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This research proposes a structural retrofit of a reinforced concrete building older than 50 years. The structural system is dual using frames and walls, having an area of 1980 m2 and 4 levels with a total height of 15.50 m. There are three unconventional methods to retrofit this infrastructure. The first is to install steel jackets with bolt anchors. The second methodology is through the use of jackets and anchors of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP). The third alternative is through reinforcement of walls with 2 diagonal struts made with CFRP sheets as struts, also installing CFRP anchors at each end of both struts to ensure that these sheets work up to their high levels of tension. These anchors together with the diagonal plates contribute to give ductility to the wall and in turn resist the effects of sliding at the base, a fault that is very common in rigid structures such as walls. Each unconventional reinforcement methodology used in this research is validated using laboratory tests results of reinforced columns and walls retrofitted with every of the three innovative methods. Nonlinear static analysis - Pushover of each alternative was performed and compared with the demand for the 1974 earthquake in Lima, scaling 3 seismic records to a PGA of 0.45g, which is the acceleration of design in Lima. It is shown that these proposals are effective in providing levels of shear base and displacement capacity in the inelastic design. For the 0.40mx0.80m columns, the results show that both reinforcements increase ductility by more than 10%; on the other hand, the proposal of reinforcement in the walls of 40cm thick, produced even better results increasing ductility by 100% and shear base by 100%.

International audience

International audience

Introducción: El estudio se orientó a buscar trombofílias en pacientes jóvenes con infarto del miocardio tanto genéticas, como las de las proteínas anticoagulantes. Material y Métodos: Las pruebas de laboratorio que se usaron para la medición del fibrinógeno fue el método de Clauss, para la proteína C y Antitrombina III (ATIII) se utilizó un método cromogénico, para la S un método coagulométrico y las pruebas genéticas por Reacción de Cadena Polimerasa (PCR). Se seleccionaron 51 pacientes jóvenes menores de 45 años con infarto agudo del miocardio y 43 pacientes sanos de grupo control de las mismas edades. Resultados: Se encontró un 85% de pacientes masculinos y 15% femeninos. Las variables que fueron factores de riesgo estadísticamente significativas fueron el sexo P = 0.0023 demostrando que por cada 4.19 hombres que sufren infarto existe una mujer. El índice de masa corporal fue significativamente mayor en los pacientes infartados con un valor de P = 0.002733 y existió asociación estadísticamente significativa con obstrucciones coronarias. La hipertensión también fue estadísticamente significativa valor de P = 0.00167. Para el nivel de colesterol total la media en los pacientes sanos fue de 166mg/dl contra 213mg/dl en los pacientes con infarto con un valor de P =0.000527mg/dl. Para el HDL colesterol el 78% de los pacientes infartados tenían niveles iguales o menores de 35mg/dl y existió asociación estadísticamente significativa con la presencia de obstrucciones coronarias. El nivel de triglicéridos mostró una asociación estadísticamente significativa con un valor de P = 0.000161 mg/dl. El 58 % de los pacientes infartados tenían un nivel elevado de LDL colesterol. En el análisis de las proteínas anticoagulantes la población enferma tuvo niveles significativamente menores que el grupo control tanto para la proteína S y la C. En el análisis de los cruces hay una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la frecuencia alélica de la mutación de la enzima metiltetrahidrofolato reductasa y tener niveles menores de las proteínas C y S tanto en los pacientes enfermos como en los sanos que son homocigotas a la mutación. No hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa para el factor V Leyden y la variable 20210 de Protrombina. Conclusión: En los pacientes menores de 45 años con Infarto del Miocardio existen claros marcadores de riesgo para enfermedad coronaria al compararlos con sujetos sanos de una edad similar. lntroduction: The study was orientated towards finding thrombophylia in young patients with genetic myocardium infarct as with anticoagulant proteins. Material and Methods: The lab Test used for the fibrinogen was the Clauss Method, for the C protein and ATIII a chromogenic method was used, for the S protein a coagulometrical method and for the genetic testing, PCR. Fifty one young patients were chosen (under 45 years of age) with acute myocardium infarct and 43 healthy patients in the control group in the same age range. Results: An 85% of the patients were male and 15% female. The variable that was a statistically significant risk factor was the gender (P= 0.0023) showing that for every 4.19 men that suffer an infarct there is one woman. The body mass index was substantially higher with infarcted patients (P=0.002733) which had a statistical significant association with coronary obstructions. Hypertension was also statistically significant (P = 0.00167). Mean value for total cholesterol was 166mg/dl in healthy patients versus 213mg/dl with infarcted patients (P = 0.000527mg/dl). A 78% of patients with infarct had HDL cholesterol levels of 35mg/dl or lower and showed a statistically significant association with coronary obstructions. Triglycerides levels also showed a statistically significant association (P= 0.0001 61 mg/dl). A 58% of patients with infarct showed high levels of LDL cholesterol. The analysis of anticoagulant proteins in the sick group resulted in lower levels of S and C versus the control group. Analyzing the crosses, there is a statistically significant association between the allelic frequencies in the mutation of the MTHFR enzyme and having normal levels of C and S protein in the healthy as well as in the control group. There was no statistical significant association in the for the Leyden V factor and the 20210 prothrombin factor variable.

Mucopolysaccharidosis I is a metabolic disease of autosomal recessive inheritance caused by deficient activity of alpha-L-iduronidase. The clinical phenotype presents a wide spectrum of signs in the first year of life. We report a child with clinical features and laboratory data consistent with mucopolysaccharidosis I who precociously developed hydrocephalus and flexion spasms with hypsarrythmia in the electroencephalographic registration characteristic of West's syndrome. His radiologic and biochemical data suggested vitamin D-dependent rickets. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient demonstrating an association among mucopolysaccharidosis 1, West's syndrome, and vitamin D-dependent rickets.

This paper presents a pyrolysis biorefinery concept in which energy and bio-based products are generated from the pyrolysis of forest residues. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out with woody biomass using an auger reactor to better understand the impact of the pyrolysis operational parameters on the properties of the co-products. The response surface methodology (RSM) approach was used to set an experimental design, aiming at optimizing pyrolysis parameters (temperature, solid residence time and nitrogen flowrate) to produce high yield of bio-oil with the lowest water content possible. Further pyrolysis tests were carried out to study the fractional condensation of bio-oil into two phases: a heavy phase with a high-energycontent (bio-crude oil) and a light phase containing phenol compounds and acetic acid, called wood vinegar. The fungicide potential of the wood vinegar was evaluated in laboratory. Based on the experimental results, a biorefinery scenario was established towards a future endeavor of modelling the role of pyrolysis within the French bioeconomy. The starting point is 1000 kg dry matter (DM) of soft wood forest residues, which are harvested, chipped, stored, grinded, dried and pyrolysed. In this scenario, the bio-crude oil and non-condensed syngas are used to substitute heat,wood vinegar is used as a bio-fungicide, and biochar is used as a soil amendment. This work will allow studying the environmental consequences of this concept through a life cycle assessment., Proceedings of the 27th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 27-30 May 2019, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 1234-1240