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17. Criotettix longlingensis Zheng & Ou, 2003 Criotettix longlingensis Zheng & Ou, 2003, Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 28(4): 675 Specimens examined: P. R. CHINA: 1♂, Yunnan: Longling, 2002-IV-16; 1♂, Guangxi: Yizhou, 2003-V-12. Distribution: P. R. CHINA: Yunnan and Guangxi., Published as part of Deng, Wei-An, Chen, Dan-Ni, Sheng, Qin, Zhao, Cong-Lin & Wu, Fei-Peng, 2019, An annotated catalogue of the pygmy grasshoppers of the genus Criotettix Bol��var 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with two new Criotettix species from China, pp. 498-518 in Zootaxa 4629 (4) on page 507, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3274098, {"references":["Zheng, Z. M. & Ou, X. H. (2003) Four new species of Scelimenidae from Yunnan province (Orthoptera, Tetrigoidea). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 28 (4), 673 - 678."]}

23. Criotettix guangxiensis Deng, Zheng & Wei, 2006 Criotettix guangxiensis Deng, Zheng & Wei, 2006, Entomotaxonomia 28:256. Specimens examined: P. R. CHINA: 3♂ 4♀, Guangxi: Damingshan, 2005-VIII-26; 3♂ 3♀, Guangxi: Huanjiang, 2005-VII-13; 6♂ 9♀, Guangdong: Liuwanshan, 2005-VIII-23-25. Distribution: P. R. CHINA: Guangxi., Published as part of Deng, Wei-An, Chen, Dan-Ni, Sheng, Qin, Zhao, Cong-Lin & Wu, Fei-Peng, 2019, An annotated catalogue of the pygmy grasshoppers of the genus Criotettix Bol��var 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with two new Criotettix species from China, pp. 498-518 in Zootaxa 4629 (4) on page 508, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3274098, {"references":["Deng, W. A., Zheng, Z. M. & Wei, S. Z (2006) Three New Species of the Genus Criotettix Bolivar (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea: Scelimenidae) from Guangxi. Entomotaxonomia, 28 (4), 254 - 260"]}

11. Criotettix interrupta Zheng & Xie, 2002 Criotettix interrupta Zheng & Xie, 2002, Acta Entomologica Sinica, vol. 45(suppl.): 6���7, figs,1���3. Specimens examined: P. R. CHINA: 2♀, Guangxi: Beise, 1999-IX-23; 12♀, Yunnan: Funing, 2005-VIII-04. Distribution: P. R. CHINA: Guangxi and Yunnan., Published as part of Deng, Wei-An, Chen, Dan-Ni, Sheng, Qin, Zhao, Cong-Lin & Wu, Fei-Peng, 2019, An annotated catalogue of the pygmy grasshoppers of the genus Criotettix Bol��var 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with two new Criotettix species from China, pp. 498-518 in Zootaxa 4629 (4) on page 503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3274098, {"references":["Zheng, Z. M. & Xie, L. D. (2002) Two new species of the genus Criotettix Bolivar from Guangxi (Tetrigoidea: Scelimenidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 45 (Suppl.), 6 - 8"]}

2. Criotettix baiseensis Deng, Zheng & Wei, 2006 Criotettix baiseensis Deng, Zheng & Wei, 2006, Entomotaxonomia 28:254 Specimens examined: P. R. CHINA: 3♂ 1♀, Guangxi: Baise, 2005-VIII-7; 1♀, Guangxi: Huanjiang, 2005-VII-11. Distribution: P. R. CHINA: Guangxi.

