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Using a range of Detection and Attribution Model Intercomparison Project (DAMIP) simulations from phase 6 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), we study the response of dynamic sea level (DSL) to external anthropogenic climate forcing [greenhouse gases (GHGs), aerosols, and stratospheric ozone] with a focus on the differences over the twentieth and twenty-first century. In the second half of the twentieth century, the DSL nonuniformity in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) was relatively small due to a cancellation between the effects of increasing GHGs and aerosols. In contrast, the DSL signal in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) over this period was large because stratospheric ozone depletion reinforced the effects of increasing GHGs. In the twenty-first century, the DSL response has been intensified in the NH because the warming effects of diminishing aerosols have acted to reinforce the effects of increasing GHGs. Meanwhile, the distribution of SH DSL has also become uneven although stratospheric ozone recovery has partially offset the effects of rising GHGs. Using a global ocean circulation model, we decompose the changes in the twenty-first century DSL into distinct responses to surface forcings including sea surface temperature, salinity, and wind stress. Our results show that the dipole-like pattern of DSL in the North Pacific can be attributed largely to sea surface warming, while the dipole-like pattern in the North Atlantic is attributed to subpolar surface salinity freshening. The belted pattern of DSL changes in the Southern Ocean is induced by both surface warming and intensifying/poleward-shifting westerly winds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of emergency decision-making with incomplete information and deal with the accident information in different time series at the scenes of major accidents, this paper proposes a method of sequential decision-making by utilizing the relevant knowledge of D-S evidence theory and game theory. Firstly, we took an oil tank fire accident as an example and sorted out historical cases and expert experiences to establish a logical relationship between key accident scenes and accident scene symptoms in the accident. Meanwhile, we applied the logistic regression analysis method to obtain the basic probability distribution of each key accident scene in the oil tank fire, and on this basis, we constructed an evidence set of the fire. Secondly, based on the D-S evidence theory, we effectively quantified the knowledge uncertainty and evidence uncertainty, with the incomplete and insufficient information taken as an evidence system of the development of key accident scenes to construct a situation prediction model of these accident scenes. Thirdly, based on the game theory, we viewed emergency decision-makers and major accidents as two sides of the game to compare and analyze accident states at different time points and solve the contradiction between loss costs of decision-making and information collection costs. Therefore, this paper has provided a solution for the optimization of accident schemes at different time stages, thus realizing the sequential decision-making at the scenes of major accidents. Furthermore, we combined the situation prediction model with sequential decision-making, with the basic steps described below: (1) We drew up an initial action plan in the case of an extreme lack of information; then, we (2) started to address the accident and constructed a framework of accident identification, (3) collected and dealt with the continuously added evidence information with the evolution of the accident, (4) calculated the confidence levels of key accident scenarios after evaluating different evidence and then predicted the accident state in the next stage, and (5) calculated the profit–loss ratio between the current decision-making scheme and the decision-making scheme of the next stage. Finally, we (6) repeated steps (3) to (5) until the accident completely vanished. We verified the feasibility of the proposed method with the explosion accident of the Zhangzhou P.X. project in Fujian on 6 April used as an example. Based on the D-S evidence theory, this method employs approximate reasoning on the incomplete and insufficient information obtained at the scenes of major accidents, thus realizing the situation prediction of key scenes of these accidents. Additionally, this method uses the game theory to solve the contradiction between decision-making loss costs and information collection costs, thus optimizing the decision-making schemes at different time stages of major accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infrared images are full of energy information, which can intuitively reflect the difference between objects and scenes. Visible images are full of color information, which can intuitively reflect the details of objects and scenes. To achieve the comprehensive utilization of infrared energy information when transforming infrared images to visible images, this paper proposes a method called infrared-energy-to-color (IETC) based on Cycle-Consistent Generative Adversarial Networks (CycleGAN). We compare some state-of-the-art methods in image transformation; the results show that the proposed model can generate visible images of ocean objects and scenes in the visual expression. Furthermore, in the quantitative evaluation, the proposed method performs better than others. In addition, the classic object detection algorithms also show that the proposed IETC method can achieve more robust results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, deep learning has become very popular and its application fields have been increasing, but it relies heavily on large number of labeled data. Therefore, it is necessary to find a few-shot learning method which can obtain a good training model using few samples. In this paper, a few-shot classification method based on MSFR is introduced for the ships classification task for the first time. In addition, we made a dataset of ships for the few-shot classification task, which we called FSCD. FSCD contains nine categories and 1500 samples. We used two methods of measuring learning called ProtoNet and MSFR, and a non-measuring method MAML for comparison. A large number of experiments have been implemented to prove that the performance of our proposed MSFR method on the ship dataset can reach 61% in 1-shot and 77.5% in 5-shot, which is better than the MAML and ProtoNet. In addition, we explore the effects of different network depths and different epochs on network performance in the ship dataset. As a few-shot ship classification study, this work opens up a new way of thinking and lays the foundation for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Advancing the endotracheal tube (ETT) over a flexible bronchoscope (FB) during awake fiber-optic intubation (AFOI) is often impeded. Various maneuvers and tracheal tubes designed to overcome this obstruction may also be unsuccessful or costly. Objective: The current study aimed to assess how the novel double configuration ETT affected AFOI success rates on the first attempt. Methods: A randomized controlled experiment including 40 individuals receiving awake fiber-optic orotracheal intubation was performed in a 1:1 ratio with a single ETT railroaded with its bevel posteriorly (ST) or railroading with a double setup ETT (DT) over a flexible videoscope (FVS) for tracheal intubation. The number of intubation attempts, time spent intubating, and adverse events were examined and compared between the two groups. Results: Twenty patients received a single ETT railroaded with the bevel posteriorly, and 20 patients received railroading with the double setup ETT during AFOI. Intubation on the first attempt was significantly greater in the DT group (90%) than in the ST group (35%). The intubation time was considerably shorter for the DT group (12.8 [7.8–16.9] s) when