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A negative electrode is constructed based on MnSn(OH)6 nanocubes prepared by a simple precipitation method at room temperature for supercapacitor application. The as-prepared material was structurally and morphologically characterized with the help of XRD, FT-IR, Raman, XPS, FESEM, and HRTEM analyses. The uniform structure and fine edge morphology with high conductivity due to oxygen vacancies promote the redox reaction, which results in high pseudocapacitance. The electrochemical performance is investigated through a three-electrode cell system in a negative potential window (− 1.0 to 0.0 V). A maximum specific capacitance of 209 F/g is calculated at a specific current of 1 A/g. The electrodes also exhibit excellent cycling stability (79% specific capacitance retention after 3000 consecutive GCD cycles). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammation, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and cell damage are the major patho-physiological reasons behind type 2 diabetes (T2DM), which is one of the most prevalent non communicable metabolic disorders in the world. Oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin shots are usually exercised to treat the diabetic patients but it produces many side effects. Thereby paving the way for natural hypoglycemic agents; a Himalayan herb and alternative nutritional therapy; low glycaemic indexed pumpkin seed, are used in combination for a better management of the disease. The aim of the study was to explore the combined efficacy of Gymnadenia orchidis Lindl root Salep and low-glycemic indexed-pumpkin seeds in better management of T2DM and associated complications. Balb/c mice were randomly allocated to six different groups (n=5). Streptozotocin along with high-fat-diet was used to induce T2DM. The experimental animals were supplemented with low-glycemic food or root Salep (200 mg/kg body weight) or combination of both according to their groups for 21 days, post which various biochemical tests were performed. T2DM augmented the IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, BAX, Insulin levels, and HOMA-IR with concurrent reduction of IL-4, QUICKI, Bcl-2, estradiol and progesterone levels. FACS revealed augmented cellular damage in T2DM mice. Interestingly, root Salep and pumpkin seeds normalized those parameters in T2DM animals suggesting significant (p<0.001) improvement of immunity of the diseased animals and ameliorated associated complications. Root Salep and pumpkin seed display synergism among binomial set of herbal agents which may be safely used for T2DM management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, a simple and cost-effective precipitation approach was carried out to fabricate CuO nano-needle, and its electrochemical performance was evaluated in a redox-mediated electrolyte (2 M KOH and 0.3 M K3Fe(CN)6). A high specific capacitance of 2519 F/g was recorded at a specific current of 8 A/g. However, the electrode suffered from poor rate capability as the specific capacitance was rapidly decreased to 100 and 1 F/g when the specific current was increased to 30 and 50 A/g, respectively. The CuO nanoparticles were further modified with MnO2 by a hydrothermal method, and the resulting CuO–MnO2 (CMO6) electrode delivered a high specific capacitance of 539 F/g even at very high specific current of 50 A/g. The as-synthesized electrode materials were structurally and morphologically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrochemical performances of the CuO and MnO2–CuO composites have been examined in detail. Synopsis Modification of pristine CuO nano-needles with MnO2 nanosheets improved the electrochemical performance of the material. The composite was able to deliver a high specific capacitance of 539 F/g even at very high specific current of 50 A/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence of multi-organ affecting Type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing day by day that consequently becomes a serious threat to public health. According to Ayurveda, individual's basic constitution (Prakriti) describes its predisposition and prognosis to disease status and also the treatment for disease but no detailed studies carried out yet on diabetic individuals of three Prakriti groups on biochemical aspects. This study was conducted with twelve patients in each three Prakriti groups having Type 2 diabetes mellitus to determine the differences of some anthropometrical and biochemical parameters amongst them. Clinical profiling and various biochemical parameters of liver and kidney, lipid profiles and antioxidant enzymes were assayed. Significant differences were observed amongst the subjects belonging in different Prakriti groups. Differences in liver function enzymes and kidney function parameters and lipid profiles revealed that the subjects of Kapha and Pitta Prakriti were predominant groups. Glycosylated haemoglobin percentage was higher in Pitta Prakriti individuals. The screening process of the study indicated that diabetic individuals mostly belong to the Pitta and Kapha Prakriti groups of which Kapha Prakriti was more prone to hepatic and renal disorder and Pitta Prakriti was more susceptible towards cardiac disorder due to their diabetic complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bridging nature of in situ generated hydroxide ions and carboxylates (RCOO−; R = CH3, C2H5, CH2Ph) has been utilized to design a new family of [Cu6] coordination complexes: [Cu6(μ3-OH)2(μ-H2L)2(μ1,1,3-O2CCH3)2(μ1,3-O2CCH3)2(μ-ClO4)2](ClO4)2·H2O (1), [Cu6(μ3-OH)2(μ-H2L)2(μ1,1,3-O2CC2H5)4(μ-ClO4)2](ClO4)2·2H2O (2) and [Cu6(μ3-OH)2(μ-H2L)2(μ1,3-O2CCH2Ph)4(ClO4)2](ClO4)2·2H2O (3). Tetracarboxylate bridged {Cu2} core units are trapped between two ligand-bound {Cu2(μ-H2L)(μ-OH)}2+ subunits forming the [Cu6] complexes. The hexanuclear {Cu6(μ3-OH)2(H2L)2(μ-O2CR)4}4+ cores having six interconnected CuII ions assume a hitherto unknown dumbbell-shaped topology. Detailed characterizations have been done using X-ray crystallography and variable temperature magnetic measurements. For complexes 1–3, the dominant coupling constant (J′) values between carboxylate bridged copper centers are −36.2 to −45.2 cm−1 for short Cu…Cu separations of 2.540–2.578 Å. In MeCN solutions all three complexes showed catalytic oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butyl catechol (3,5-DTBCH2) in air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic one-step one-pot multicomponent reaction of Co(ClO 4 ) 2 ·6H 2 O, H 3 L (2,6-bis((2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)-4-methylphenol), and readily available carboxylate salts (RCO 2 Na; R = CH 3 , C 2 H 5 ) resulted in the two structurally novel coordination aggregates [Co II Co III 4 L 2 (μ 1,3 -O 2 CCH 3 ) 2 (μ-OH) 2 ](ClO 4 ) 4 ·4H 2 O (1) and [Co II Co III 4 L 2 (μ 1,3 -O 2 CC 2 H 5 ) 2 (μ-OH)(μ-OMe)](ClO 4 ) 4 ·5H 2 O (2). At room temperature, reactions of H 3 L in MeOH with cobalt(II) perchlorate salts led to coassembly of initially formed ligand-bound {Co II 2 } fragments following aerial oxidation of metal centers and bridging by in situ generated hydroxido/alkoxido groups and added carboxylate anions. Available alkoxido arms of the initially formed {L(μ 1,3 -O 2 CCH 3 )(μ-OH/OMe)Co 2 } + fragments were utilized to trap a central Co II ion during the formation of [Co 5 ] aggregates. In the solid state, both complexes have been characterized by X-ray crystallography, variable-temperature magnetic measurements, and theoretical studies. Both 1 and 2 show field-induced slow magnetic relaxation that arises from the single pseudo- T d Co II ion present. The structural distortion leads to an easy-axis magnetic anisotropy ( D = -31.31 cm -1 for 1 and -21.88 cm -1 for 2) and a small but non-negligible transverse component ( E/ D = 0.11 for 1 and 0.08 for 2). The theoretical studies also reveal how the O-Co-O bond angles and the interplanar angles control D and E values in 1 and 2. The presence of two diamagnetic {Co 2 (μ-L)} hosts controls the distortion of the central {CoO 4 } unit, highlighting a strategy to control single-ion magnetic anisotropy by trapping single ions within a diamagnetic coordination environment.

