Search

While scaling down resistive random access memory devices can bring many benefits, it also introduces uncertainties during operation. One example is the wide distribution of the resistances in the low‐resistance state (LRS) when the device is connected by a small current compliance (Ic$I_{\text{c}}$) in the microampere range. During the operation under such small Ic$I_{\text{c}}$, it is believed that the stochastic migration of oxygen vacancies in the oxide layer plays an important role for the variability. To this regard, the model where oxygen vacancies are treated as point defects and the kinetic Monte Carlo method is applied for the stochastic migration of vacancies is extended. The relation between the macroscopic observations in measurements and the microscopic vacancy distribution are discussed. It turns out that three representative configurations are sufficient to describe the vacancy distribution in the LRS. The large spread of the resistance seen in the cycle‐to‐cycle statistics is then due to the change from one of the configuration to the other. The origin for the change between configurations is discussed in terms of the anisotropic zero‐field energy barrier of the diffusion of vacancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the synthesis of Fe3+ doped TiO2 nanoparticles with variations of molar concentrations of Fe3+ and their adequate use as potential photocatalysts for Photocatalysis applications. Synthesized photocatalysts were characterized thoroughly by different analytical techniques in terms of morphological, chemical, structural, crystalline, optical, electronic structure, surface area etc properties. The occurrence of red shift phenomenon of the energy band gap attributes to the transfer of charges and transition between the d electrons of dopant and conduction band (CB) or valence band (VB) of TiO2. The doping of Fe3+ ions generates more trap sites for charge carriers with the surface trap sites. Thorough experimental conclusions revealed that the Fe3+ ions necessarily regulate the catalytic property of TiO2 nanomaterial. The obtained total degradation efficiency rate of Methylene Blue (MB) was 93.3% in the presence of 0.1 M Fe3+ in the host material and for Malachite Green Oxalate the efficiency was 100% in the presence of 0.05 M and 0.1 M Fe3+in the host material. In both the cases the total visible light irradiation time was 90 min. The adsorption properties of the photocatalysts have been also performed in a dark for 90 min in the presence of MB dye. However, till now there are hardly reported photocatalysts which shows complete degradation of these toxic organic dyes by visible light driven photocatalysis. of potential values of valence and conduction band shows the production of active oxidizing species for hydrogen yield and the possible mechanism of the Schottky barrier has been proposed. A schematic diagram of visible light driven Photocatalysis has been pictured showing degradation activity of Fe3+-TiO2 catalysts sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To elucidate the treatment results and predictors for successful outcome in women with detrusor underactivity (DU) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) undergoing suburethral sling procedure. Methods: Medical records of women with coexistent SUI and DU treated with a suburethral sling were retrospectively reviewed and we analyzed the association between treatment outcome and baseline demographics including etiology of DU and urodynamic variables. Patients who were dry and could urinate spontaneously were considered successful. Treatment failure was considered in those who were dry but needing clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) and patients who were still wet. Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI‐6) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ‐7) scores were used to assess the impact of surgery on the quality of life. Results: Among 71 patients, a successful outcome was noted in 39 (55%), failed outcome with CIC in 15 (21%), and totally treatment failure in 17 (24%). Treatment outcome did not differ among the etiology subgroups. Overall, UDI‐6 and IIQ‐7 scores significantly improved after surgery. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the IIQ‐7 and maximum flow rate (Qmax) were two independent predictors for improvement after surgery. An IIQ‐7 score ≤6, and Qmax ≥6 mL/s can predict improvement by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Qmax ≤6 mL/s can predict needing CIC after surgery. Conclusions: For women with SUI and coexistent DU who underwent suburethral sling procedure, low IIQ‐7 (≤6) scores and higher Qmax (≥6 mL/s) are predictors for improvement of surgical outcome. A Qmax of <6 mL/s was the only predictor for CIC after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]