Search

This paper is concerned with the nonfragile predictive control problem for the networked control system (NCS) with input delay and network-induced time delays (NITDs). First, the transmission strategy governed by redundant channels is introduced to reduce the occurrence of data packet dropout between the sensor and the observer. Moreover, the event-triggered mechanism (ETM) is employed to save the network resources, where the maximum triggered interval is given. Subsequently, a nonfragile networked predictive control scheme (NPCS) is designed to address the input delay and the NITDs. Accordingly, the sufficient criterion ensuring mean-square exponential stability (MSES) is derived by employing the Lyapunov–Krasovskii stability theorem. Both the observer gain matrix (OGM) and the controller gain matrix (CGM) are gained through solving the nonlinear minimization problem with convex constraints. Finally, a simulation example is utilized to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed main results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The state estimation (SE) problem is addressed for state‐saturated complex networks (CNs) contaminated by the random mixed couplings. Such coupling phenomenon consists of the random inner coupling and the random outer coupling, where the random inner coupling is reflected by multiplicative noise and the random outer coupling is described by random variable obeying uniform distribution. In order to reduce resource waste and calculation cost, the additional auxiliary variable method is employed to construct the dynamic event‐triggered communication condition, which can more effectively represent the change of information demand. Accordingly, a novel partial‐nodes‐based (PNB) estimator is designed in the presence of general nonlinearity and state‐saturated nonlinearity, which can estimate the whole states of network nodes with the aid of the measurement information from partial nodes. The appropriate estimator gain is obtained to ensure that the upper bound of estimation error covariance (UBEEC) is minimized. Moreover, sufficient condition is given to guarantee that the trace of the UBEEC is uniformly bounded. Finally, the numerical example is presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed PNB estimation algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the boundedness and stability of the nonlinear hybrid stochastic differential delay equation (NHSDDE) disturbed by Lévy noise (LN). Different from the previous systems with Markovian switching, not only different parameters under different modes, but also different structures under different modes are considered, where a novel Lyapunov function is constructed to handle the impacts of different structures under different modes. Without the linear growth condition, the existence of the global solution is proved for the NHSDDE with LN. Then, the M‐matrix technique is applied to build some reasonable theorems upon the vth moment asymptotic boundedness, the vth moment exponential stability and the almost surely exponential stability for the NHSDDE driven by LN. An approach to solving the admissible upper bound of the time‐delay derivative is given for guaranteeing the asymptotic boundedness and the exponential stability of the global solution. Finally, two numerical examples and homologous simulated outcomes are provided to indicate the usefulness of the presented theoretical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The partial-nodes-based state estimation (PNBSE) problem is investigated for discrete time-varying nonlinear complex networks subject to stochastic inner coupling strength (SICS) and random sensor delay. The SICS is described by multiplicative noise. The random sensor delay with uncertain occurrence probability is modeled by a sequence of random variables, which is governed by Bernoulli distribution. For the sake of reducing the network transmission burden, a novel state estimator is constructed based on an event-triggered communication mechanism. By means of solving two recursive matrix equations, the upper bound of estimation error covariance (UBEEC) is calculated, and the appropriate gain matrix is selected to minimize the obtained UBEEC. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed estimation algorithm is verified, where the monotonicity analysis is shown between the trace of UBEEC and the occurrence probability of random sensor delay. Conclusively, a simulation example is adopted to illustrate the feasibility of PNBSE method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scheme 1. Schematic diagram of ZIF-8-based cascade amplification nanobioreactor for the detection of MP in fruits and vegetables. [Display omitted] • A cascaded scale-up nanobioreactor based on ZIF-8 was designed. • AChE/CHO@ZIF-8 was a target identification and signal amplification unit. • This ZIF-8-based nanoreactor improves the catalytic efficiency of cascade enzymes. • Dual-emission GSH-AuNCs have excellent luminescence due to ZIF-8 constraining. • The biosensor successfully achieved the detection of MP in fruits and vegetables. In this study, a cascade nanobioreactor was developed for the highly sensitive detection of methyl parathion (MP) in food samples. The simultaneous encapsulation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline oxidase (CHO) in a zeolitic imidazole ester backbone (ZIF-8) effectively improved the stability and cascade catalytic efficiency of the enzymes. In addition, glutathione-stabilized gold nanoclusters (GSH-AuNCs) were encapsulated in ZIF-8 by ligand self-assembly, conferring excellent fluorescence properties. Acetylcholine (ATCh) is catalyzed by a cascade of AChE/CHO@ZIF-8 as well as