15. Criotettix longispinus Deng, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–3) Description. Female (holotype). Body moderate-sized, elongated and slender. Head not exserted above pronotal surface. anterior margin of vertex straight in dorsal view and not protruding beyond eyes, 1.2 times wider than width of one eye; lateral margins turned backward; median carina reaching the middle of vertex. Vertex and frontal ridge forming an obtuse round shape in profile, frontal ridge protruding archly between antennae, width of longitudinal furrow distinctly narrower than width of first antennal segment. Antenna filiform, 15-segmented; length of a segment in middle of antenna about 5–6 times longer than its width, inserted between lower margins of eyes. Eyes globose. Lateral ocelli placed in middle of anterior margins of eyes. Disc of pronotum with sparse and coarse tubercles; in dorsal view, anterior margin of pronotum truncate, median carina of pronotum completed except median carina between prozona invisible, in profile anterior half of upper margin of pronotum undulated and posterior half straight. Lateral carinae of prozona constricted backwards, humeral angle nearly arched, abbreviated carinae between shoulders inconspicuous or absent, caudal end of pronotum narrow, long cone-shaped, apex slightly surpassing apex of hind tibia, length of hind process which surpassing behind apex of hind tibia about 2 mm. Lateral lobes of pronotum turning outwardly, posterior angles directed distinctly transversely, apex of posterior angles with long spines, length of spine longer than width of vertex, posterior margin of each lateral lobe of pronotum with two concavities. Tegmina long, ovate, apex rounded. Hind wings reaching apex of posterior process of pronotum. Lower margins of fore femora and midfemora almost straight and gentle serrated; width of middle femora distinct narrower than width of visible part of tegmina. Hind femur 3.7 times as long as wide, upper margin finely serrated and with a slightly large tooth before antegenicular (some individuals not obvious), lower margin smooth, antegenicular acute and genicular denticles right angled. Outer side of hind tibia with eight to nine spines, inner side with six to seven spines. Length of first segment of posterior tarsus longer than third, three pulvilli equal in length, apices of three pulvilli obtuse. Ovipositor narrow and long, length of upper valvulae 3.2 times its width, upper and lower valvulae with slender sawlike teeth. Length of subgenital plate nearly equal to its width, middle of posterior margin of subgenital plate with a triangular projecting. Body dark brown to yellow. Antenna dark brown. Hind wings black. Fore and middle femora dark brown, fore and middle tibia dark brown and with three light rings; hind femur brown to dark brown, hind tibia brown. Male. Similar to female, but smaller and narrower. Width of vertex equal to or slightly narrower than the width of an eye, hind wings of some individuals slightly surpassing apex of posterior process of pronotum. Subgenital plate cone-shaped. Measurements (mm). Length of body: ♂ 11.5–12.0 mm, ♀ 14.5–15.0 mm; length of pronotum: ♂ 19.0– 19.5 mm, ♀ 22.0–23.0 mm; length of hind femur: ♂ 7.0– 7.5 mm, ♀ 8.5–9.0 mm. Type material. Holotype: 1♀, 26 July 2017, collected by Wei-An DENG, EMHU. Paratypes. 10♂ 8♀, same data, type locality, EMHU. Type locality. China, Hainan prov., Wuzhishan (Wuzhishan National Forest Park) (Figure 8), 18°51.9674ʹ N, 109°40.9319ʹ E, 660m alt. Diagnosis. New species is similar to Criotettix japonicus (Haan, 1842) from which it differs in width of vertex 1.2 times wider than width of one eye in female (width of vertex 2.0 times wider than width of one eye in female in C. japonicus); length of a segment in middle of antenna about 5–6 times longer than its width (length of a segment in middle of antenna about 2 times longer than its width in C. japonicus); abbreviated carinae between shoulders inconspicuous or absent (with a pair of abbreviated carinae between shoulders); caudal end of pronotum surpassing apex of hind tibia (caudal end of pronotum reaching two-thirds of hind tibia). It appears similar also to Criotettix yunnanensis Zheng & Ou, 2003, but differs from the latter by lateral carinae of prozona constricted backwards (lateral keels of prozona parallel in C. yunnanensis); posterior angles of lateral lobes of pronotum with long spines (posterior angles of lateral lobes of pronotum acute and subspiniform in C. yunnanensis); upper margin of hind femur finely serrated and with a slightly large tooth before antegenicular (upper margin of hind femur smooth in C. yunnanensis). It appears similar also to Criotettix armigera (Walker, 1871), but differs from the latter by head not exserted above pronotal surface (head exserted above pronotal surface in C. armigera); width of vertex 1.2 times wider than width of one eye in female (width of vertex equal to or narrower than width of one eye in female in C. armigera); abbreviated carinae between shoulders inconspicuous or absent (with a pair of abbreviated carinae between shoulders in C. armigera); length of posterior angles spines of lateral lobes of pronotum longer than width of vertex (length of posterior angles spines of lateral lobes of pronotum shorter than width of vertex in C. armigera). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from “ long ” and “ spinus ”, meaning posterior angles of lateral lobes of pronotum with long spines. Distribution. P. R. CHINA: Hainan., Published as part of Deng, Wei-An, Chen, Dan-Ni, Sheng, Qin, Zhao, Cong-Lin & Wu, Fei-Peng, 2019, An annotated catalogue of the pygmy grasshoppers of the genus Criotettix Bolívar 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with two new Criotettix species from China, pp. 498-518 in Zootaxa 4629 (4) on pages 503-507, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3274098, {"references":["Haan, W. de. (1842). In: Temminck [ed.]. Verhandelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlansche Overzeesche Bezittingen. de Leden der Natuurkundige Commissie in Indie en andere Schrijvers, 16, 45 - 124","Zheng, Z. M. & Ou, X. H. (2003) Four new species of Scelimenidae from Yunnan province (Orthoptera, Tetrigoidea). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 28 (4), 673 - 678.","Walker, F. (1871) Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum. Part V. Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 811 - 850"]}

29. Criotettix brachynotus Zheng & Jiang, 1994 Criotettix brachynotus Zheng & Jiang, 1994, Guangxi Sciences, 1(2): 34. Specimens examined: P. R. CHINA: 1♀, Guangxi: Nanning, 2001-VII-12; 1♂ 1♀, Guangxi: Napo, 2000-VI-22.. Distribution: P. R. CHINA: Guangxi., Published as part of Deng, Wei-An, Chen, Dan-Ni, Sheng, Qin, Zhao, Cong-Lin & Wu, Fei-Peng, 2019, An annotated catalogue of the pygmy grasshoppers of the genus Criotettix Bol��var 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with two new Criotettix species from China, pp. 498-518 in Zootaxa 4629 (4) on page 513, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3274098, {"references":["Zheng, Z. M. & Jiang, G. F. (1994) Five new species of Tetrigoidea form Guangxi (Orthoptera). Guangxi Sciences, 1 (2), 32 - 36"]}

