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Few-femtosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) transient absorption spectroscopy, performed with optical 500-1000-nm supercontinuum and broadband XUV pulses (30-50 eV), simultaneously probes dynamics of photoexcited carriers in WS2 at the W O3 edge (37-45 eV) and carrier-induced modifications of core-exciton absorption at the WN6,7 edge (32-37 eV). Access to continuous core-to-conduction-band absorption features and discrete core-exciton transitions in the same XUV spectral region in a semiconductor provides a means to investigate the effect of carrier excitation on core-exciton dynamics. The core-level transient absorption spectra, measured with either pulse arriving first to explore both core-level and valence carrier dynamics, reveal that core-exciton transitions are strongly influenced by the photoexcited carriers. A 1.2±0.3 ps hole-phonon relaxation time and a 3.1±0.4 ps carrier recombination time are extracted from the XUV transient absorption spectra from the core-to-conduction-band transitions at the W O3 edge. Global fitting of the transient absorption signal at the W N6,7 edge yields ∼10 fs coherence lifetimes of core-exciton states and reveals that the photoexcited carriers, which alter the electronic screening and band filling, are the dominant contributor to the spectral modifications of core excitons and direct field-induced changes play a minor role. This work provides a first look at the modulations of core-exciton states by photoexcited carriers and advances our understanding of carrier dynamics in metal dichalcogenides.

Light emitters in wide-band-gap semiconductors are of great fundamental interest and have potential as optically addressable qubits. Here we describe a unique color center in high-quality hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) with a sharp emission line at 435 nm. The emitters are activated and deactivated by electron beam irradiation and have spectral and temporal characteristics consistent with atomic color centers weakly coupled to lattice vibrations. The emitters are conspicuously absent from commercially available h-BN and are present in only ultrahigh-quality h-BN grown using a high-pressure, high-temperature Ba-B-N flux/solvent, suggesting that these emitters originate from impurities or related defects specific to this unique synthetic route. Our results imply that the light emission is activated and deactivated by electron beam manipulation of the charge state of an impurity-defect complex.

Song-Seng Loke,1 Chien-Te Lee,2 Shan Huang,3 Chao-Tung Chen4 1Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; 2Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; 3Department of Management, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; 4Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, TaiwanCorrespondence: Song-Seng Loke, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan, Tel +886-7-7317123, Email loke@cgmh.org.twPurpose: To evaluate the effect of comprehensive geriatric assessment performed by an inpatient aging consultation team on older patients with geriatric syndromes.Methods: Fifty-nine patients with ≧65 years, Barthel Index score ≦60, at least one geriatric syndrome, and admitted to non-geriatric wards were enrolled. By their preference, 16 were in the intervention group with comprehensive geriatric assessment and instructions from the consultation team. And 43 were in the control group, receiving standard care from non-geriatric-specialist physicians. Outcomes were readmission and mortality within one year after discharge.Results: The mean age of the intervention and control groups was 78.35 (8.54) and 80.23 (6.36) years (p = 0.36), with female of 62.5% and 60.5%, respectively. Compared to control, intervention is not significantly associated with attenuated risk for readmission (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 0.256, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.12– 1.78, p = 0.256) and mortality (aHR: 2.13, 95% CI: 0.29– 15.7, p = 0.457) within one year after discharge. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with a fall history ≧1 in the past one year had a lower risk of readmission (aHR: 0.28, 0.07– 0.6, p = 0.004) or mortality (aHR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.01– 0.97, p = 0.047), and disability is associated with mortality (aHR: 5.37, 95% CI: 0.87– 33.12, p = 0.07).Conclusion: Intervention is not significantly associated with outcomes in our pilot study. But fall history ≧1 in the recent one year is associated with a lower risk of readmission and mortality among all included patients. More participants and longer follow-up are needed for better elucidation.Keywords: comprehensive geriatric assessment, inpatient geriatric consultation team, geriatric syndrome, readmission rate, mortality rate

Van der Waals epitaxy enables the integration of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides with other layered materials to form heterostructures with atomically sharp interfaces. However, the ability to fully utilize and understand these materials using surface science techniques such as angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) requires low defect, large area, epitaxial coverage with ultra-clean interfaces. We have developed a chemical vapor deposition van der Waals epitaxy growth process where the metal and chalcogen sources are separated such that growth times can be extended significantly to yield high coverage while minimizing surface contamination. We demonstrate the growth of high quality 2D WS2 over large areas on graphene. The as-grown vertical heterostructures are exceptionally clean as demonstrated by ARPES, STM and spatially resolved photoluminescence mapping. With these correlated techniques we are able to relate defect density to electronic band structure and, ultimately, optical properties. We find that our synthetic approach provides ultra-clean, low defect density (~1012 cm-2), ~10 μm large WS2 monolayer crystals, with an electronic band structure and valence band effective masses that perfectly match the theoretical prediction for pristine WS2.