compared with the ST group (27.9 [16.3–91.0] s). Five patients were intubated by the alternative technique after failure to intubate for several attempts, and 3 cases were found to have a crease in the FVS after intubation in group ST. During topical anesthetic, three individuals in each group experienced transient oxygen desaturation. Conclusions: Our study discovered that the novel double setup tube could significantly improve the intubation success rate on the first attempt during AFOI for patients with challenging airway when a strategy based on a reduced gap between ETT and FB could not be applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spray-as-you-go (SAYGo) airway topical anesthesia and nerve block are common techniques used during awake tracheal intubation. However, their effects have not been described during double-lumen tube intubation. We report on a prospective randomized study that aimed to compare the intubation effects of SAYGo and nerve block patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Methods: Sixty-six American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II patients were scheduled to undergo double-lumen tube (DLT) tracheal intubation for thoracic surgery. The patients were randomly assigned into control (Group C), ultrasound (Group U), and flexible intubation scope (Group F) groups with 22 cases in each group. Patients in Group C were induced with a standard anesthetic regimen. Patients in Groups U and F were treated with superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) block combined with transtracheal injection (TTI) and given a SAYGo airway topical anesthesia before intubation. Hemodynamic variables during intubation process were recorded as the primary outcome. Additional patient data were recorded including the occurrence of adverse events, the level of hoarseness, the occurrence of sore throats, memory function and the level of patient satisfaction with anesthesia. Results: The blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) of patients in group C was significantly increased 1 min after tracheal intubation (P < 0.05) compared to before anesthesia. The BP and HR of patients in Groups U and F remained stable. 10 cases of hypertension were observed in Group C, 6 cases in Group U and 1 case in Group F. In Group C, tachycardia was observed in 9 patients along with 9 cases in Group U and 4 cases in Group F. In Group U, 4 patients experienced puncture and bleeding were and 8 patients had a poor memory of TTI. No significant differences were found in the incidence of hoarseness, sore throats, and satisfaction with anesthesia in postoperative follow-up. Conclusions: SAYGo airway topical anesthesia and SLN block combined with the TTI technique can inhibit the cardiovascular response during DLT tracheal intubation. The SAYGo technique has fewer complications and more advantages compared to other approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unsupervised domain adaptive (UDA) is a widely used approach in machine learning strategies that helps move information from a source domain with rich supervised data to a target domain with limited supervised data. In recent years, self-training derived from semi-supervised learning provides a powerful tool for unsupervised domain adaptive by training unlabeled target domain data using pseudo-tags. However, in the case of domain shift, the pseudo-labels generated by standard self-training are no longer reliable due to the influence of the class-distribution shift in a specific domain, resulting in the noise of the pseudo-label error blocking the upper bound of the accuracy. To solve these problems, a domain adaptive method based on regularization joint self-training (RJS) is proposed in this paper. RJS consists of two key steps: First, the generation and optimization of pseudo-tags are trained jointly on the source domain to achieve automatic cross-domain generalization of pseudo-tags. Secondly, the regularization method is introduced as a confidence rule for false labels in initial model training, which implicitly prevents the model from remembering false labels. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments were performed on VisDA-2017, Office-31, Office-Home, and DomainNet datasets, and the accuracy rates reached 87.1%, 89.3%, 76.9%, and 57.3%, respectively. In addition, the average classification performance of RJS on VisDA-2017 improved by about 12.6% compared to FixMatch, the standard self-training method. Experimental results demonstrate that RJS achieves state-of-the-art performance on multiple standard UDA benchmarks and confirm its effectiveness in the presence of domain-specific class distribution shifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore the changes in Southern Ocean upwelling patterns during the last glacial maximum (LGM) and early deglaciation using a fully coupled climate model with ocean eddies parameterized via the Gent‐McWilliams scheme. Relative to the preindustrial climate, the model simulates an equatorward shift of the upwelling of the residual circulation in the Southern Ocean during the LGM, which is consistent with paleo‐evidence of export production. This change in upwelling primarily arose from an altered eddy‐induced meridional overturning circulation (MOC) that resulted from the expanded sea ice and enhanced buoyancy loss around Antarctica during the LGM, which modulated the slope of buoyancy surface in the Southern Ocean. We have also found that there was a poleward shift of the upwelling of the residual circulation in the Southern Ocean during the early deglaciation, which was different than the change in the wind‐driven upwelling and primarily driven by variations in the eddy‐induced MOC. Plain Language Summary: Upwelling in the Southern Ocean exerts a huge influence on the climate and oceanic ecosystem. This upwelling is set up by a balance between the surface westerly winds, surface buoyancy forcing, and eddy activity. However, the role of eddy activity in the Southern Ocean upwelling patterns during the last glacial maximum (LGM) and last deglaciation remains unclear. In this study, we explore the changes in Southern Ocean upwelling during the LGM and early deglaciation using a fully coupled climate model. The model simulates an equatorward shift of the upwelling of the residual circulation in the Southern Ocean during the LGM relative to preindustrial climate, which is consistent with changes in upwelling inferred from paleo‐evidence. A poleward shift of the upwelling of the residual circulation in the Southern Ocean was also found to occur during the early deglaciation. The change in the residual upwelling cannot be explained by the changes in wind‐driven upwelling but was mainly driven by variations in the eddy‐induced vertical velocity field. Key Points: A climate model simulates an equatorward shift in the Southern Ocean upwelling at last glacial maximum relative to preindustrial climateThe coupled model also simulates a poleward shift in the Southern Ocean upwelling during the early deglaciationThe change in upwelling primarily arose from an altered vertical velocity field that was eddy‐induced rather than wind‐driven [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kuroshio and Gulf Stream, the subtropical western boundary currents of the North Pacific and North Atlantic, play important roles in meridional heat transport and ocean–atmosphere interaction processes. Using a multimodel ensemble of future projections, we show that a warmer climate intensifies the upper-layer Kuroshio, in contrast to the previously documented slowdown of the Gulf Stream. Our ocean general circulation model experiments show that the sea surface warming, not the wind change, is the dominant forcing that causes the upper-layer Kuroshio to intensify in a warming climate. Forced by the sea surface warming, ocean subduction and advection processes result in a stronger warming to the east of the Kuroshio than to the west, which increases the isopycnal slope