25. Criotettix undatifemurus Deng, sp. nov. (Figs. 4���6) Description. Female (holotype). Body small-sized, slender. Head not exserted above pronotal surface. anterior margin of vertex straight in dorsal view and not protruding beyond eyes, 0.8 times narrower than width of one eye; lateral margins turned backward; median carina reaching the middle of vertex. Frontal ridge slightly straight, it and vertex forming an obtuse round shape in profile, frontal ridge protruding archly between antennae, width of longitudinal furrow distinctly narrower than width of first antennal segment. Antenna filiform, 15-segmented; length of a segment in middle of antenna about 4���5 times longer than its width, inserted between lower margins of eyes. Eyes globose. Lateral ocelli placed in middle of anterior margins of eyes. Disc of pronotum coarsely, with numerous small tubercles and notchs; in dorsal view, anterior margin of pronotum truncate, median carina of pronotum completed except median carina before middle prozona invisible, median carina of pronotum lamellate elevated between anterior transverse sulcus and posterior transverse sulcus; in profile, upper margin of pronotum undulated. Lateral carinae of prozona thick and slightly constricted backwards; humeral angle nearly rounded, lateral margins of pronotum behind shoulders constricted inwards; disc of pronotum slightly convex between shoulders, with a pair of abbreviated carinae between shoulders; pronotum short, caudal end of pronotum narrow, long cone-shaped, apex slightly surpassing apex of hind femora and reaching base of hind tibia, length of hind process which surpassing behind apex of hind femora about 1.5 mm. Lateral lobes of pronotum turning outwardly, posterior angles directed distinctly transversely, apex of posterior angles acute and subspiniform, posterior margin of each lateral lobe of pronotum with two concavities. Tegmina long, ovate, apex sharply rounded. Hind wings reaching apex of posterior process of pronotum. Lower margins of fore femora slightly undulated and lower margins of midfemora distinct undulated; width of middle femora equal to or slightly wider than width of visible part of tegmina. Hind femur 3.0 times as long as wide, upper margin finely serrated and lower margin smooth, antegenicular right angled and genicular denticles acute. Outer side of hind tibia with five to seven spines, inner side with four to five spines. Length of first segment of posterior tarsus longer than third, first and second pulvillus small, third pulvillus slightly large, apices of three pulvilli acute. Ovipositor narrow and long, length of upper valvulae 3.5 times its width, upper and lower valvulae with slender sawlike teeth. Length of subgenital plate shorter than its width, middle of posterior margin of subgenital plate with a triangular projecting. Body brown.Antenna dark brown. Hind wings black. Fore and middle femora dark brown, fore and middle tibia dark brown and with three light rings; hind femur brown to dark brown, outer part and inner part lower side black; hind tibia dark brown. Male. Similar to female, but smaller and narrower. Length of hind process of pronotum which surpassing behind apex of hind femora about 1���1.5 mm, width of middle femora distinct wider than width of visible part of tegmina. Subgenital plate cone-shaped. Measurements (mm). Length of body: ♂ 7.5���8.0 mm, ♀ 8.5���9.0 mm; length of pronotum: ♂ 8.5���9.0mm, ♀ 9.5��� 10.0 mm; length of hind femur: ♂ 4.8���5.0mm, ♀ 5.8���6.0 mm. Type material. Holotype: 1♀, 31 July 2018, collected by Wei-An DENG, EMHU. Paratypes. 6♂ 4♀, same data, type locality, EMHU. Type locality. China, Yunnan prov., Mengla (Dachoushui) (Figure 8), 21��22.2536�� N, 101��31.4651�� E, 680m alt. Diagnosis. New species is similar to Criotettix shiwanshanensis Deng & Zheng, 2015 from which it differs in width of vertex 0.8 times narrower than width of one eye (width of vertex equal to width of one eye in C. shiwanshanensis); lateral margins of pronotum behind shoulders constricted inwards (lateral margins of pronotum behind shoulders without constricted inwards in C. shiwanshanensis); posterior angles of lobes of pronotum acute and subspiniform (posterior angles of lobes of pronotum with short spines in C. shiwanshanensis); lower margins of midfemora distinct undulated (lower margins of midfemora straight in C. shiwanshanensis). It appears similar also to Criotettix strictvertex Zheng, Wei & Li, 2009, but differs from the latter by disc of pronotum coarsely, with numerous small tubercles and notchs (disc of pronotum smooth in C. strictvertex); pronotum short, apex reaching base of hind tibia, length of hind process which surpassing behind apex of hind femora about 1.5 mm (pronotum long, apex reaching two-thirds of hind tibia, length of hind process which surpassing behind apex of hind femora about 4.5 mm in C. strictvertex); lower margins of fore femora undulated (lower margins of fore femora straight in C. strictvertex); median carina of lower margin of hind femur smooth (median carina of lower margin of hind femur with six to seven teeth in C. strictvertex)., Published as part of Deng, Wei-An, Chen, Dan-Ni, Sheng, Qin, Zhao, Cong-Lin & Wu, Fei-Peng, 2019, An annotated catalogue of the pygmy grasshoppers of the genus Criotettix Bol��var 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with two new Criotettix species from China, pp. 498-518 in Zootaxa 4629 (4) on page 509, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3274098, {"references":["Deng, W. A., Zheng, Z. M., Wei, S. Z., Lin, M. P. & Lin, L. L. (2015) Two new species of the genus Criotettix Bolivar (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae), with a key to the species of the genus from China. Neotropical Entomology, 44 (4), 448 - 456.","Zheng, Z. M., Wei, X. J. & Li, M. (2009) Five New Species of Tetrigoidea from China (Orthoptera). Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 28 (2), 141 - 147"]}

18. Criotettix hainanensis Liang, 2002 Criotettix hainanensis Liang, 2002, Acta Entomologica Sinica, 45:13. Specimens examined: P. R. CHINA: 6♂ 3♀, Hainan: Lingshui, 2017-VII-25; 4♂ 4♀, Guangxi: Beise, 2005-VIII-05; 1♂ 1♀, Guangxi: Qinzhou, 2005-II-17. Distribution: P. R. CHINA: Hainan and Guangxi., Published as part of Deng, Wei-An, Chen, Dan-Ni, Sheng, Qin, Zhao, Cong-Lin & Wu, Fei-Peng, 2019, An annotated catalogue of the pygmy grasshoppers of the genus Criotettix Bol��var 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with two new Criotettix species from China, pp. 498-518 in Zootaxa 4629 (4) on pages 507-508, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3274098, {"references":["Liang, G. Q. (2002) Two new species of Scelimenidae from Hainan province (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 45 (supplement), 13 - 15"]}

