Search

Supercapacitors (SCs) are attracting a significant amount of interest as energy storage devices owing to their higher specific power, rapid charging–discharging rate, and prolonged cyclic stability. Carbon-based materials are used frequently in SCs because of their excellent electric conductivity, stable chemical properties, and low cost. Electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have attracted much interest as they perform well electrochemically, have a large surface area, and show substantial mechanical characteristics; as well as having a high carbon yield among all polymer PAN. In this paper, an extensive review of the synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical performance of electrospun PAN CNFs is presented. An overview of the electrospinning procedure and properties of PAN CNFs that make them suitable for SC applications is presented. Various characterization methods, including transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and surface area analysis, have been carried out to evaluate the morphological, structural, and surface properties of PAN CNFs. The review also highlights the recent advances in modification and functionalization to enhance their electrochemical performance, including doping, surface functionalization, and hybridization. Galvanostatic charge–discharge experiments, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy have been employed for electrochemical characterization. Finally, a comparative study between various carbon-based and electrospun PAN CNF electrode materials for SCs has been conducted. The review is concluded by discussing the challenges, opportunities, and possible future trends in the development of high-performance electrode material. This comprehensive review provides valuable insightful information on the design and optimization of electrospun PAN CNF electrode materials for SC applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercapacitors (SCs) have fascinating potential for the energy storage systems of the future due to their exceptional power delivery and quick charge and discharge capabilities. However, its energy density continues to be a barrier to its general use. This study investigates the electrochemical properties of electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber (NF) composites embedded with cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH)2) nanoparticles (NPs) for SC electrodes. The synthesis of CNFs involves electrospinning PAN solutions loaded with Co(OH)2 precursors, followed by heat treatment to enhance structural integrity and electrochemical performance. The crystallographic and morphological study of the composite fibres was conducted through different characterization methods. The electrochemical performance of Co3O4/PAN CNFs-based composite electrodes is evaluated through CV, GCD, and EIS measurements, revealing their suitability for SC applications. The findings reveal that the synergistic effects of Co3O4 NPs within the PAN NFs contribute to enhanced specific capacitance, cyclic stability, and rate capability, thus offering significant prospects for the development of high-performance SCs. The Co3O4/PAN CNFs//AC device is constructed using PVA/KOH gel electrolyte, which demonstrated an energy density of 11.19 Whkg−1 at a power density of 1000 Wkg−1. The device exhibits 69% capacitance retention over 3000 cycles at 100 mVs−1, indicating strong cycling stability and electrochemical reversibility, which are crucial for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent trends in nanotechnology have led to an improvement in the manufacturing quality of smaller mechanical, electronics, and optical products and devices; all the attention is focused on producing compact, portable, and lightweight equipment and devices to reduce the overall energy consumption. Nanofibers are increasingly being used in a variety of applications. As a result, the researcher focuses on the development of nanofibers. They can be produced by various techniques, but the electrospinning method is the most commonly used in the industry. Polymer solutions can be used to create fibers with diameters, which has a high rate of production and requires a relatively low cost. In this work, an effort is made to produce nanofibers of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) insolvent dimethyl formamide (DMF) that have a minimum diameter. Four important controllable parameters are considered, which can affect the electrospinning process and resultant PAN nanofibers: flow rate, applied voltage, concentration, and distance between the collectors drum and syringe tip. The Taguchi design approach has been used to find the optimized electrospinning parameters that result in the minimum PAN nanofiber diameter. The diameter and surface morphology of PAN nanofibers were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results were used to find the variance (ANOVA) analysis, which explains the significance of the parameters on the diameter of PAN nanofiber and predicts that flow rate is the most dominating parameter for PAN nanofiber diameter. The optimized set of produces minimum fiber diameter of 58.467 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Demonstration of low-cost organic (cellulose fiber) non-volatile memory device. • Excellent endurance for 6 × 103 resistive switching cycles with 10 x memory window. • Data retention is extended for the 3 × 102 seconds without any degradation. • Resistive switching is due to the formation and breaking of Ag filament. Abstract The present manuscript reports the development of Ag/cellulose fibers/Al memory device using the electrospinning technique. The morphological characterization suggested that the active layer is composed of micro-fibers. The developed device shows fingerprint pinched hysteresis loop of the memristive device in I–V plane without any additional electroforming step. An excellent endurance for 6 × 103 resistive switching cycles with 10 x memory window is achieved. Furthermore, the data retention capability of the developed device is extended for the 3 × 102 seconds without any observable degradation in the resistance states. The statistical results suggested that the high resistance state loosely distributed whereas tight distribution is observed for low resistance state. The electrical characterization results suggested that the formation and breaking of Ag conductive filament in the active cellulose fiber layer are responsible for the bipolar resistive switching effect. Our results suggested that the cellulose fibers based memristive device is a potential candidate for the organic non-volatile memory application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]