across the Kuroshio, and hence intensifies the Kuroshio. In the North Atlantic, the Gulf Stream slows down as part of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) response to surface salinity decrease in the high latitudes under global warming. The distinct responses of the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio to climate warming are accompanied by different regional patterns of sea level rise. While the sea level rise accelerates along the northeastern U.S. coast as the AMOC weakens, it remains close to the global mean rate along the East Asian coast as the intensifying Kuroshio is associated with the enhanced sea level rise offshore in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, two novel zwitterionic polymer hydrogels (Gel-P4VP-psl (d), Gel-P4VP-bpa (d)) and cationic polymer hydrogels (Gel-P4VP-eb (f)) were prepared for the first time. The differences of functionality between cationic polymer hydrogels and zwitterionic polymer hydrogels were studied fully. The results showed that when the molar quantity ratio of cross-linker/pyridinium unit in Gel-P4VP-psl (d) and Gel-P4VP-bpa (d) was about 0.25:1, they would have proper mechanical property, excellent antibacterial ability and antifouling ability. Correspondingly, the charge quantity ratios of negative charges/positive charges in Gel-P4VP-psl (d) and Gel-P4VP-bpa (d) could be calculated to be 1:2 theoretically. Although Gel-P4VP-eb (f) with only positive charges had strongly antibacterial ability, being lack of negative charges in cationic polymer hydrogels made its antifouling ability disappear completely. Gel-P4VP-psl (d) and Gel-P4VP-bpa (d) have potential in the application of antibacterial and antifouling materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate models show that the largest uncertainties in the 21st century dynamic sea level (DSL) projections are in the high latitudes of the North Atlantic and Southern Oceans. We conduct an intermodel singular value decomposition analysis and find that the DSL uncertainties in these two oceans are both intrinsically connected to the uncertainty in the change of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). We further conduct a freshwater hosing experiment to show that the AMOC decline not only accounts for the dipole pattern in the DSL change in the North Atlantic but also remotely induces a poleward shift in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies that helps build a belted pattern of DSL change in the Southern Ocean. Our results suggest that reducing the intermodel spread in the change of the AMOC can greatly improve the consistency of DSL projection among models not only in individual basins but over the global ocean. Plain Language Summary: State‐of‐art climate models project distinct patterns of regional sea level change. Most of these patterns arise from a dynamic change in the ocean, which has been named the dynamic sea level (DSL) change. However, climate models project different regional DSL changes in the 21st century, especially those in the North Atlantic and Southern Oceans. Any connection between intermodel uncertainties in the DSL projections in different basins has largely been ignored. We argue here that the change in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is a key factor that controls the intermodel uncertainty of regional DSL projections on a global scale. A weakening AMOC alters the DSL pattern in the North Atlantic and concurrently remotely affects the DSL over the Southern Ocean. In particular, we find that a decline in the AMOC could cause a poleward shift of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds and thereby lead to a zonal belt‐like change of the DSL in the Southern Ocean. These results imply that improving the intermodel consistency of the projected changes in the AMOC will greatly improve the reliability of future sea level projections on a global scale. Key Points: The intermodel uncertainties in regional dynamic sea level (DSL) projections are large over both the North Atlantic and Southern OceansThe Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is the key to understanding these uncertainties on a global scaleAn AMOC decline can remotely cause a poleward shift of Southern Hemisphere westerlies and thus control the DSL over the Southern Ocean [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon (111) wafer was modified by triethoxyvinylsilane containing double bond as an intermedium, and then P4VP (polymer 4-vinyl pyridine) brush was “grafted” onto the surface of silicon wafer containing reactive double bonds by adopting the “grafting from” way and Si-P4VP substrate (silicon wafer grafted by P4VP) was obtained. Finally, P4VP brush of Si-P4VP substrate was modified by 1,3-propanesulfonate fully to obtain P4VP-psl brush (zwitterionic polypyridinium salt) and the functional Si-P4VP-psl substrate (silicon wafer grafted by zwitterionic polypyridinium salt based on polymer 4-vinyl pyridine) was obtained successfully. The antifouling property of the silicon wafer, the Si-P4VP substrate and the Si-P4VP-psl substrate was investigated by using bovine serum albumin, mononuclear macrophages (RAW 264.7) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATTC25922 as model bacterium. The results showed that compared with the blank sample-silicon wafer, the Si-P4VP-psl substrate had excellent anti-adhesion ability against bovine serum albumin, cells and bacterium, due to zwitterionic P4VP-psl brush (polymer 4-vinyl pyridine salt) having special functionality like antifouling ability on biomaterial field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano-sized silica particles (SiO NPs) of 30 ± 5 nm were modified by the coupling agent of triethoxyvinylsilane and polymer 4-vinyl pyridine (P4VP) was 'grafted' onto the surface of modified SiO NPs by adopting the 'grafting from' way. Then, the P4VP brush of SiO NPs was quaternized by ethyl bromoacetate, iodoethane, 3-bromopropionic acid and 1,3-propanesulfonate to obtain four water-insoluble, functional and novel organic-inorganic silica nanocomposites (SiO/P4VP-eb, SiO/P4VP-ie, SiO/P4VP-bpa and SiO/P4VP-psl), respectively. The antibacterial performance of four functional silica nanocomposites above was investigated by using Escherichia coli ATTC25922 as model bacterium via the colony count method. When the sterilizing ratios of SiO/P4VP-psl, SiO/P4VP-bpa, SiO/P4VP-eb and SiO/P4VP-ie against E. coli with bacterium age of 4 h (OD600 nm = 2.5) reached 100%, the critical concentration value was 3, 5, 12 and 11 mg/mL, respectively. The results showed that although four functional silica nanocomposites all possessed excellent antibacterial ability, zwitterionic silica nanocomposites (SiO/P4VP-psl, SiO/P4VP-bpa) possessed stronger antibacterial ability than cationic silica nanocomposites (SiO/P4VP-eb, SiO/P4VP-ie). Graphical Abstract: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To maximize the utilization of the available networks-on-chip (NoCs) link bandwidth, partially faulty links with low fault level should be utilized while heavily defected (HD) links should be deactivated and dealt with by means of a fault tolerant routing algorithm. To reach this target, we make the following contributions in this paper: 1) we propose a flit serialization (FS) method to efficiently utilize partially faulty links. The FS approach divides the links into a number of equal width sections, and serializes sections of adjacent flits to transmit them on all fault-free link sections to mitigate the unbalance between the flit size and the actual link bandwidth; 2) we propose the link augmentation with one redundant section as a low cost mechanism to mitigate the FS drawback that a link’s available bandwidth is reduced even if it contains only one faulty wire; and 3) we deactivate HD links when their fault level exceed a certain threshold to diminish congestion caused by HD links. The optimal threshold is derived by comparing the zero load packet transmission latency