Fe(II) to generate hydroxyl radicals (·OH) with strong oxidizing properties. The ·OH radicals then oxidize Au(0) in GSH-AuNCs@ZIF-8 to Au(I), resulting in fluorescence quenching. MP, as an inhibitor of AChE, hinders the cascade reaction and thus restores the fluorescence emission, enabling its quantitative detection. The limit of detection of the constructed nanobioreactor for MP was 0.23 µg/L. This MOF-based cascade nanobioreactor has great potential for the detection of trace hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the event-triggered set-membership state estimation problem for discrete delayed linear systems over sensor networks, where noises are unknown but bounded. For the purpose of saving limited communication resources between sensor nodes, a novel adaptive dynamic event-triggered mechanism is applied to reduce the frequency of data transmission. Based on the topological structure of sensor networks and the event-triggered condition, a distributed set-membership state estimator is designed to ensure that the states and estimation errors are restricted within the corresponding zonotopes. The appropriate gain matrices of the estimator are selected to minimize the F-radius of the zonotopes, where the augmented estimation error is located at every instant. In order to avoid the huge computational load caused during the estimation iteration process, the reduction operator is introduced to find a compromise between the conservative of the zonotopic estimation results and the complexity of operation. Finally, a numerical example is offered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed event-triggered zonotopic set-membership state estimation algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • provideing a novel hydrothermal method for simple and rapid synthesis of core–shell Fe 3 O 4 @ZIF-8 composite. • The synthesized Fe 3 O 4 @ZIF-8 possessed mimetic properties and good catalytic effect. • The proposed sensor presented good characteristics in terms of stability and high sensitivity for the detection of MP. • The proposed sensor was successfully utilized to detect MP content in cabbages. Methyl parathion (MP) is a broad-spectrum agricultural insecticide. Human exposure to MP can affect the nervous, cardiovascular, and hepatic systems. In this research, a core–shell Fe 3 O 4 @zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) is developed as a peroxidase mimic for the rapid and simple colorimetric detection of MP. Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were wrapped with ZIF-8 by a hydrothermal method to obtain core–shell structural Fe 3 O 4 @ZIF-8 nanocomposites. The synthesized Fe 3 O 4 @ZIF-8 possessed mimetic properties and effectively catalyzed the conversion of transparent solution to blue upon the oxidation of 3, 3′, 5, 5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by H 2 O 2. Further, based on a classical reaction through acetylthiocholine chloride (ATCl) and cholesterol oxidase (ChOx), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) can generate H 2 O 2 , and that MP can exert an inhibitory effect on AChE. Within the range of 10 to 200 µg/L, the MP concentration demonstrated a remarkable linear response with the absorbance under optimum conditions, with a detection limit of 6.3 μg/L. Finally, the proposed approach enabled the detection of MP in cabbage. As an artificial peroxidase, Fe 3 O 4 @ZIF-8 demonstrated greater affinity for the substrate than horseradish peroxidase, which has a great application prospects in food safety and environmental safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a multidimensional corpus English teaching model is constructed using the data-driven model. This study uses a data-driven collection of massive amounts of data to generate a multidimensional corpus. The data-driven generation of a multidimensional corpus to build a teaching model is studied, and the principle of data driven, the computational process, and the characteristics of the corpus are analyzed. Due to the deficiency of data-driven modeling without correlating process variables with quality variables, this study adopts an artificial intelligence algorithm and analyzes the basic principle, computational process, and advantages and disadvantages of the method. The model is simulated and verified for multidimensional corpus and English teaching. To address the shortcomings of the AI algorithm, which has a complex computation process and no orthogonal decomposition of the data space, the autoregressive latent structure projection algorithm is designed by integrating the autoregressive idea with the artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm. This algorithm can orthogonally decompose the sample data space and simplify the modeling process. Finally, the algorithm is validated by simulation. To verify the results of the teaching model, the fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is combined with the autoregressive latent structure projection algorithm in this study. The sample data used in the modeling are divided into categories, and the affiliation function is calculated for each category. The affiliation function is used to calculate the affiliation of the online calculation results for each category, and the final evaluation results are obtained based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Finally, taking junior students as an example, the simulation is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the English teaching model. The research results show that the corpus-based English flipped classroom teaching model improves English teaching methods, enhances students' English proficiency and independent learning ability, and provides a