31. Criotettix interrupticostus Zheng, 2006 Criotettix interrupticostus Zheng, 2006, Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,31(2): 363, figs. 1���2. Specimens examined: P. R. CHINA: 2♂, Yunnan: Mengla, 2004-VII-25; 5♂ 9♀, Yunnan: Mengla, 2018-VII-27. Distribution: P. R. CHINA: Yunnan., Published as part of Deng, Wei-An, Chen, Dan-Ni, Sheng, Qin, Zhao, Cong-Lin & Wu, Fei-Peng, 2019, An annotated catalogue of the pygmy grasshoppers of the genus Criotettix Bol��var 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with two new Criotettix species from China, pp. 498-518 in Zootaxa 4629 (4) on page 513, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3274098, {"references":["Zheng, Z. M. (2006) Four new species of Tetrigoidea (Orthoptera) from Yunnan province, China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 31 (2), 363 - 368"]}

24. Criotettix nigripennis Wei, Zheng & Deng, 2007 Criotettix nigripennis Wei, Zheng & Deng, 2007, Zootaxa, 1423: 45. Specimens examined: P. R. CHINA: 1♂ 2♀, Guangxi: Damingshan, 2005-VIII-26; 1♀, Guangxi: Tiandeng, 2005- VII-13. Distribution: P. R. CHINA: Guangxi.

34. Criotettix latifemurus Deng, Zheng & Wei, 2006 Criotettix latifemurus Deng, Zheng & Wei, 2006, Entomotaxonomia, 28:254–261 Specimens examined: P. R. CHINA: 9♂ 4♀, Guangxi: Fangcheng, 2012-VIII-06; 3♂ 2♀, Guangxi: Damingshan, 2005-VII-26; 2♂ 4♀, Guangxi: Bama, 2005-VIII-31. Distribution: P. R. CHINA: Guangxi.

Criotettix Bolívar, 1887 Criotettix Bolívar, 1887, 31:222; Hancock, 1915,11: 82; Günther, 1938, 99: 131; Shishodia,1991, 140:35; Jiang and Zheng, 1998, 290; Liang and Zheng, 1998, 78; Zheng, 2005, 76; Deng, Zheng & Wei 2007, 64; Wei, Zheng & Deng, 2007, 1423: 39; Deng, Zheng, Wei, Lin & Lin, 2015, 44(4):449; Gupta, & Chandra, 2018, 4375(1):144. Type species: Criotettix bispinosus (Dalman, 1818) = Acrydium bispinosum Dalman, 1818 Redescription. Body size small to large (pronotum length of ♂ =7.0–20.0, ♀ =8.0–23.0 mm), elongated and slender. Head not exserted above upper level of pronotum. Width of vertex narrower than or equal to or wider than width of one eye (about 0.8–2.0 times), anterior margin of vertex straight or slightly arched in dorsal view, lateral margins slightly folded upwards, with median carina; in lateral view, frontal costa before eyes straight or sometimes obtuse round and protruding as an arch between antennae. In frontal view frontal carinae diverged above lateral ocelli, width of longitudinal furrow of frontal ridge narrower than or equal to or wider than width of diameter of antennal socket. Antennae filiform, 14 to 15-segmented, inserted between lower third anterior margin of eyes or between lower margin of eyes. Eyes globose. Lateral ocelli placed in slightly above middle or middle of inner margin of eye. Disc of pronotum flat, smooth or sometimes with coarse tubercles, anterior margin of pronotum truncate, median carina of pronotum completed or sometimes interrupted and elevated between anterior transverse sulcus and posterior transverse sulcus. Lateral carinae of prozona constricted backwards, humeral angle obtuse or nearly arched, abbreviated carinae between shoulders conspicuous or absent; caudal end of pronotum narrow, long coneshaped, apex not reaching, reaching or extending far beyond the apex of hind femora; posterior angles of lateral lobes of pronotum produced into sharp spines, straight or directed backwards, posterior margin of each lateral lobe of pronotum with two concavities. Tegmina long, ovate. Hind wings not reaching or reaching or surpassing apex of posterior process of pronotum. Upper and lower margins of fore femora and midfemora almost straight or sometimes undulated. Hind femur stout, upper and lower carinae slightly finely serrated; first segment of posterior tarsi longer than the third. Differential diagnosis. The morphology of Criotettix spp. is relatively homogeneous. Criotettix Bolívar can be easily distinguished from other genera of the subfamily Scelimeninae by head not exserted above upper level of pronotum; disc of pronotum flat, smooth or sometimes with finely tubercles; upper and lower margins of fore femora and midfemora almost straight or sometimes undulated, but without large tooth. Criotettix Bolívar is morphologically similar to the genus Eucriotettix Hebard. In Criotettix Bolívar, head not exserted above upper level of pronotum; but in Eucriotettix Hebard, head exserted above upper level of pronotum., Published as part of Deng, Wei-An, Chen, Dan-Ni, Sheng, Qin, Zhao, Cong-Lin & Wu, Fei-Peng, 2019, An annotated catalogue of the pygmy grasshoppers of the genus Criotettix Bolívar 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with two new Criotettix species from China, pp. 498-518 in Zootaxa 4629 (4) on page 499, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3274098, {"references":["Bolivar, I. (1887) Essai sur les Acridiens de la tribu des Tettigidae. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique, 31, 173 - 313.","Gunther, K. (1938) Revision der Acrydiinae (Orthoptera) II. Scelimenae spuriae. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 99, 117 - 148 & 161 - 230.","Shishodia, M. S. (1991) Taxonomy and Zoogeography of the Tetrigoidea (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea) of North Eastern India. Records of Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Papers, 140, 1 - 204.","Jiang, G. F. & Zheng, Z. M. (1998) Grasshoppers and Locusts from Guangxi. Guangxi Normal University Press, Guilin, 390 pp","Liang, G. Q. & Zheng, Z. M. (1998) Fauna Sinica, Insecta. Volume 12. Orthoptera, Tetrigoidea. Science Press, Beijing, China, 278 pp.","Zheng, Z. M. (2005) Fauna of the Tetrigoidea from Western China. Science Press, Beijing, China, 501 pp.","Deng, W. A., Zheng, Z. M. & Wei, S. Z. (2007) Fauna of Tetrigoidea from Yunnan and Guangxi. Science and Technology Press, Nanning, 458 pp.","Deng, W. A., Zheng, Z. M., Wei, S. Z., Lin, M. P. & Lin, L. L. (2015) Two new species of the genus Criotettix Bolivar (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae), with a key to the species of the genus from China. Neotropical Entomology, 44 (4), 448 - 456.","Dalman, J. W. (1818) Nagra nya Genera och species af Insecter beskrifna. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps. Akademiens Handlingar, 39, 69 - 89."]}