Two flexible, branched, and sterically constrained di- and tripodal side arms around a phenol backbone were utilized in ligands H 3 L1 and H 5 L2 to isolate {Mn 6 } and {Mn 3 } coordination aggregates. 2,6-Bis{(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-ylimino)methyl}-4-methylphenol (H 3 L1) gave trinuclear complex [Mn 3 (μ-H 2 L1) 2 (μ 1,3 -O 2 CCH 3 ) 4 (CH 3 OH) 2 ](ClO 4 ) 2 ·4CH 3 OH (1), whereas 2,6-bis[{1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butan-2-ylimino}methyl]-4-methylphenol (H 5 L2) provided hexanuclear complex [Mn 6 (μ 4 -H 2 L2) 2 (μ-HL3) 2 (μ 3 -OH) 2 (μ 1,3 -O 2 CC 2 H 5 ) 4 ](ClO 4 ) 2 ·2H 2 O (2). Binding of acetates and coordination of {H 2 L1} - provided a linear Mn III Mn II Mn III arrangement in 1. A Mn III 6 fused diadamantane-type assembly was obtained in 2 from propionate bridges, coordination of {H 2 L2} 3- , and in situ generated {HL3} 2- . The magnetic characterization of 1 and 2 revealed the properties dominated by intramolecular anti-ferromagnetic exchange interactions, and this was confirmed using density functional theory calculations. Complex 1 exhibited field-induced slow magnetic relaxation at 2 K due to the axial anisotropy of Mn III centers. Both the complexes show effective solvent-dependent catechol oxidation toward 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol in air. The catechol oxidation abilities are comparable from two complexes of different nuclearity and structure.

Four different carboxylato bridges have been efficiently utilized for growth of three tetranuclear nickel(II) complexes [Ni 4 (μ 3 -H 2 L) 2 (μ 3 -OH) 2 (μ 1,3 -CH 3 CO 2 ) 2 ](ClO 4 ) 2 (1), [Ni 4 (μ 3 -H 2 L) 2 (μ 3 -OH) 2 (μ 1,3 -C 2 H 5 CO 2 ) 2 ](ClO 4 ) 2 ·1/2H 2 O (2), and [Ni 4 (μ 3 -H 2 L) 2 (μ 3 -OH) 2 (μ 1,3 -O 2 C-C 6 H 4 -pNO 2 ) 2 ](ClO 4 )(p-NO 2 -C 6 H 4 -CO 2 )·DMF·5H 2 O (3) and one dinuclear nickel(II)-based chain complex {[Ni 2 (μ-H 2 L)(μ 1,3 -O 2 CCH 2 Ph) 2 (H 2 O)](ClO 4 )·1/2(CH 3 OH)} n (4). These were obtained via the reaction of Ni(ClO 4 ) 2 ·6H 2 O with H 3 L [2,6-bis((2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)-4-methylphenol] and RCO 2 Na (R = CH 3 ,C 2 H 5 , p-NO 2 C 6 H 4 , and PhCH 2 ). This family of complexes is developed from {Ni 2 (μ-H 2 L)} 3+ fragments following self-aggregation. The complexes were characterized by X-ray crystallography and magnetic measurements. The changes from acetate, propionate, and p-nitrobenzoate to phenylacetate groups resulted in two different types of coordination aggregation. These compounds are new examples of [Ni 4 ] and [Ni 2 ] n complexes where organization of the building motifs are guided by the type of the carboxylate groups responsible for in-situ generation and utilization of HO - bridges with alteration in the aggregation process within the same ligand environment. Studies on the magnetic behavior of the compounds reveal that the exchange coupling within 1-4 is predominantly antiferromagnetic in nature.

The present study examined the in vitro antioxidant activity of conjugated octadecatrienoic fatty acid (9cis, 11 trans, 13 trans-18:3), alpha-eleostearic acid present in karela seed oil (Momordica charantia) at about 55% level. The in vitro antioxidant properties of alpha-eleostearic acid are investigated on oxidative modification of human plasma, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and erythrocyte membrane lipid. Blood samples are collected from diabetic and non-diabetic (normal) healthy individuals. alpha-eleostearic acid is added at 0.05% and 0.1% concentrations to plasma, LDL and erythrocyte membrane isolated from the respective blood samples and peroxidations are determined against control samples. A significant increase of respective peroxidation levels has been observed in diabetic control blood than the non-diabetic control blood. alpha-eleostearic acid has decreased lipid peroxidation level against control samples in a dose dependent manner. The present findings suggest that CLnA, 9cis, 11trans, 13trans-18:3 is a potentially effective antioxidant that can protect plasma, low density lipoprotein and erythrocyte membrane from oxidation which may be effective in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease in diabetes mellitus.