Search

Liposomes belong to the class of drug delivery nanosystems and are widely used for the incorporation and delivery of lipophilic drug molecules. The present work deals with the physicochemical characterization of different liposomal nanocarriers, loaded with dimethoxycurcumin (DMC), an analog of curcumin with antioxidant and anticancer activity. The in vitro toxicity and intestinal permeability of drug-free liposomes were evaluated using a Caco-2/TC7 and HT29-MTX co-culture. The results revealed that all liposomal nanosystems were of size lower than 180 nm upon preparation, while their ζ-potential depended on the type of utilized biomaterials. The incorporation efficiency of DMC inside the nanocarriers was dependent on their composition and affected their properties. In addition, the systems did not induce cytotoxic effects on epithelial cells, as MTT assay indicated. Permeability studies of rhodamine-loaded nanoparticles demonstrated 2–2.5-fold intestinal permeability enhancement of the chromophore when using liposomes compared to the free molecule. Among these systems, the liposomes containing cationic lipids exhibited the highest percentage of transport across the epithelial monolayer. Conclusively, the composition and resultant properties of the liposomes are determinant for DMC incorporation and their in vitro toxicity and permeability. The herein developed nanosystems are promising for further application, due to their biocompatibility and permeability. © 2022

Background: Deficiencies of galactokinase (GALK) and UDP-epimerase (GALE) are implicated with galactose metabolic disorders. The aim of the study was the identification of mutations in GALK and GALE genes and clinical evaluation of patients. Methods: Five patients with GALK and five with GALE deficiency were picked up via the Neonatal Screening Program. Additionally, two females, 4 years old, were referred with late diagnosed galactosemia, as rare cases. Mutational analysis was conducted via Sanger sequencing, while in silico analysis tools were utilized for the novel mutation. Psychomotor and speech development tests were performed, as well. Results: The mutation p.Pro28Thr was identified in both alleles in GALK-deficient patients of Roma (gypsy) origin, whereas the novel p.Asn39Ser was detected in two non-Roma patients. In GALE-deficient patients benign and/or likely benign mutations were found. Psychomotor and speech delay were determined in the Roma GALK patients. In each of the late diagnosed females, four mutations were identified in all galactosemia-related genes. Conclusions: The mutational spectrums of GALE- and GALK-deficient patients in Greece are presented for the first time along with a clinical evaluation. Mutational analysis in all galactosemia-related genes of symptomatic patients is highly recommended for future cases. © 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.

A fully automated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of omeprazole in human plasma. Utilization of 96-well plates and robotic liquid handling workstations, rendered the whole procedure very fast, compared to the manual respective procedure of Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE). Sample analysis was performed by reversed phase LC–MS/MS, with positive electrospray ionization, using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The method required low plasma volumes and analysis of samples was completed in short run times. It was fully validated and applied to a pharmacokinetic study after per os administration of 20 mg tablet formulations of omeprazole. The obtained concentrations were used for the calculation of the basic omeprazole pharmacokinetic parameters. Some variations observed in pharmacokinetic parameters among subjects were attributed to differences of CYP2C19 genotype. Therefore, a novel molecular method was developed in which DNA analysis was conducted by using Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (Real Time-PCR). As source of biological material, Dried Blood Spots (DBS) were utilized, offering an alternative and advantageous strategy for such kind of studies. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.

Classical galactosaemia is an inborn error of metabolism due to the deficiency of the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT). The aim of the study was to identify the underlying mutations in Greek patients with GALT deficiency and evaluate their psychomotor and speech development. Patients with GALT deficiency (n = 17) were picked up through neonatal screening. Mutational analysis was conducted via Sanger sequencing, while in silico analysis was used in the cases of novel missense mutations. Psychomotor speech development tests were utilized for the clinical evaluation of the patients. Eleven different mutations in the GALT gene were detected in the patient cohort, including two novel ones. The most frequent mutation was p.Q188R (c.563 A > G). As for the novel mutations, p.M298I (c.894 G > A) was identified in four out of 32 independent alleles, while p.P115S (c.343 C > T) was identified once. Psychomotor evaluation revealed that most of the patients were found in the borderline area (Peabody test), while only two had speech delay problems. The WISK test revealed three patients at borderline limits and two were at lower than normal limits. The mutational spectrum of the GALT gene in Greek patients is presented for the first time. The mutation p.Q188R is the most frequent among Greek patients. Two novel mutations were identified and their potential pathogenicity was estimated. Regarding the phenotypic characteristics, psychomotor disturbances and speech delay were mainly observed among GALT-deficient patients. © 2017 Medisinsk Fysiologisk Forenings Forlag (MFFF).

Background: Hawkinsinuria is a rare inborn error of tyrosine metabolism. Objectives: To study novel hawkinsinuria cases by monitoring their biochemical profile and conducting a mutation analysis. Subjects and methods: Among 92,519 newborns that underwent expanded newborn screening, two unrelated cases with high tyrosine blood levels were further investigated by chromatographic techniques and via genetic testing for 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD) gene. Results: Elevated levels were monitored for blood/plasma tyrosine and for the specific diagnostic markers in urine. The two newborns were put on a special low tyrosine diet. Till completion of the 1st year of their life, liver function tests and brain MRI were normal. The mutation A33T was identified in both cases, while one neonate carried an additional novel mutation of HPD gene (V212M). Conclusions: Two mutations of HPD gene, A33T, which are associated with hawkinsinuria and a novel one (V212M) were detected for the 1st time in Greek newborns. © 2016 by De Gruyter.