practical basis for English teaching model exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper concentrates on discussing several types of asymptotic stability and continuity for the nonlinear hybrid stochastic differential equation (NHSDE) with randomly occurring delay. Different from the time delay considered in previous studies, we discuss the randomly occurring time-varying delay characterized by the random variable subject to the Bernoulli distribution. The existence and uniqueness of the maximal local solution and the global solution to the NHSDE are investigated by using some classical inequalities and the stochastic analysis theory. Then, by means of the delay-dependent Lyapunov functional method and the M-matrix technique, some novel sufficient conditions are given to ensure that the trivial solution can achieve the pth moment asymptotic stability, the almost surely asymptotic stability, the pth moment continuity and the continuity in probability. The stability and continuity criteria established in this paper include the upper bound of the time-varying delay and are less conservative. In the end, two numerical examples and corresponding computer simulations are provided to verify the validity of the presented theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the problem of finite-time stabilization for the multi-rate networked control system with network-induced time delays. In order to guarantee the finite-time stability and overcome the adverse impact of network-induced time delays in both sensor-to-controller channel and controller-to-actuator channel, a networked predictive control strategy is proposed based on multi-rate sampling mechanism. By utilizing the techniques of lifting and augmenting, the augmented closed-loop system is derived with a uniform sampling rate. By applying the Lyapunov stability theorem, sufficient conditions are established such that the multi-rate networked control system can be finite-time stabilized. Furthermore, the gain matrices are determined for the observer and the controller by solving bilinear matrix inequality or linear matrix inequality. Finally, a numerical example is presented to show the validity of the obtained results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to solve the quantised control problem of the continuous‐time uncertain Markovian jump systems with mixed time delays and partly known transition probabilities. For the Markov chain, the transition rates are assumed to be partly known. The involved mixed time delays comprise both time‐varying delays and distributed delays. The logarithmic quantiser is introduced in the design of the state feedback controller and the uncertainty is entered into the quantization error matrix represented by an interval matrix. Based on the generalised Itô's formula, the free‐connection weighting matrix method and the stochastic analysis theory, several novel sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee that the trivial solution of the closed‐loop system is robustly exponentially stable in the mean square. Then, the concrete expression form of the desired controller gain is obtained via the solutions to a set of linear matrix inequalities. In addition, the corresponding stability criteria are given for three special situations of Markovian jump systems. Finally, a numerical example and a practical example (the wheeled mobile manipulator) are provided to show the feasibility and availability of the proposed theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Texture-based classification allows to relate mineral location and texture changes during cooking of bean seeds. • Texture is positively correlated to cell wall-bound Ca2+ in cooked beans after storage. • Pectin DM in aged beans decreased with longer storage times. • Exogenous Ca2+ mainly crosslinked with pectin during cooking in CaCl 2 -treated beans. • Cotyledon cell wall-bound Ca2+ affected the cooking of beans soaked in acetate solutions. Hard-to-cook (HTC) is a textural defect that delays the softening of common bean seeds during cooking. While this defect is commonly associated with conventionally stored beans, soaking/cooking of beans in CaCl 2 solutions or sodium acetate buffer can also prolong the cooking time of beans due to formation of Ca2+ crosslinked pectin retarding bean softening during cooking. In this study, the role of the cell wall-bound Mg2+/Ca2+ content and the degree of pectin methyl esterification (DM) was quantified, as important factors for bean texture-related changes stipulated in the pectin-cation-phytate hypothesis, the most plausible hypothesis of HTC development. Evaluation of texture changes during cooking of conventionally aged beans (35 °C and 83% RH for up to 20 weeks), beans soaked/cooked in CaCl 2 solutions (0.01 to 0.1 M) or soaked in 0.1 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.4) revealed large bean-to-bean variations. Therefore a texture-based classification approach was used to better capture the relation between texture characteristics and cell wall polymer, in particular pectin, related changes. While cell wall-bound Ca2+ and pectin DM did not change/were not related to the texture variation during cooking of fresh beans, increased cell wall-bound Ca2+ and decreased pectin DM were associated with prolonged conventional storage of beans and their texture changes during subsequent cooking (due to pectin cross linking, retarding its solubilization during cooking). Exogenously added Ca2+ from pre-treating beans in CaCl 2 solutions promoted to a great extent the cell wall-bound Ca2+ during soaking but even more so during cooking, complementing the harder texture associated with these beans during cooking (compared to