on the HD links and that on the shortest alternative path. Our proposal is evaluated with synthetic traffic and PARSEC benchmarks. Experimental results indicate that the FS method can achieve lower area*power/saturation_throughput value than all state of the art link fault tolerant strategies. With a redundant section in each link, the NoC saturation throughput can be largely improved than just utilizing FS, e.g., 18% when 10% of the NoC wires are broken. Simulation results we obtained at various wire broken rate configurations indicate that we achieve the highest saturation throughput if 4- or 8-section links with a flit transmission latency longer than four cycles are deactivated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP) in the ocean can affect tropical cyclone intensity and intensification. In this paper, TCHP change under global warming is presented based on 35 models from CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5). As the upper ocean warms up, the TCHP of the global ocean is projected to increase by 140.6% in the 21st century under the RCP4.5 (+4.5 W m Representative Concentration Pathway) scenario. The increase is particularly significant in the western Pacific, northwestern Indian and western tropical Atlantic oceans. The increase of TCHP results from the ocean temperature warming above the depth of the 26°C isotherm (D26), the deepening of D26, and the horizontal area expansion of SST above 26°C. Their contributions are 69.4%, 22.5% and 8.1%, respectively. Further, a suite of numerical experiments with an Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM) is conducted to investigate the relative importance of wind stress and buoyancy forcing to the TCHP change under global warming. Results show that sea surface warming is the dominant forcing for the TCHP change, while wind stress and sea surface salinity change are secondary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A modified Gauss-Markov model with weighted constraints was constructed by combining satellite altimeter and tide gauge records. Vertical motion rates of nine tide gauge stations around the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea are estimated. This is the first time systematic estimates have been derived in this region. Downward trends were seen at the six tide gauge stations located at Tanggu, Longkou, Laohutan, Bayuquan, Xiaochangshan, and Yantai; with vertical motion rates of −1.82±0.50, −1.65±0.46, −0.88±0.42, −0.58±0.62, −0.13±0.43, and −0.01±0.43 mm/yr, respectively. Upward trends were seen at the three tide gauge stations located at Qinhuangdao, Huludao and Chengshantou; with vertical motion rates of 1.12±0.46, 0.55±0.49 and 0.26±0.44 mm/yr, respectively. There was significant subsidence in Tanggu and Longkou, and a rising trend in Qinhuangdao. According to our results, the rate of sea level rise calculated from these tide gauge records can be improved using a more accurate measurement of the land elevation accounting for lifting or subsidence. The model derived can be used to estimate vertical motions of tide gauge stations, and can be widely applied to revise the benchmark levels of tide gauges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The annual cycle of sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Pacific Ocean is examined in terms of its response to global warming based on climate model simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). As the global ocean warms up, the SST in the North Pacific generally tends to increase and the warming is greater in summer than in winter, leading to a significant intensification of SST annual cycle. The mixed layer temperature equation is used to examine the mechanism of this intensification. Results show that the decrease of mixed layer depth (MLD) in summer is the main reason behind the intensification of SST annual cycle. Because the MLD in summer is much shallower than that in winter, the incoming net heat flux is trapped in a thinner surface layer in summer, causing a warmer summer SST and the amplification of SST annual cycle. The change of the SST annual cycle in the North Pacific may have profound ecological impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Newcastle disease virus is a major threat to poultry and in ovo vaccines are needed. A live in ovo vaccine for Newcastle disease virus, which was licensed but not marketed, was unsafe. It killed 32% of line 0 chicks and 10% of vaccine Lohmann (VALO) chicks using the maximum recommended dose that infected about 40% of the embryos. VALO''s made more antibody than line 0''s whether infected in ovo or by contact. The vaccine interrupted the massive development of the air capillaries between injection and hatch 3 days later. Cytokines, delivered as DNA in plasmids, did not function as adjuvants. IFN-γ prevented infection. IL-4 or IL-18 had little or no effect. Line 0 chicks that had been infected by contact were protected and so the unsafe in ovo vaccination of a minority could protect the majority. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

90Sr, as a typical artificial radionuclide, poses a serious threat to human health and the ecological environment. The selective removal of this radionuclide from industrial nuclear waste is crucial for our environment. Here we report a novel potassium fluoroaluminate, K2[(AlF5)H2O], which was synthesized by a simple low‐temperature one‐step method. It adopts a 1D AlF6‐chain structure, which consists of exchangeable potassium ions in between the infinite chains of octahedral Al centers. As a remarkable inorganic ionic exchanger, K2[(AlF5)H2O] has a high chemical stability (resistance of pH=~3‐12) and thermal stability (≥~300 °C). It possesses an excellent adsorption selectivity (Kd=~6.1×104 mL ⋅ g−1) and a maximum adsorption capacity of qm=~120.32 mg ⋅ g−1 for Sr2+. Importantly, it still keep a very good selectivity for Sr2+ ions even in the presence of competing Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ aqueous solutions. K2[(AlF5)H2O] is the first example of fluoroaluminate ionic exchange materials that can capture Sr2+. This result opens up a new way to design and synthesize inorganic ionic exchangers for the selective removal of Sr2+ ions from radioactive waste water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common and serious neuropsychiatric syndrome among older patients, and lacks effective therapies. Omega-3 fatty acids, possessing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, have shown potent neuroprotective effects in several diseases. The present study investigated whether omega-3 fatty acids could exert a neuroprotective role against POD in aged mice. A mouse model of POD was established to explore the role of omega-3 fatty acids in laparotomy-induced delirium-like behavior by evaluating systemic inflammatory changes, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and behavior at different time points in aged mice. Oral gavage with omega-3 fatty acids (300 mg/kg) for 3 weeks before surgery significantly attenuated anesthesia/surgery-induced POD-like behavior and the accumulation of proinflammatory cytokines from the peripheral blood in aged mice. Moreover, it also remarkably mitigated neuroinflammation and the oxidative stress response (malondialdehyde [MDA] and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of surgical mice. Our findings provided evidence that pretreatment with omega-3 fatty acids may play a vital role in the treatment of POD through mechanisms involving its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which may be a promising prevention strategy for POD in aged patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both observations and empirical model results show that the responses of the diurnal amplitude of sea surface temperature (DSST) to the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) in the tropical regions are opposite on the two sides of a pivot longitude, which varies seasonally. This pivot longitude occurs at 180° in