2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are commonly grown by chemical vapor deposition using transition metal oxides as solid precursors. Despite the widespread use of this technique, challenges in reproducibility, coverage, and material quality are pervasive, suggestive of unknown and uncontrolled process parameters. In this communication, we demonstrate the impact of water vapor on this growth process. Our results show a direct correlation between gas phase water content and the morphology of TMD films. In particular, we show that the presence of water enhances volatilization, and therefore the vapor transport of tungsten and molybdenum oxide. Surprisingly, we find that water not only plays an important role in volatilization but is also compatible with TMD growth. In fact, carefully controlled humidity can consistently produce high quality, luminescent materials.

Cai-Tao Chen,1 Chun-Xiao Shan,2 Jun Ran,3 Lei-Miao Yin,1 Hai-Yan Li,4 Yu Wang,1 Yu-Dong Xu,1 Jing-Lei Guo,5 Yang-Lin Shi,1 Yan-Jiao Chen,1 Yong-Qing Yang1 1Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China; 3Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 4Shanghai First Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 5School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yong-Qing Yang; Yan-Jiao ChenLaboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 650 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-21-54592134; +86-21-64395975Fax +86-21-64395975Email yyq@shutcm.edu.cn; cyjb1018@163.comPurpose: Cyclophilin A (CypA) inhibits CD4+ T cell signal transduction via interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (Itk), a tyrosine kinase required for T helper (Th) 2 cells function. Furthermore, mice with CypA silencing developed allergic diseases associated with increased Th2 cytokines production. CD4+ T cells with a Th2-cytokine pattern have been demonstrated to have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of asthma. However, the effects of CypA in regulating immunity in asthma and in relieving asthmatic symptoms in vivo are entirely unknown.Methods: Recombinant CypA protein (rCypA) was generated and purified. Ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged asthmatic rats model and acetylcholine chloride (ACh)-induced contraction of tracheal spirals were established. The pulmonary resistance (RL) value of asthmatic rats in vivo and the isometric tension of tracheal spirals ex vivo were recorded by MFLab 3.01 software. The levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and the quantities of immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE) in the supernatants of rat spleen lymphocytes were detected and analysed by bio-plex Suspension Array System and ELISA, respectively. CD4+ T cells were separated by MicroBeads, and the levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were detected by ELISA.Results: rCypA (10 ng/kg) significantly reduced RL within 2– 7 min in OVA-challenged asthmatic rats in vivo, and there were no significant differences compared with terbutaline (TB) and hydrocortisone (HC). Furthermore, rCypA (10 ng/mL) significantly reduced the isometric tension in the ACh-induced contraction of the tracheal spiral ex vivo, and the effect of rCypA was better than that of TB. Additionally, rCypA suppressed the secretion of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines, and the suppressive effects of rCypA were stronger than those of HC, especially on Th2 cytokines.Conclusion: These findings indicate that CypA may serve as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for asthma.Keywords: cyclophilin A, asthma, Th2 cytokines, immunoregulation

Finding solutions to improve the performance of semiconductor light absorbers and catalyst materials remains an outstanding issue that prevents the realization of solar fuel generators. Nanostructuring approaches of photoelectrocatalytic materials have the potential to reduce bulk recombination and improve electron-hole pair separation in semiconductor light absorbers, as well as to increase the active surface area and influence the activity in catalytic systems. Herein, we propose a versatile approach for the synthesis of reproducible, highly homogeneous, large scale nanoporous (photo)electrocatalytic materials for artificial photosynthesis. By identifying and carefully analyzing critical parameters for forming opal templates from solutions of colloidal polystyrene beads (PS), we are able to reproducibly fabricate large area (>cm2) PS films with high optical quality over a wide diameter range (170-600 nm). Using these PS bead opal films as templates, we demonstrate that electrodeposition is a suitable bottom-up infilling technique to produce scalable, homogeneous, and highly ordered nanoporous (photo)electrocatalytic materials, namely Cu2O, BiVO4, CuBi2O4, and Cu. We provide morphological, structural, and optical characterization of the resulting opal replicas. Finally, we demonstrate preliminary integration of the Cu2O inverse opal film into a working photocathode under CO2 reduction conditions.

