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The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is an attractive process for next‐generation ammonia synthesis; therefore, identifying a suitable catalyst for this reaction is critical. In recent years, transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and their Janus structures have gained significant attention because of their outstanding catalytic properties. However, the synthesis of Janus TMDs remains challenging, and exposing their active sites is difficult when using a low‐dimensional structure to improve the catalytic activity. To date, relatively little research has been conducted in this area. Herein, emerging Janus WSeS/WSe2 heterostructure nanowalls are systematically explored. These nanowalls are used as a nitrogen fixation catalyst in electrolytes. The nanowalls demonstrate a significant NH3 yield rate and Faradaic efficiency of 13.97 µg h‐mgcat−1 and 35.24% at −0.3 V in 0.1 m HCl, as well as 15.96 µg h‐mgcat−1 and 40.2% in 0.1 M Na2SO4. This study presents an in‐depth analysis of the properties of Janus WSeS/WSe2 heterostructure nanowalls and a conceptual framework for linking TMD‐based catalysts and the NRR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neuromorphic and in‐memory computing using memristors are promising for the building of the next generation computing systems. However, the diffusion dynamics of metal ions/atoms inside the switching medium impose variability in conducting filament (CF) formation, thus limiting their use in von‐Neumann architecture. The precise modulation on the diffusion of metal ions/atoms and their reduction/oxidation probability holds promise to overcome the speed, size, and energy issues of present‐day computers. Here, this study shows that the diffusion of metal ions can be modulated by defects inside the switching medium and confines metal filaments in a precise 1D channel. This filament confinement by the defect engineering leads to an anomalous switching mechanism with two interchangeable modes: unipolar threshold and bipolar modes. The variation between two modes can be modulated by controlling defects in the structures, leading to a uniform switching with low SET/RESET voltage variations of 17.3% and −17.6%, respectively. Moreover, the convolutional neural network is implemented to emulate synaptic plasticity and image recognition to achieve recognition accuracy of 87% due to a highly linear weight update, demonstrating its potential for in‐memory computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is one of the commonest potentially malignant disorders in India. Hypolipidemia can be considered as one of the biochemical markers in early detection of cancer. This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of serum lipids as tumor markers in the diagnosis of oral precancerous lesions and oral cancer. Aim: To evaluate the alterations in lipid profile in OSMF, OSCC patients and to compare the levels with respect to the clinical staging and histological grading of OSMF. Methods and Materials:70 patients of OSMF and 60 patients of OSCC diagnosed clinically and histopathologically were included as the study subjects. A group of 70 age and sex matched normal subjects were taken as controls. The serum lipid profile consisting of TC, TGs, HDL, VLDL and LDL were calculated using Roche Cobas III autoanalyzer. Statistical analysis used: one-way ANOVA and Scheffe post hoc was applied. Results: The serum lipid level was statistically significantly lowered in patients with oral cancer and OSMF when compared with normal control group. All the lipid profile parameters such as TC, TG, HDL, VLDL and LDL progressively reduced as clinical stage progresses and the histological grade advanced. Conclusion: There is an inverse relationship between serum lipid profile in oral cancer as well as in OSMF. The lower serum lipid status may be considered as a useful biochemical marker for early detection of cancer. The decreased serum lipid profile may be considered as a useful indicator for initial changes occurring in the cells of potentially malignant disorders like OSMF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a cutaneous lesion caused by a DNA virus from the poxvirus family. Worldwide in distribution, MC is most frequently encountered as an easily treated disease of childhood and has rarely been a cause of serious morbidity. With the advent of new populations of immunocompromised individuals, especially those infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), MC has emerged as a difficult clinical challenge and the focus of renewed interest for dental professionals. This article presents four cases of HIV positive patients afflicted by MC along with a review of the literature on this dermatopathological lesion.

BACKGROUND: The management of oral mucosal disease necessitates establishing the correct diagnosis from a range of presenting lesions. Practitioners have to possess adequate knowledge about the likely differential diagnosis. Many studies suggest that general practitioners (dentists) fail to detect oral mucosal lesions (OMLs), especially oral precancerous lesion as well as early oral cancer because of their indifferent attitude and knowledge about these lesions.[1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[6],[7],[8],[9] Few studies have investigated the knowledge and opinions of general dental practitioners and specialists other than oral surgeon and medics about OML including oral cancer, as these personnel come across such lesions more frequently as often in their outpatient department and thereby know the planned management of these lesions. METHOD: The present study aims to identify, compare, and analyze the knowledge and opinions of dentist regarding OML and evaluate the differences between the attitudes of dentist by practice settings in Pune city, by using questionnaire method.[2] RESULT: most of the dentist found difficulty in diagnosing oral mucosal lesions which are the manifestations of systemic diseases. CONCLUSION: Here we concluded that most of the dentist found difficulty in diagnosing the oral mucosal lesion. Professional dental education programs and courses can help them to enhance their knowledge, skill and ability in diagnosing the various oral mucosal lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]