boreal winter, but moves to 150°E in boreal summer. When the active convection center of the MJO is located to the west of the pivot longitude, reduced solar insolation and enhanced wind speed decrease DSST; when the active convection center moves to the east of the pivot longitude, reduced wind speed increases DSST. Due to the opposing wind speed anomalies across the pivot longitude, opposite responses to the MJO can be seen in latent heat flux anomalies, evaporation rate anomalies and surface roughness anomalies. These findings suggest that opposite responses in the tropical regions on the west and east of the pivot longitude to the MJO be common for variables that are closely related to wind speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethylene (C2H4) purification from multicomponent mixtures by physical adsorption presents a great challenge in the chemical industry. This work successfully uses the postsynthetic method of crystal transformation in boiling alkaline solution to synthesize a trap‐and‐flow channel crystal (namely NTU‐67), the flow channel of which provides an effective shape‐ and size‐dependent sieving path for linear molecules such as acetylene (C2H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), while the adjacent channel possesses customized space for efficient molecular trapping. The three‐bladed array of the nanospace enables the crystal to afford a record productivity of C2H4 (121.5 mL g−1, >99.95%) from C2H2/CO2/C2H4 (1/9/90, v/v/v) mixtures in a single adsorption–desorption cycle under humid and dynamic conditions, even at a high temperature of 343 K and wide gas ratio. The molecular‐level insight and mechanism of the cooperative role of the trap‐and‐flow channel, found computationally and observed experimentally, demonstrates a new design philosophy toward extending the application boundaries of porous coordination polymers to further challenging tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A submerged catalysis/membrane filtration system was designed and constructed for the semi-continuous hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2-propanediol over Cu–ZnO catalyst. In this system, the in situ separation of Cu–ZnO catalyst from the reaction mixture could be realized. In this article, the effects of the introduction of a membrane module and the operation conditions on the catalytic properties of glycerol hydrogenolysis as well as the membrane filtration performance were investigated. It turned out that the sealing material of ceramic membrane significantly affected the glycerol conversion and the ceramic membrane had no influence on the reaction performance. The properties of the reaction and filtration depended strongly on the operation conditions. Semi-continuous glycerol hydrogenolysis indicated that the 1,2-propanediol selectivity could be maintained at about 88% with a glycerol conversion above 21% during eight catalytic reaction cycles, and the ceramic membrane exhibited excellent stability during the entire hydrogenolysis process. This work would aid the development of environmental-friendly membrane reactor for the production of 1,2-propanediol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We compare the vortex evolutions of eyewall replacement cycles (ERCs) between the sea-surface and the free-atmosphere levels and investigate the asymmetric structure of concentric eyewalls (CEs) by examining a combination of aircraft observations and surface wind fields derived from C-band spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images during Hurricane Irma (2017) from 4 September 2017 to 8 September 2017. A total of 116 radial wind profiles measured by an aircraft were collected and showed that ERCs occur at both the sea-surface and the free-atmosphere levels. The outer eyewall was shown to form at the free atmospheric level (~3 km) with a narrow structure at the sea-surface level and an outward tilt with height in the cross-section. In our study, four ERC events were determined from wind profile parameters fitted by a modified Rankine vortex model, which was validated by 328 radial legs collected from six hurricanes. The outer eyewall did not replace the inner eyewall at the sea-surface level in the third ERC, due to the maintenance of a short duration and intense original eyewall. Additionally, Irma's intensity weakened during the fourth ERC rather than re-intensified, because of the generation of a third wind maximum outside the secondary eyewall. Comparisons of five SAR-derived surface wind fields in Irma and another two hurricane cases illustrated that the location of the secondary eyewall generation is a key point in the interpretation of anomaly intensity changes in the fourth ERC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work aimed to investigate the effect of solvent on the catalytic performance of glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,2-propanediol over a Cu–ZnO catalyst prepared by a coprecipitation method. The as-prepared Cu–ZnO particles were spherical in shape with needle-like structure formed by nanoscale particles, and had a specific surface area of 23 m 2 /g. The solvents used in this work had an obvious influence on the hydrogenolysis of glycerol. Glycerol conversion increased gradually while the selectivity to 1,2-propanediol changed oppositely with water, ethanol and methanol as a solvent, respectively. The mechanism of solvent effect was analyzed in detail through characterizing the physicochemical properties of recovered Cu–ZnO catalyst by NH 3 -TPD, XRD, SEM and N 2 O, etc. The larger surface tension of water brought about the serious aggregation of Cu nanoparticles, leading to less active sites and lower glycerol conversion. The catalytic hydrogen transformation from ethanol or methanol to glycerol could also be responsible for the higher glycerol conversion. The higher polarity of water facilitated the removal of 1,2-propanediol from the catalyst surface, contributing to higher selectivity to 1,2-propanediol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the design of memristive chips, memristor models are needed to evaluate the correctness of circuit design and simulation. Although numerous memristor models exist, they are usually too complicated to exhibit satisfactory simulation speed in large-scale arrays, or too concise to accurately reflect device characteristics. In this article, we propose a PieceWise linear (PWL) memristor model with well-balanced simulation speed and accuracy. The model has continuous state equation and contains only elementary operations to guarantee the simulation efficiency. The model parameters are derived with the minimum mean square error (MMSE) fitting method from the measured data. Simulation results illustrate that, with similar fitting accuracy, our model can reduces simulation time by 30% and memory usage by 11% than state-of-the-art models in a pure network with over $2\times 10^{4}$ memristors. The effectiveness of this model is also validated in a $32\times 64~1$ T1R array with weight update and signal processing operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The material properties, including Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and density, of the structural components in the stator end winding of a typical 600-MW turbogenerator were experimentally measured; the equivalent bending stiffness of the conductor bars are determined by the three-point bending test, and the lower orders of natural frequencies and mode shapes were measured by modal test. The finite-element model of the stator end winding is set up, and its dynamic characteristics are numerically analyzed by means of the ABAQUS software. The numerical model is validated by the consistence of the numerically determined natural frequencies corresponding to the modes with elliptic shape with those measured by the modal test. With the finite-element model, parametric study on the natural frequencies and modes of the end winding is performed, which behaves instructive