We present an analysis of version 5.1 of the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM5.1) at a high horizontal resolution. Intercomparison of this global model at approximately 0.25°, 1°, and 2° is presented for extreme daily precipitation as well as for a suite of seasonal mean fields. In general, extreme precipitation amounts are larger in high resolution than in lower-resolution configurations. In many but not all locations and/or seasons, extreme daily precipitation rates in the high-resolution configuration are higher and more realistic. The high-resolution configuration produces tropical cyclones up to category 5 on the Saffir-Simpson scale and a comparison to observations reveals both realistic and unrealistic model behavior. In the absence of extensive model tuning at high resolution, simulation of many of the mean fields analyzed in this study is degraded compared to the tuned lower-resolution public released version of the model.

Kuan-Lin Chen,1–3 Cheng-Te Chen,4 Chien-Ho Lin,5 Chien-Yu Huang,6 Ya-Chen Lee7 1Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan (R.O.C); 2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan (R.O.C); 3Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan (R.O.C); 4Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C); 5Department of Psychiatry, Chi Mei Medical Center, Youngkang Dist., Tainan City 710, Taiwan (R.O.C); 6Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 824, Taiwan (R.O.C); 7Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan (R.O.C)Correspondence: Ya-Chen LeeDepartment of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, No. 500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan (R.O.C)Tel +886-4-23323456 Ext. 20007Email jennyleenet@hotmail.comBackground: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit deficits in pretend play and have less playfulness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between pretend play and playfulness in children with autism spectrum disorder, while controlling for severity of autism behaviors, verbal comprehension, and age.Methods: A sample of 72 children with ASD aged between 3 and 12 years were assessed with the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment, Test of Playfulness, and Childhood Autism Rating Scale, respectively, for their pretend play, playfulness, and severity of autism behaviors. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted.Results: The results of Pearson correlation coefficients revealed that the pretend play variables had mild to moderate associations with the playfulness variables (r = −0.25 to 0.68). The multiple regression analyses showed that, overall, the internal locus of control was the significant predictor of the pretend play variables (accounting for 5–47% of the variance, p < 0.001). The six pretend play variables were all important predictors of all playfulness variables (explaining 41–76% of the variance, p < 0.001–0.047). Particularly, the elaborate pretend play action was a significant predictor of all four playfulness variables. Our findings indicated that the more children with ASD engaged in pretend play, the more they experienced playfulness.Conclusion: Clinicians could help children with ASD improve their feeling of being in charge of their play in order to develop better performance in pretend play. Assisting children with ASD to engage in pretend play is important to promote their internal experience of playfulness.Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, pretend play, playfulness, severity of autism behaviors

Nai-Tzu Chen,1 Eugene D Barth,2,3 Tsung-Hsi Lee,4 Chin-Tu Chen,5 Boris Epel,2,3 Howard J Halpern,2,3 Leu-Wei Lo5,61Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; 2Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; 3Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; 4Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; 5Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA; 6Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, TaiwanPurpose: Tumor oxygenation is a critical parameter influencing the efficacy of cancer therapy. Low levels of oxygen in solid tumor have been recognized as an indicator of malignant progression and metastasis, as well as poor response to chemo- and radiation therapy. Being able to measure oxygenation for an individual’s tumor would provide doctors with a valuable way of identifying optimal treatments for patients.Methods: Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) in combination with an oxygen-measuring paramagnetic probe was performed to measure tumor oxygenation in vivo. Triarylmethyl (trityl) radical exhibits high specificity, sensitivity, and resolution for quantitative measurement of O2 concentration. However, its in vivo applications in previous studies have been limited by the required high dosage, its short half-life, and poor intracellular permeability. To address these limitations, we developed high-capacity nanoformulated radicals that employed fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled mesoporous silica nanoparticles (FMSNs) as trityl radical carriers. The high surface area nanostructure and easy surface modification of physiochemical properties of FMSNs enable efficient targeted delivery of highly concentrated, nonself-quenched trityl radicals, protected from environmental degradation and dilution.Results: We successfully designed and synthesized a tumor-targeted nanoplatform as a carrier for trityl. In addition, the nanoformulated trityl does not affect oxygen-sensing capacity by a self-relaxation or broadening effect. The FMSN-trityl exhibited high sensitivity/response to oxygen in the partial oxygen pressure range from 0 to 155 mmHg. Furthermore, MSN-trityl displayed outstanding intracellular oxygen mapping in both in vitro and in vivo animal studies.Conclusion: The highly sensitive nanoformulated trityl spin probe can profile intracellular oxygen distributions of tumor in a real-time and quantitative manner using in vivo EPRI.Keywords: tumor oxygenation, electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI), mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), triarylmethyl (trityl) spin probe