3. Criotettix longipennis Liang, 2002 Criotettix longipennis Liang, 2002, Acta Entomologica Sinica, 45(Suppl.):14, figs.3���4 Specimens examined: P. R. CHINA: 12♂ 8♀, Guangxi: Shanglin, 2005-VIII-26; 8♂ 8♀, Hainan: Limushan, 2017- VII-23. Distribution: P. R. CHINA: Guangxi and Hainan., Published as part of Deng, Wei-An, Chen, Dan-Ni, Sheng, Qin, Zhao, Cong-Lin & Wu, Fei-Peng, 2019, An annotated catalogue of the pygmy grasshoppers of the genus Criotettix Bol��var 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with two new Criotettix species from China, pp. 498-518 in Zootaxa 4629 (4) on pages 501-502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3274098, {"references":["Liang, G. Q. (2002) Two new species of Scelimenidae from Hainan province (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 45 (supplement), 13 - 15"]}

4. Criotettix triangularis Zheng, 2008 Criotettix triangularis Zheng, 2008, Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 33(1):133 Specimens examined: P. R. CHINA: 2♀, Yunnan: Jinghong, 2007-VII-30; 2♂ 8♀, Yunnan: Jinghong, 2018-VII-25. Distribution: P. R. CHINA: Yunnan., Published as part of Deng, Wei-An, Chen, Dan-Ni, Sheng, Qin, Zhao, Cong-Lin & Wu, Fei-Peng, 2019, An annotated catalogue of the pygmy grasshoppers of the genus Criotettix Bol��var 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with two new Criotettix species from China, pp. 498-518 in Zootaxa 4629 (4) on page 502, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3274098, {"references":["Zheng, Z. M. (2008) Two new species of Scelimenidae from southwest Yunnan (Orthoptera, Tetrigoidea). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 33 (1), 133 - 135"]}

19. Criotettix bispipnosus (Dalman, 1818) Acrydiuim bispinosus Dalman 1818, Vetensk Akad. Handl., 39:77. Criotettix bispinosus (Dalman); Bolívar 1887, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., 31: 226. Specimens examined: P. R. CHINA: 6♂ 4♀, Guangxi: Fangchen, 2012-X-05; 14♂ 4♀, Guangxi: Huanjiang, 2017- VII-15; 11♂ 18♀, Yunnan: Jinghong, 2018-VII-26; 4♂ 4♀, Zhejiang, Yueqing, 2018-VIII-10. Distribution: Southern China and India, Myanmar, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea., Published as part of Deng, Wei-An, Chen, Dan-Ni, Sheng, Qin, Zhao, Cong-Lin & Wu, Fei-Peng, 2019, An annotated catalogue of the pygmy grasshoppers of the genus Criotettix Bolívar 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with two new Criotettix species from China, pp. 498-518 in Zootaxa 4629 (4) on page 508, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3274098, {"references":["Dalman, J. W. (1818) Nagra nya Genera och species af Insecter beskrifna. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps. Akademiens Handlingar, 39, 69 - 89.","Bolivar, I. (1887) Essai sur les Acridiens de la tribu des Tettigidae. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique, 31, 173 - 313."]}

12. Criotettix interruptaoides Deng & Zheng, 2015 Criotettix interruptaoides Deng et Zheng, 2015, In Deng, Zheng, Wei, Lin & Lin, Neotropical Entomology, 44(4):449 Specimens examined: P. R. CHINA: 1♂ 4♀, Guangxi: Longzhou, 2012-VIII-03; 3♂ 3♀, Guangxi: Shangsi, 2012- VII-24; 2♂, Guangxi: Fangcheng, 2012-X-03. Distribution: P. R. CHINA: Guangxi.

38. Criotettix brevipennis Zheng & Xie, 2002 Criotettix brevipennis Zheng & Xie, 2002, Entomologica Sinica, 45 suppl. 7���8. figs. 4���7. Specimens examined: P. R. CHINA: 1♂ 2♀, Guangxi: Baise, 1999-IX-23; 1♂ 1♀, Yunnan: Shizong, 2006-VIII-05. Distribution: P. R. CHINA: Guangxi and Yunnan., Published as part of Deng, Wei-An, Chen, Dan-Ni, Sheng, Qin, Zhao, Cong-Lin & Wu, Fei-Peng, 2019, An annotated catalogue of the pygmy grasshoppers of the genus Criotettix Bol��var 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with two new Criotettix species from China, pp. 498-518 in Zootaxa 4629 (4) on page 514, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3274098, {"references":["Zheng, Z. M. & Xie, L. D. (2002) Two new species of the genus Criotettix Bolivar from Guangxi (Tetrigoidea: Scelimenidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 45 (Suppl.), 6 - 8"]}