significance for the design and improvement of the turbogenerator stator end windings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diurnal variation in surface latent heat flux (LHF) and the effects of diurnal variations in LHF-related variables on the climatological LHF are examined using observations from the Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array. The estimated amplitude of the climatological diurnal LHF over the Indo-Pacific warm pool and the equatorial Pacific and Atlantic cold tongues is remarkable, with maximum values exceeding 20.0 W m−2. Diurnal variability of sea surface skin temperature (SSTskin) is the primary contributor to the diurnal LHF amplitude. Because the diurnal SSTskin amplitude has an inverse relationship with surface wind speed over the tropical oceans, an inverse spatial pattern between the diurnal LHF amplitude and surface wind speed results. Resolving diurnal variations in the SSTskin and wind improves the estimate of the climatological LHF by properly capturing the daytime SSTskin and daily mean wind speed, respectively. The diurnal SSTskin-associated contribution is large over the warm pool and equatorial cold tongues where low wind speeds tend to cause strong diurnal SSTskin warming, while the magnitude associated with the diurnal winds is large over the highly dynamic environment of the intertropical convergence zone. The total diurnal contribution is about 9.0 W m−2 on average over the buoy sites. There appears to be a power function (linear) relationship between the diurnal SSTskin-associated (wind-associated) contribution and surface mean wind speed (wind speed enhancement from diurnal variability). The total contribution from diurnal variability can be estimated accurately from high-frequency surface wind measurements using these relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multidecadal variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) plays a vital role in Earth's climate variability. Climate change has the potential to alter the causes and characteristics of AMOC multidecadal variability. Here we use a coupled climate model to simulate AMOC multidecadal variability under three distinct atmospheric CO2 concentrations: Last Glacial Maximum, preindustrial, and 4 × preindustrial levels. Firstly, we discover that AMOC multidecadal variability exhibits a shortened period and a reduced amplitude with increasing atmospheric CO2. We find that these changes in AMOC variability are largely related to enhanced ocean stratification in the subpolar North Atlantic with increasing CO2 which in turn changes the characteristics of westward propagating oceanic baroclinic Rossby waves. Our analysis indicates that the shortened period is primarily due to the increased speed of free oceanic Rossby waves, and the reduced amplitude is mainly due to the reduced magnitude of atmospherically-forced oceanic Rossby waves. Mean flow effects, in the form of eastward mean zonal advection and westward geostrophic self-advection, need to be considered as they largely increase the speed of Rossby waves and hence allow for a better estimate of the changes in the period and amplitude of AMOC variability. Secondly, to explore the possible linkage between atmospheric variability and AMOC fluctuations under each CO2 concentration in a qualitative manner, we analyze the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the AMOC and find a significant negative correlation between the two only under the preindustrial levels where the NAO leads the AMOC by 3–11 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Submesoscale eddies are often seen in high‐resolution satellite‐derived ocean color images. To efficiently identify these eddies from surface chlorophyll data, here, we develop an automatic submesoscale eddy detection method and apply it to the South China Sea. The detected submesoscale eddies are found to have a radius of 13 ± 5 km and an aspect ratio of 0.5 ± 0.2, with a notable predominance of cyclones. Further investigation reveals that the surface structure of these eddies displays a unique "cat's‐eye" pattern, and the eddies become more circular with increasing eddy radius. Submesoscale eddies can strongly regulate surface chlorophyll via horizontal advection while they have less coherent signatures in sea surface temperature. These findings may help to improve submesoscale parameterizations in Earth system models. Plain Language Summary: Ubiquitous ocean eddies play a crucial role in the upper ocean dynamics. Using high‐resolution satellite remote sensing data, we have developed an automatic method to detect small elliptical eddies in the SCS over a 10‐year period. The results show that these "submesoscale" eddies of the order of 10 km appear to have a unique "cat's‐eye" structure with significant effect on the surface tracer distribution. This study, therefore, improves our understanding of oceanic submesoscale dynamics and contributes to parameterizing the impact of submesoscale eddies in climate and ocean models. Key Points: Submesoscale eddies are detected automatically from ocean color data and are analyzed statistically in the South China SeaThe surface structure of submesoscale eddies shows the classical "cat's‐eye" patternSubmesoscale eddies can significantly modulate surface tracer distribution [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been suggested that the intraseasonal sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the tropical oceans can be amplified by the diurnal cycle of SST (dSST). Here, by analyzing the global tropical moored buoy array for the first time, we find that the intraseasonal SST variability is indeed amplified by the dSST in most of the tropical oceans, especially in the Indo‐Pacific warm pool, but weakened in the equatorial cold tongues of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Such a divergent response is associated with the difference in atmosphere‐ocean interaction processes over these two regions. In the warm pool region, SST responds to the intraseasonal atmospheric variability, resulting in in‐phase intraseasonal fluctuations between SST and dSST that amplify the intraseasonal SST variability. However, in the cold tongue region, SST drives the atmospheric changes, which leads to out‐of‐phase intraseasonal fluctuations between SST and dSST and thus the inhibition of the intraseasonal SST variability. Plain Language Summary: The diurnal cycle is a fundamental timescale in the climate system, which has important nonlinear impacts on the variability on longer timescales. Previous studies have suggested that the diurnal cycle of sea surface temperature (SST) amplifies the SST variability on intraseasonal timescales of 20–90 days in the tropical region. By analyzing ocean temperature measurements from moored buoys located in the global tropical oceans, we find that the aforementioned amplification effect does exist in most of the tropical oceans, however, the diurnal cycle of SST weakens the intraseasonal SST variability in the equatorial eastern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Such contrasting results are associated with the different interaction processes between the atmosphere and the ocean over these regions. This is the first report of the inhibition effect, adding a new insight into the impact of the diurnal cycle of SST on intraseasonal SST variability. Key Points: The rectification of the intraseasonal sea surface temperature (SST) variability by the SST diurnal cycle is revealed by the global tropical moored buoy arrayThe intraseasonal SST variability is enhanced by the diurnal cycle in the Indo‐Pacific warm pool but weakened in the equatorial cold tonguesThese divergent responses are associated with the difference in atmosphere‐ocean interaction processes over these two regions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observations and numerical simulations show an inverse relationship between sea surface diurnal warming and wind speed. However, the dependence of subsurface