Rationale: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a proliferative arteriopathy associated with glucose transporter-1 (Glut1) up-regulation and a glycolytic shift in lung metabolism. Glycolytic metabolism can be detected with the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG).Objectives: The precise cell type in which glycolytic abnormalities occur in PAH is unknown. Moreover, whether FDG-PET is sufficiently sensitive to monitor PAH progression and detect therapeutic regression is untested. We hypothesized that increased lung FDG-PET reflects enhanced glycolysis in vascular cells and is reversible in response to effective therapies.Methods: PAH was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by monocrotaline or chronic hypoxia (10% oxygen) in combination with Sugen 5416. Monocrotaline rats were treated with oral dichloroacetate or daily imatinib injections. FDG-PET scans and pulmonary artery acceleration times were obtained weekly. The origin of the PET signal was assessed by laser capture microdissection of airway versus vascular tissue. Metabolism was measured in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) cultures, using a Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer.Measurements and Main Results: Lung FDG increases 1-2 weeks after monocrotaline (when PAH is mild) and is normalized by dichloroacetate and imatinib, which both also regress medial hypertrophy. Glut1 mRNA is up-regulated in both endothelium and PASMCs, but not airway cells or macrophages. PASMCs from monocrotaline rats are hyperproliferative and display normoxic activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which underlies their glycolytic phenotype.Conclusions: HIF-1α-mediated Glut1 up-regulation in proliferating vascular cells in PAH accounts for increased lung FDG-PET uptake. FDG-PET is sensitive to mild PAH and can monitor therapeutic changes in the vasculature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Owing to the risk of facial nerve damage and the creation of visible scars, surgical treatment of condylar mandible fractures using an extraoral approach remains controversial. The transoral endoscopically assisted approach of condylar fractures has been reported to avoid these complications. A prospective, randomized controlled, multicenter trial was performed to quantify the patient benefit after open reduction and internal fixation of condylar mandible fractures using endoscopically assisted treatment compared with surgical treatment without endoscopic assistance. Patients and Methods: Patients with dislocated uni-/bilateral condylar neck fractures were randomized to receive either nonendoscopic open reduction and internal fixation using an extraoral (submandibular, preauricular, retromandibular) approach or a transoral endoscopic procedure. The primary functional outcome measure was investigated using the asymmetric Helkimo dysfunction score at 8 to 12 weeks and 1 year after surgery. Results: A total of 74 patients were recruited between 2003 and 2006; the nonendoscopic extraoral group included 34 patients and the endoscopically assisted open reduction group included 40 patients. Comparable functional results were noted in both groups without any statistical significance. Endoscope-assisted treatment proved to be more time consuming. For the extraoral group, visible scars were rated by most of these patients as being cosmetically acceptable; however, a greater number of facial nerve injuries were reported. Conclusions: The treatment of condylar mandible fractures with a minimal invasive endoscopically assisted technique is reliable and may offer advantages for selected cases, particularly concerning the lower occurrence of facial nerve damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the long-term properties of fresh cold-stored osteochondral allograft tissue. We hypothesized fresh cold-stored tissue would yield superior material properties in an in vivo ovine model compared to those using freeze-thawed acellular grafts. In addition, we speculated that a long storage time would yield less successful grafts. We created 10-mm defects in medial femoral condyles of 20 sheep. Defects were reconstructed with allograft plugs stored at 4 degrees C for 1, 14, and 42 days; control specimens were freeze-thawed or defect-only. At 52 weeks, animals were euthanized and retrieved grafts were analyzed for cell viability, gross morphology, histologic grade, and biomechanical and biochemical analysis. Explanted cold-stored tissue had superior histologic scores over freeze-thawed and defect-only grafts. Specimens stored for 1 and 42 days had higher equilibrium moduli and proteoglycan content than freeze-thawed specimens. We observed no difference among any of the cold-stored specimens for chondrocyte viability, histology, equilibrium aggregate modulus, proteoglycan content, or hypotonic swelling. Reconstructing cartilage defects with cold-stored allograft resulted in superior histologic and biomechanical properties compared with acellular freeze-thawed specimens; however, storage time did not appear to be a critical factor in the success of the transplanted allograft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When weighing rapid approval for follow-on drugs, should @FDAOncology recognize the drugs that came before?