22. Criotettix nigrifemurus Zheng & Deng, 2004 Criotettix nigrifemurus Zheng & Deng, 2004, Entomotaxonomia, 26(2): 91-92. Specimens examined: P. R. CHINA: 1♀, Guangxi: Yizhou, 2003-VI; 1♂ 3♀, Guangxi: Bama, 2005-VIII-30; 1♂, Guangdong: Fengkai, 2014-VII-03. Distribution: P. R. CHINA: Guangxi and Guangdong., Published as part of Deng, Wei-An, Chen, Dan-Ni, Sheng, Qin, Zhao, Cong-Lin & Wu, Fei-Peng, 2019, An annotated catalogue of the pygmy grasshoppers of the genus Criotettix Bol��var 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with two new Criotettix species from China, pp. 498-518 in Zootaxa 4629 (4) on page 508, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3274098, {"references":["Zheng, Z. M. & Deng, W. A. (2004) Seven new species of the North in Guangxi (Orthoptera). Entomotaxonomia, 26 (2), 91 - 103"]}

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is a powerful imaging tool providing high resolution and optical sectioning. In its standard optical configuration, a pair of confocal pinholes is used to reject out-of-focus light. The diffraction limited resolution can be broken by reducing the confocal pinhole size. But this comes at the cost of extremely low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The limited SNR problem can be solved by image scanning microscopy (ISM), in which the single-point detector of a regular point-scanning confocal microscopy is substituted with an array detector such as CCD or CMOS, thus the two-fold super-resolution imaging can be achieved by pixel reassignment and deconvolution. However, the practical application of ISM is challenging due to its limited image acquisition speed. Here, we present a hybrid microscopy technique, named multifocal refocusing after scanning using helical phase engineering microscopy (MRESCH), which combines the double-helix point spread function (DH-PSF) engineering with multifocal structured illumination to dramatically improve the image acquisition speed. In the illumination path, sparse multifocal illumination patterns are generated by a digital micromirror device for parallel imaging information acquisition. In the detection path, a phase mask is introduced to modulate the conventional PSF to the DH-PSF, which provides volumetric information, and meanwhile, we also present a digital refocusing strategy for processing the collected raw data to recover the wild-filed image from different sample layers. To demonstrate imaging capabilities of MRESCH, we acquire the images of mitochondria in live HeLa cells and make a detailed comparison with those from the wide-field microscopy. In contrast to the conventional wide-field approach, the MRESCH can expand the imaging depth in a range from –1 μm to 1 μm. Next, we sample the F-actin of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells to characterize the lateral resolution of the MRESCH. The results show that the MRESCH has a better resolution capability than the conventional wide-field illumination microscopy. Finally, the proposed image scanning microscopy can record three-dimensional specimen information from a single multi-spot two-dimensional scan, which ensures faster data acquisition and larger field of view than ISM.

This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of the subclassification of pT2 gastric cancers according to the depth of tumor involvement. We retrospectively collected clinicopathological data and survival outcomes for pT2 gastric cancer patients from 2006 to 2011. Patients were classified into the superficial muscularis propria (sMP) and deep muscularis propria (dMP) groups. Eighty-nine patients had sMP gastric cancers and 90 patients had dMP gastric cancers. The rates of lymph node metastasis for the sMP and dMP groups were 55.1% and 64.4%, respectively, P = 0.202. The 5-year overall survival (OS) of patients in the sMP group was significantly better than patients in the dMP group (76% vs 61%, P = 0.018). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and postoperative chemotherapy were prognostic risk factors for the OS. For patients with pN0 stage tumor(s), the sMP group had a significantly better 5-year OS rate than the dMP group (92% vs 62%, P = 0.004); for patients with pN1–N3 stages, the 5-year OS rates were comparable between the sMP and dMP groups (64% vs 61%, P = 0.540). The subclassification of pT2 gastric cancer into the sMP and dMP groups can demonstrate different survival outcomes according to the lymph node status. However, the pT2 stage subclassification in the next tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging system is pending and requires more large sample size studies to confirm its importance.

The development of nanoscale single-molecule localization and tracking technology for multiple bio-molecules in intact cells has important significance for studying the dynamic process in life process. Since most of cells are several microns in depth, but the focal depth of traditional optical microscopes are less than one micron, the limited depth of field is the main drawback of conventional single molecular localization microscopy that prevents observation and tracking of multiple molecules in intact cells. In this paper, based on the wavefront coding technique, a new type of holographic phase plate with high efficiency is proposed and designed to extend the depth of field of single molecular localization microscopy, which combines the distorted multi-value pure-phase grating (DMVPPG) with the double-helix point spread function (DH-PSF). The DMVPPG can be used to realize multiplane imaging of several tens of layers of a sample in a single detection plane. And the DH-PSF is an engineered point spread function which encodes the lateral and axial position with high precision of a molecule in the center of its two lobes and the angle between them respectively. Using the combined holographic phase plate, the molecules in dozens layers of a whole cell can be simultaneously imaged on the same detection plane with DH-PSF. Not only can the axial resolving power be improved, but the imaging depth can also be extended without scanning. Adding such a holographic phase plate to the imaging path, the limited imaging depth problem in single-molecule-localization microscopy can be solved without sacrificing the localization accuracy. The proposed new type of holographic phase plate can also be implemented with a spatial light modulator. In the following numerical simulation experiments, the designed holographic phase plate is composed of 600×600 pixels with a pixel size of 10 μm. The distance between two adjacent focal planes is designed to be 0.5 μm. Such a holographic phase plate is placed on the Fourier transform plane of the detection light path. When an emitter is located on the focal plane, it can be imaged as two lobes without rotation in a center area of the field of view. If an emitter is -6 μm away from the focal plane, the DH-PSF appears in the upper-left area of the field of view. Simulation results demonstrate that a total of 25 sample layers can be simultaneously imaged on the single detection plane and the 12 μm detection range can be achieved, thus proving the feasibility of this method.

