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Using observations from the Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER) datasets, the effect of radiative forcing on the development of the stable boundary layer (SBL) and diurnal temperature range (DTR) during summer over the central Heihe River Basin is investigated in this paper. Using a radiative temperature scale based on net longwave radiation (LWnet24), the DTR and the strength of SBL (δTS) are scaled, and the cycle and the year‐to‐year variability before and after scaling are analyzed. The results show that both DTR from air and surface temperatures have a significant correlation with LWnet24, and their correlation coefficients are different over different underlying surfaces. The cycle of DTR from 5‐m air temperature is similar with that of LWnet24. There is only a diurnal cycle in terms of 5‐m air temperature after scaling. Both the trends of the scaled DTR (DTRsc) and the scaled strength of SBL (δTSsc) increase with the growth time of the stable boundary layer (SBL) (τS). The period of τS is similar with that of DTRsc. τS is longer at the oasis site than at the Gobi site, which is related to the oasis effect. In addition, the greater the friction velocity, the smaller the DTRsc and δTSsc. The wind shear enables heat to disperse during SBL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation training on pulmonary function and exercise tolerance in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)., Methods: By a random number table method, 90 patients with COPD admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were divided into three groups: the control group (conventional treatment), the observation group A (conventional treatment + pulmonary rehabilitation training three times a week) and the observation group B (conventional treatment + pulmonary rehabilitation training five times a week), with 30 patients in each group. The pulmonary function, exercise tolerance (the 6-min walking distance (6MWD)), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)) and quality of life (generic quality of life inventory-74 (GQOLI-74)) before and after intervention were compared among the three groups. Also, the satisfaction rate was recorded in all groups., Results: After 6 months of intervention, the FEV 1 %, FVC% and FEV 1 /FVC as well as the GQOLI-74 scores increased significantly, while the PSQI scores decreased markedly in all groups as compared to those before intervention; the index levels and GQOLI-74 scores were significantly higher, and PSQI scores were markedly lower in the observation group B than in the other two groups (all P<0.05). After 3 and 6 months of intervention, the 6MWDs of the three groups were significantly increased compared with those before intervention, and the 6MWD was significantly longer in the observation group B than in the other two groups (P<0.05). Moreover, the satisfaction rate was significantly higher in observation group B than in the other two groups (P<0.05)., Conclusion: For patients with stable COPD, pulmonary rehabilitation training based on drug therapy can improve the pulmonary function, exercise tolerance, sleep quality and quality of life more effectively than drug treatment alone. What's more, the therapeutic effect of training five times a week is significantly better than that of training three times a week., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2021.)

In decades, the efficiency of glioma therapy is far from satisfaction due to the inability of most therapeutics to accumulate at the glioblastoma (GBM) site. Therefore, it is urgent to develop novel tumor-targeted delivery systems for more optimized and effective glioma treatment. In this study, hyaluronic acid modified MPEG-PDLLA polymer (HAML) nanoparticles were used to encapsulate the cabazitaxel (Cab), creating Cab loaded HAML nanoparticles (Cab/HAML NPs) for glioma therapy both in vitro and in vivo. MTT assay and apoptotic study indicated Cab/HAML NPs induced a significant cell growth inhibition and more apoptosis of C6 cells than free Cab in vitro. In vivo study showed that Cab/HAML NPs could significantly improve chemotherapeutic effect to C6 tumor-bearing rats compared with free Cab. The median survival rate of Cab/HAML NPs-treated groups (30 days) was remarkably longer than the other groups treated with control (20 days), free Cab (19 days) and Cab/ML NPs (26 days). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Cab/HAML NPs improved Cab's anti-tumor effect via improvement of tumor cell apoptosis, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and a significant decrease in tumor angiogenesis. Together, our study suggested that Cab/HAML NPs might show promise for application to glioma therapy.