Background: The 72-h emergency department (ED) revisit rate is a key quality indicator. While some revisits stem from medical errors or inadequate initial treatment, others are due to disease progression or a lack of accessible care. The development of a risk assessment tool could identify high-risk patients and improve resource management., Methods: This study was conducted via an electronic health records system at a tertiary center in Taiwan. We derived a risk model via logistic regression and bootstrapping methods using a retrospective cohort of adults who underwent 72-h ED revisits between January 2019 and December 2020. The study population was divided into development (2019: 1224) and validation datasets (2020: 985). The primary outcome was high-risk return, defined as intensive care unit (ICU) admission or in-hospital mortality after 72-h ED return., Results: On the basis of the odds ratio, eight variables were independently associated with high-risk ED returns and subsequently included in the HANDLE-24 score (hypertension; symptoms of acute coronary syndrome; dysnatremia; dyspnea; liver disease; triage level escalation; and revisits within 24 h). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.816 (95% CI: 0.760-0.871, p < 0.001) in the development dataset and 0.804 (0.750-0.858) in the validation dataset. Patients can be divided into three risk categories on the basis of the HANDLE-24 score: low [0-8.5], moderate [9-11.5] and high [12-22] risk groups. The ability of our risk score to predict the rates of hospital admission, ICU admission and in-hospital mortality was significant according to the Cochran‒Armitage trend test., Conclusion: The HANDLE-24 score represents a simple tool that allows early risk stratification and suggests more aggressive therapeutic strategies for patients experiencing ED revisits. The risk of adverse outcomes in ED adults after revisiting can be swiftly assessed via easily available information., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The authors affirm that our study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and we followed professional ethical guidelines when preparing this work. These guidelines include maintaining ethical treatment and respect for the rights of human participants and ensuring the privacy of participants and their data, such as ensuring that individual participants cannot be identified in reported results or from publicly available original or archival data. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee/Institutional Review Board of TVGH (Protocol Number: 2021–06-027CC), which waived the requirement for informed patient consent because of the retrospective nature of the analysis. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Airway smooth muscle (ASM) dysfunction is a key factor in the narrowing of airways in asthma patients, characterized by excessive secretion of inflammatory factors, increased mass, and amplified contractile responses. These pathological features are instrumental in the propagation of airway inflammation, structural remodeling, and the escalation of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), which are also principal factors underlying the limitations of current therapeutic strategies. In asthmatic ASM, an imbalance between oxidant production and antioxidant defenses culminates in oxidative stress, which is involved in the excessive secretion of inflammatory factors, increased mass, and amplified contractile responses of ASM, and is a critical etiological factor implicated in the dysregulation of ASM function. The molecular pathways through which oxidative stress exerts its effects on ASM in asthma are multifaceted, with the Nrf2/HO-1, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt pathways being particularly noteworthy. These characteristic pathways play a potential role by connecting with different upstream and downstream signaling molecules and are involved in the amplification of ASM inflammatory responses, increased mass, and AHR. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the phenotypic expression of ASM dysfunction in asthma, the interplay between oxidants and antioxidants, and the evidence base and molecular underpinnings linking oxidative stress to ASM dysfunction. Given the profound implications of ASM dysfunction on the airflow limitation in asthma and the seminal role of oxidative stress in this process, a deeper exploration of these mechanisms is essential for unraveling the pathogenesis of asthma and may offer novel perspectives for its prophylaxis and management., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

CuO 6 octahedra usually show elongated distortion, leading to active d x 2 -y 2 orbitals and planar exchange interactions, while compressed CuO 6 octahedra with active d 3 z 2 - r 2 orbitals and unidirectional exchange interactions are exceptionally rare. Here, we design and synthesize a new frustrated antiferromagnet CaCuFe 2 O 5 through a high-pressure and high-temperature approach, in which robust compressed CuO 6 octahedra are realized, separating the Fe 2 O 5 sheets that comprise zigzag spin ladders. Magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements exhibit a long-range antiferromagnetic order below the Néel temperature of 165 K, which is further confirmed by neutron diffraction. Detailed magnetic refinement reveals a C-type spin structure, with its spin arrangement and orientation distinct from that of the isostructural CaFe 3 O 5 . By constructing a Heisenberg model, we find that this is due to the exchange redistribution between the CuO 6 octahedra and Fe 2 O 5 sheets, during which some of the exchange interactions are selectively annihilated due to the specific orientation of the Cu d 3 z 2 - r 2 orbitals in the compressed CuO 6 octahedra. Our results provide a unique example of robust compressed CuO 6 octahedra and show that it can selectively annihilate some of the exchange interactions and completely modify the spin structure and magnetic frustration accordingly.