Two-photon excitation fluorescence (2PEF) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) are both third-order nonlinear optical processes, but for a long time, the true relationship and differences between them are not clearly understood. For decades, the second harmonic generation has been studied in conjunction with two-photon excitation fluorescence, so it was thought that the latter was a second-order nonlinear optical process. In order to make the two nonlinear interaction processes clear enough, the two nonlinear interaction processes are worthy to study at the same time. In this paper, firstly, we give the relationships between the 2PEF, CARS signal and their third-order nonlinear susceptibility, respectively; secondly, we use our own near infrared super-continuum CARS microscopy system to study both processes. In doing so, we describe the relationship between their third-order nonlinear susceptibility and the signal. The reconstructed images derived from CARS and those derived from 2PEF differ significantly when imaging the same 1.01 $\muup$m fluorescence polystyrene beads. If the lateral spatial resolution of the CARS imaging system is larger than the fluorescence polystyrene beads, the measured size cannot be used to calculate the real spatial resolution of the CARS system. However, the resolution of the 2PEF microscopy system can be obtained through the de-convolution of the 2PEF image, which is approximately equivalent to the current resolution of the CARS imaging system, which is measured using 280 nm polystyrene beads. The images of 280 nm polystyrene beads and 190 nm fluorescent polystyrene beads also exhibit differences between the two samples and the environment around them, respectively. This means that although CARS and 2PEF are both third-order nonlinear optical processes, they have their own properties. In particular, CARS is a third-order nonlinear optical oscillation process which is caused by the phasing match condition, but 2PEF is not influenced by the phasing match condition. The phase matching condition is responsible for the differences around the sample in the images of the 280 nm pure polystyrene beads, but not for the 190 nm fluorescent polystyrene beads. The de-convolution results for the 1.01 $\muup$m fluorescence polystyrene beads and the 280 nm pure polystyrene beads are very similar, so we can use the de-convolution results for 2PEF by the 1.01 $\muup$m fluorescence polystyrene beads to approximate the current measure condition and the resolution of the CARS imaging system. If we want to gain a more accurate resolution from the CARS imaging system, the spherical sample should be smaller than the lateral spatial resolution of this system.

In this paper, we analyze the process of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) based on quantum theory and set up a traditional point-scanning CARS microscope. With this microscope, high-contrast images of polystyrene microspheres are obtained. By scanning polystyrene beads with 110 nm diameter, we reconstruct the point spread faction (PSF) of the system. And the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the PSF shows a lateral resolution about 600 nm, which is larger than the theoretical value (～ 300 nm). Therefore, we propose several resolution-improvement approaches, which lay a strong foundation for the realization of nano-CARS microscopy.

An approach to breaking through the diffraction limitation in infrared microscopies is put forward in this paper. In this method, instead of Gaussian pump beam, an intensive vortex beam is first focused on the sample, leading to the saturation absorption of peripheral molecules in the point spread function (PSF). The vortex beam is followed by a Gaussian probe beam with the same wavelength. Because of the previous saturation absorption, the probe beam can only be absorbed by the molecules near the center, resulting in a shrunk PSF which means super-resolution. Furthermore, the PSF of a system based on this approach is numerically simulated. With a 100 nJ pulse energy vortex beam and a 0.1 nJ pulse energy probe beam, the theoretical resolution FWHM (full width at half maximum) is measured to be about 236 nm which is 14 times better than that of the traditional infrared microscopy.

The super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) technique enhances image spatial resolution by evaluating the independent stochastic intensity fluctuations of emitters. In principle, it eliminates any noise uncorrelated temporally, and provides unlimited spatial resolution since the calculation of the nth-order cumulant followed by a deconvolution results in an image with n-fold resolution improvement in three dimensions. But in practice, due to limited data length, the statistical uncertainty of cumulants will affect the continuity and homogeneity of SOFI image, which results in the fact that the high order SOFI (typically over 3rd order) cannot improve spatial resolution significantly. Since the variance characterizes the statistical uncertainty of cumulant, we deduce its theoretical expression based on a single dataset. In traditional SOFI techniques, due to lack of statistical analysis of cumulant, there is no noise constraint condition of cumulant in the Lucy-Richardson deconvolution to prevent the algorithm from causing noise amplification. In this paper, based on the cumulant variance formula, we calculate the cumulant standard deviation in each pixel of SOFI image and introduce the results into the Lucy-Richardson algorithm as a DAMPAR to suppress the noise generation in such pixels. The simulation and experimental results show that under the same data length, the deconvolution optimization based on cumulant standard deviation significantly improves the uniformity and continuity of SOFI image. On the other hand, under the premise of identical image quality, this optimization technique can also greatly shorten the image frames to less than half the original, thus promoting the development of super-resolution imaging of living cells.

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy can break through the optical diffraction limit by applying the additional probe beam induced phonon depletion (APIPD). Using this method, we can obtain a spatial resolution beyond the optical diffraction limit by introducing a doughnut additional probe beam to deplete phonons at the periphery of the focal spot. To achieve higher spatial resolution and better phase matching conditions, it is necessary to use high numerical aperture objectives, whereas scalar diffraction theory is no longer valid. According to the full vector diffraction theory, we calculate the intensity distributions at the focal plane when the linearly and circularly polarized lights pass through a spiral phase plate and an objective with high numerical aperture successively. The result shows that the circular polarization can generate the perfectly doughnut-shaped focal spot, which is more suitable for the additional beam than the linear polarization induced beam. Furthermore, we analyze the APIPD induced CARS process with the full quantum theory. Simulations indicate that a spatial resolution as high as 45 nm could be realized when the ratio between the intensities of additional probe and probe is 80. And the spatial resolution turns higher with increasing the power of additional probe.