diurnal warming on wind speed remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the relationship between subsurface diurnal warming and wind speed using field observations, numerical simulations, and theoretical analysis. With increasing wind speed, subsurface diurnal warming decreases at the shallower depths where the daily maximum temperature occurs in the afternoon, while it first increases and then decreases at the deeper depths where the daily maximum temperature moves from afternoon to night, reaching a maximum when the daily maximum temperature occurs at about 18:00 local time (sunset). The relationship is mainly governed by the time-accumulated ocean heat gain from the air-sea heat flux (the difference between time-accumulated shortwave absorption and time-accumulated surface heat loss), which represents the downward heat transfer. Increasing wind speed increases surface heat loss and decreases the timing of the daily maximum temperature (t 2 h). For the shallower depths, both the decreased t 2 h and the increased surface heat loss reduce the accumulated ocean heat gain from the air-sea heat flux, i.e., the downward heat transfer, and thus reduce subsurface diurnal warming. For the deeper depths, the decreased t 2 h with increasing wind speed initially reduces the accumulated surface heat loss (the accumulated shortwave absorption almost the same) when t 2 h is during the night, causing the increase in subsurface diurnal warming, and subsequently reduces the accumulated net ocean heat gain along with the increased surface heat loss when t 2 h is during the afternoon, leading to the decrease in subsurface diurnal warming. This study extends our understanding of the dependence of diurnal warming on wind speed. • Relationship between subsurface diurnal warming (SDW) and wind speed is examined. • SDW decreases with increasing wind speed at shallower depths. • SDW first increases then decreases with increasing wind speed at deeper depths. • The relationship is mainly regulated by the net ocean heat gain during warming period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic Signs Recognition (TSR) is a key technology to implement Automatic Driving System (ADS) and Advanced Driver Assistant System (ADAS). Numerous efforts have been endeavored to improve the TSR accuracy and speed, and Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) are usually employed. However, most of the existing works require large network scale and thus suffer from the drawback of high computation and power consumption. To alleviate this issue, in this paper, we propose an SNN–CNN hybrid network with RRAM-implemented weights to improve the storage and computing efficiency of TSR. Specifically, we utilize SNN to quickly determine the superclass that a traffic sign belongs to. Then utilize CNNs to determine the subclass accurately, thus the complex TSR task is decomposed into multiple simple tasks. Finally, the network weights are binarized to alleviate the implementation of the hybrid network on RRAM-based accelerators, which have higher power efficiency than CMOS logic based ones. Experimental results indicate that, when compared with state of the art CNN method, the SNN–CNN hybrid network can achieve similar accuracy with less weight scale (−69.21%) and lower power consumption (−81.55%). Binarizing the hybrid network can further reduce the weights storage requirement by another 96.875% with only 1.518% accuracy loss. When the network weights are implemented with state of the art RRAM array (resistance variation is 5%), the proposed network can achieve a mean accuracy of 96.47% with 95% ∼ 97.5% confidence interval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The horizontal velocity structure of mesoscale eddies is investigated using data from 18-year altimetry data in the South China Sea (SCS). A total of 2,433 cyclonic eddies (CEs) and 3,132 anticyclonic eddies (AEs) are detected in this data set. This analysis shows that the eddy velocity structure is strongly linked to the eddy amplitude, with the band of maximum velocity moving closer to the eddy core as the eddy amplitude increases. By combining the records of Argo float profiles and satellite altimetry data, the eddy feature found in sea level anomaly (SLA) data can also be seen at the subsurface. This feature is related to sub-mesoscale processes accompanying with water exchange and energy cascade at the outer edge of mesoscale eddy. A modified Taylor vortex model is built including this new finding to describe the eddy velocity structure. This vortex model is found to be useful as it better describes the eddy's life history, the knowledge of which is important for better understanding physical, biological and chemical processes in the ocean. • The band of maximum velocity moves closer to the eddy core as the eddy amplitude increases. • A modified Taylor vortex model is built to describe the eddy velocity structure. • This vortex model is useful for better describing the eddy life history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three-dimensional (3-D) electromagnetic model of the end region of a 600 MW turbogenerator is set up. The variations of electromagnetic force densities of the stator end winding under rated load and three-phase short circuit from full load are obtained by numerical simulation. Then, the electromagnetic forces varying with time and space on the end winding are applied to the 3-D fine finite-element model established in ABAQUS/CAE for structural analysis, and the deformation and stress distributions of the stator end winding during rated load and three-phase short circuit are numerically analyzed by means of the ABAQUS software. Furthermore, the influences of structural and material parameters of the end winding on its dynamic responses under rated load are numerically investigated. Based on the numerical results, an optimal scheme for the design of the turbogenerator stator end winding is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An in situ formed hydrogel was synthesized by sodium alginate and cysteine methyl ester, which turned the sodium alginate into thiolated alginate (SA-SH). SA-SH can in situ formed into hydrogel (SA-SS-SA) with a large amount of water through covalent bond in less than 20 s. The structure characterization showed that the mechanism of SA-SH gelation was thiol-disulfide transformation. The rheology and cytotoxicity experiments of SA-SS-SA hydrogel were also investigated, which indicated that SA-SS-SA hydrogel had an appropriate mechanical strength as well as an excellent biocompatibility. The SA-SS-SA hydrogel would degrade under certain conditions after a few days and its mechanism was disulfide alkaline reduction. Finally, the hemostatic property of SA-SH was tested by rat tail amputation experiment. The time to hemostasis of rat reduced from 8.26 min to 3.24 min, which proved that SA-SH had an excellent hemostatic property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO preferential oxidation (CO-PROX) achieves much interest as a strategy to remove trace CO in reformed gases for hydrogen utilization. Herein, we reported a novel Au@ZrO 2 catalytic membrane reactor by embedding gold nano-particles in ZrO 2 hollow fiber membrane for CO-PROX. The flow-through catalytic membrane exhibited high catalytic activity and oxygen selectivity, which gave a turnover frequency of 4.73 s −1 at 60 °C, 2–3 times higher than conventional catalyst pellets. CO conversion of >95% was achieved over the catalytic membrane, which maintained great operational stability during 500-h operation even CO 2 and H 2 O were added in the feed stream. The excellent catalytic performance of the flow-through catalytic membrane makes gold catalyst possible for practical application in the removal of CO from hydrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shape- and Size-Dependent Kinetic Ethylene Sieving from a Ternary Mixture by a Trap-and-Flow Channel Crystal (Adv. Funct. Keywords: C 2H 4 purification; molecular trapping; shape- and size-dependent kinetic sieving; ternary mixtures; trap-and-flow channel crystals EN C 2H 4 purification molecular trapping shape- and size-dependent kinetic sieving ternary mixtures trap-and-flow channel crystals 1 1 1 09/21/22 20220919 NES 220919 B Molecular Trapping b In article number 2203745, Jingui Duan, Susumu Kitagawa, and co-workers report a trap-and-flow channel crystal, where the flow channel provides an effective shape- and size-dependent sieving path for linear acetylene and carbon dioxide, while the flow channel possesses a customized space of efficient molecular trapping, yielding a record productivity of poly-grade C SB 2 sb H SB 4 sb from C SB 2 sb H SB 2 sb /CO SB 2 sb /C SB 2 sb H SB 4 sb mixtures. C 2H 4 purification, molecular trapping, shape- and size-dependent kinetic sieving, ternary mixtures, trap-and-flow channel crystals. [Extracted from the article]

