regional Conference on University Physics Education

Author

Chatar Singh and R. J. Seward

Subjects
Physics, Higher education, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Physics education, General Physics and Astronomy, Developing country, Library science, Southeast asian, Engineering physics, Science education, International education, Presentation, business, Theme (narrative), media_common
Abstract

This paper is primarily a presentation of the recommendations developed by a conference (RCUPE) held in May, 1977 for the express purpose of discussing the special problems of teaching physics in the Southeast Asian region. The Conference was attended by almost 100 participants representing 11 countries of the region. The principal theme that emerged from the Conference was the importance of developing economic and cultural self‐reliance in the region, and many of the recommendations concerned ways of achieving such self‐reliance in the field of university physics education.

Published
1978
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