In a fluorescent nano-resolution microscope based on single molecular localization, drift of focal plane will bring an additional deviation to the accuracy of single molecular localization. Consequently, this will reduce the final resolution of the reconstructed image and cause image degradation. Therefore, it is vital to control the system drift to a minimum level as much as possible. In recent years, the anti-drift ways emerged in endlessly. In this paper we made a systematic study aiming at the method in which optical measurement and negative feedback control are used. The basic principle and its implementation of the system are analyzed, and possible error is also evaluated. Finally, the precision of the system is tested experimentally. With this device, axial drift can be detected and corrected automatically in time, and the axial anti-drift accuracy as high as 9.93 nm can be achieved, which is one order higher than that of the existing commercial microscopies.

Profile of a dark hollow beam in sub-diffraction -limit imaging is of crucial importance for its spatial resolution when using the coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy, as far as the imaging quality is concerned. Therefore, the generation of dark hollow beams through a vortex phase plate will be theoretically analyzed based on the Fresnel diffraction theory. Influences of different incidence conditions on the intensity distribution of the generated dark hollow beams are also investigated. And it is shown that a perfect dark hollow beam could be produced when a Gaussian beam is vertically incident upon a first-order vortex phase plate, with the incident light wavelength equal to that of the phase plate. However, both the circular symmetry of the incident beam's intensity distribution and the alignment between the centers of Gaussian beam and phase plate may affect the intensity distribution of the dark hollow beam, which will almost be in circular symmetry though it may shift some distance from the image center when at a small incident angle. Furthermore, the dark hollow beam's intensity distribution will scarcely change when the central wavelength deviation is very small from the incidence light and the phase plate. These results may be of great value in generation of perfect dark hollow beams in sub-diffraction –limit imaging by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy.

We provide an approach to breaking the diffraction limit in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy and report a theoretical analysis of detection limit (DL) forit. The additional probe beam, whose profile is doughnut shaped and wavelength is different from the size of Gaussian probe beam, interacts with the coherent phonons at the rim of the diffraction-limited spot to increase theresolution by re-engineering the point spreadfunction of the system. The signal strength reduces with the size of focal volume decreasing, besides, when CARS is used in biology, the molecules of interest are usually in low concentration, which makes the signal detection more difficult. Accordingly, a remaining crucial problem is whether the reduced signal generated in the suppressed focal volume can be detected from the noise background and the analysis of DL, so it is an important precise in implementation of CARS nanoscopy. We describe T-CARS process with full quantum theory and estimate the extreme power density levels of the pump and Stokes beams determined by saturation behavior of coherent phonons. When the pump and Stokes intensities reach such extreme values and total intensity of the excitation beams arrives at a maximum tolerable by most biological samples in acertain suppressed focal volume, the DL of T-CARS nanoscopy correspondingly varies with the exposure time. For an attainable spatial resolution of ～40 nm in three dimension and areasonable exposure time of 20 ms, the DL in the suppressed focal volume is approximately ～103. The signal can be well detected from the noise fluctuation only if the number of molecules of interest exceeds this limit.

Evolutions of ultrashort pulse in time and frequency domain are modeled based on the nonlinear schrödinger equation by predictor-corrector split-step flourier method when the pulse travels in an all normal dispersion photonic crystal fiber. And the influences of the pulse duration and energy on generated continuum are also investigated. It is shown that a single pulse is maintained in the time domain and that a larger spectrum broadening is achieved with higher peak power. When the fiber is pumped by an unchirped Gaussian pulse centred at 1060 nm with duration about 50 fs and energy 1.5 nJ, good continuum is available after only 12 cm traveling distance with fine continuity and coherence. And a perfect continuum is achieved with duration about 15 fs and spectrum about 700 nm after pulse compression by a pair of prisms.

Double helix point spread function possesses continuously rotating invariant features with defocus, and it can be used for performing nano-resolution image of thick samples and for studying singleparticle tracking by combining the single-molecule localization method. However, the inadequacy of the original double helix point spread function is that the transfer function efficiency is very low, so it is difficult to achieve photon limited applications for the bio-imaging. The double-helix point spread function is optimized by introducing an iterative algorithm so that the constraints of the point spread function can be optimized best in three different domains: the Laguerre-Gauss modal plane, the spatial domain, and the Fourier domain. The simulation results show that the peak intensity of high efficiency double helix point spread function is 30 times higher than the original one. The design and fabrication of the phase plate are also proposed. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions, thus proving the feasibility of this method.

The development of real-time single-molecule detection and tracking technology in time and space for multiple bio-molecules in intact cells has important significance for the study on molecular behaviors in life processes. However, limited depth of field is the main drawback of conventional microscopy that prevents observation and tracking of multiple molecules in intact cells. Based on the principle of wavefront coding, the design and fabrication of a novel diffractive optical element (DOE) which combines a distorted diffraction grating with a double-helix point spread function (PSF) phase plate so that it can simultaneously perform multi-plane imaging with double-helix PSF and realize an extended depth of field is presented. Experiments have been carried out on a self-built microscopic system based on the novel DOE, showing that a depth of field can be up to 12 μm. Experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions, thus proving the feasibility of this method.

The combination of switch effect and single molecule positioning can realize the sample super diffraction resolution imaging, and double helix point spread function will be a single molecular orientation nanometer resolution extending from two dimensions to three dimensions. In this paper, three-dimensional (3D) positioning accuracy of the double helix point spread function is discussed. First, the theoretical localization accuracy for an unbiased estimator of the double-helix point spread function is compared with that for 3D localization using Fisher information and the influences of localization accuracy including photon number, varying levels of background and pixel size are analyzed. Second, based on the localization algorithm of gaussian fitting, which is usually adopted in data analysis of single molecular orientation in the experimental process, the axial localization accuracy of double helix point spread function is obtained by the error transfer function law. Computer simulation results show that under the condition of more than 1000 photons in number, the positioning accuracy of gaussian fitting localization algorithm and theory localization accuracy of Fisher information are in good agreement. The discussion of the paper provides not only the theoretical basis for 3D positioning accuracy of double helix point spread function, but also the theoretical guidance for the experiment at the same time.