The subsurface ocean response to anthropogenic climate forcing remains poorly characterized. From the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), a robust response of the lower thermocline is identified, where the warming is considerably weaker in the subtropics than in the tropics and high latitudes. The lower thermocline change is inversely proportional to the thermocline depth in the present climatology. Ocean general circulation model (OGCM) experiments show that sea surface warming is the dominant forcing for the subtropical gyre change in contrast to natural variability for which wind dominates, and the ocean response is insensitive to the spatial pattern of surface warming. An analysis based on a ventilated thermocline model shows that the pattern of the lower thermocline change can be interpreted in terms of the dynamic response to the strengthened stratification and downward heat mixing. Consequently, the subtropical gyres become intensified at the surface but weakened in the lower thermcline, consistent with results from CMIP experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates the impact of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) on the South China Sea (SCS) in summer with three types of models: a theoretical Sverdrup model, a 1.5-layer reduced gravity model, and a regional ocean model [Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS)]. Results show that the ocean circulation in the SCS has an intraseasonal oscillation responding to the MJO. During its westerly phase, the MJO produces positive (negative) wind stress curl over the northern (southern) SCS and thus induces an enhanced cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation in the northern (southern) SCS. This not only cools sea surface temperature (SST) but also decreases (increases) subsurface temperature in the northern (southern) SCS. During its easterly phase, the MJO basically produces a reversed but weaker influence on SCS ocean circulation and temperature. Thus, the MJO can have an imprint on the summer climatology of SCS circulation and temperature. The authors' analysis further indicates that the MJO's dynamic effect associated with wind is generally more important than its thermodynamic effect in modulating the regional ocean circulation and temperature. The present study suggests that the MJO is important for summer ocean circulation and temperature in the SCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the satellite observed sea surface temperature (SST), the recovery of SST cooling induced by the tropical cyclones (TCs) over the northwestern Pacific Ocean is investigated. The results show that the passage of a TC induces a mean maximum cooling in the SST of roughly −1.25 °C. It was also found that most of this cooling (~87%) is typically erased within 30 days of TC passage. This recovery time depends upon the degree of cooling, with stronger (weaker) SST cooling corresponding to longer (shorter) recovery time. Further analyses show that the mixed layer depth (MLD) and the upper layer thermocline temperature gradient (UTTG) also play an important role in the SST response to TCs. The maximum cooling increases ~0.1 °C for every 7 m decrease in the MLD or every 0.04 °C/m increase in the UTTG. The combined effects of MLD and TC intensity and translation speed on the SST response are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Mesoporous MCM-48 silica membranes have been synthesized on porous supports under hydrothermal conditions, using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as silica source, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as template surfactant. And then the templates were removed by solvent extraction instead of calcination. The results of the TG and FT-IR showed that the solvent of 1M HCl/EtOH solution was feasible to extract the templates in the MCM-48 materials and over 90% of the templates were extracted at room temperature for 24h. The results of XRD, SEM indicated that the MCM-48 membranes were prepared on the porous supports and extraction did not destroy the mesostructure of the MCM-48. The compactness of the extracted MCM-48 membrane was evaluated by the permeation of single gas (N2 and H2) with transmembrane pressure of 60–220kPa. The permeance of N2 was independent of the transmembrane pressure and the ideal separation factor was about 3.45. All the results demonstrate that the method, solvent extraction to remove surfactant template, is more effective to synthesize high quality MCM-48 membranes than calcination. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The grand canonical ensemble Monte Carlo simulation is used for investigating the adsorption, heat of adsorption and distributions of thiophene and benzene on MFI and MOR type zeolites. The calculated amount absorbed of thiophene on MFI is good agreement with the experimental data at high ratio of Si/Al. The calculated results show the amount absorbed of thiophene on MFI is much more than that on MOR under coequal conditions. The distribution of the thiophene over various channels for MFI shows adsorption capacity of the intersections of straight and zig zag channels appears preferable to the other channels. The 12-membered ring channels for MOR accommodate all thiophene molecules; however, in the other channels, the density of distribution of thiophene molecules is very low. Binary systems were studied to understand the siting and segregation of the molecules. We found that the thiophene/benzene system obeys the competition classification, because both species prefer the intersections. In this case the thiophene adsorbs more strongly, pushing benzene into the zig zag channels. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Recent years have witnessed the great success of image super-resolution based on deep learning. However, it is hard to adapt a well-trained deep model for a specific image for further improvement. Since the internal repetition of patterns is widely observed in visual entities, internal self-similarity is expected to help improve image super-resolution. In this paper, we focus on exploiting a complementary relation between external and internal example-based super-resolution methods. Specifically, we first develop a basic network learning external prior from large scale training data and then learn the internal prior from the given low-resolution image for task adaptation. By simply embedding a few additional layers into a pre-trained deep neural network, the image-adaptive super-resolution method exploits the internal prior for a specific image, and the external prior from a well-trained super-resolution model. We achieve 0.18 dB PSNR improvements over the basic network's results on standard datasets. Extensive experiments under image super-resolution tasks demonstrate that the proposed method is flexible and can be integrated with lightweight networks. The proposed method boosts the performance for images with repetitive structures, and it improves the accuracy of the reconstructed image of the lightweight model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]