conventionally stored and fresh beans). Similarly, free Ca2+ endogenously generated by phytase-catalysed phytate hydrolysis (beans treated by acetate buffer) promoted crosslinking of pectin by Ca2+ (cell wall-bound Ca2+), delaying softening of beans during cooking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suppliers offering trade credit to the downstream retailers have to face many problems, such as receivables management, capital occupancy, and buyer's credit risk. Many of them choose factoring finance to solve those problems simultaneously. This paper develops several supply chain decision models to show the benefits a supplier can obtain from the main functions of factoring and how he should choose between recourse factoring and nonrecourse factoring. In particular, we identify the conditions on which factoring may bring benefits (including financial benefit, guarantee benefit, and receivables management benefit) to the supplier. The supplier's choice between recourse and nonrecourse factoring relies on his risk attitude. Given that the supplier is risk-neutral and the factoring fees are acceptable, recourse factoring is preferred when the factoring finance ratio is relatively high; otherwise, nonrecourse factoring is preferred. However, if the supplier is risk-averse, his preference for the two factoring schemes under different finance ratios may change when the risk constraints become stricter. If the target profit is lower than a certain level, the supplier's financial choice will switch from recourse factoring to nonrecourse factoring in the case finance ratio is relatively low; otherwise, his financial choice switches from nonrecourse factoring to recourse factoring in the case finance ratio is relatively high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is intended to discuss the noise-to-state stability (NSS) and the delay-dependent stability (DDS) of the highly nonlinear hybrid stochastic differential equation (HNHSDE) with multiple delays. Distinct from the white noise considered in the existing literature, we introduce the coloured noise characterised by a finite second-order process into the HNHSDE. Under some mild assumption conditions, we demonstrate that the HNHSDE exists a unique global solution (GS). Moreover, some criteria regarding the NSS in the qth moment of the GS are established. Furthermore, several theorems are provided for guaranteeing the pth moment asymptotic stability and the almost surely asymptotic stability of the GS with the aid of the delay-dependent Lyapunov functional and stochastic analysis theory. At last, two illustrative examples are given to show the feasibility of our developed theory findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a "turn off-on" fluorescent sensor was developed for highly sensitive determination of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) based on an Fe(III)-based metal-organic framework (Fe-MOF). An Fe-MOF with an octahedral structure was synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method using ferric chloride hexahydrate and 2-aminoterephthalic acid (NH 2 -BDC) as raw materials. The fluorescence of Fe-MOF is extremely weak owing to ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) and internal filtration effect (IFE). When the system contained TBHQ, the binding of TBHQ to Fe(III) inhibited the LMCT of the fluorescent ligand NH 2 -BDC to Fe(III), releasing the fluorescence of NH 2 -BDC and thus restoring the fluorescence. With this as the basis, a rapid, sensitive, and selective fluorescence sensor is developed for the detection of TBHQ. Under the optimal conditions, TBHQ showed good linearity with fluorescence intensity in the range of 0–1.5 × 102 μmol L−1 and a detection limit of 0.0030 μmol L−1 (S/N = 3). The selectivity, reproducibility, and stability of the developed Fe-MOF-based sensors are comprehensively studied. Finally, the practicality of the method is verified by examining the detection of TBHQ in soybean oil; the results are consistent with those obtained using conventional high-performance liquid chromatography. Scheme 1. Preparation process of Fe-MOF and its detection mechanism. [Display omitted] • An Fe-MOF-based "off-on" type TBHQ fluorescence sensor was developed. • The fluorescence of Fe-MOF is weak based on the LMCT and IFE effects of Fe-MOF itself. • The binding of TBHQ to Fe(III) inhibits the LMCT of the fluorescent ligand NH 2 -BDC to Fe(III). • An Fe-MOF-based test strip was designed for the rapid and visual detection of TBHQ. • Successfully determined the presence of TBHQ in soybean oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A boric acid-based Tb-MOF as a fluorescent and captured probe for PG. • The special nucleophilic reaction between the boric acid of Tb-MOF and o-diphenol hydroxyl of PG. • The fluorescence of Tb-MOF significantly quenched with trace amount of PG. • Capable of rapid, sensitive, and selective PG detection. • Successfully determined the presence of PG in soybean oil. This study reports the development of a Tb-metal–organic framework (Tb-MOF)-based fluorescent platform for the detection of propyl gallate (PG). The Tb-MOF using 5-boronoisophthalic acid (5-bop) as the ligand exhibited multiple emissions at 490, 543, 585, and 622 nm under an excitation wavelength of 256 nm. The fluorescence of Tb-MOF was selectively and significantly weakened in the presence of PG due to the special nucleophilic reaction between the boric acid of Tb-MOF and o-diphenol hydroxyl of PG, and the combined effect of static quenching and internal filtering. Furthermore, this sensor enabled the determination of PG within seconds in a wide linear range of 1–150 μg/mL, and with a low detection limit of 0.098 μg/mL, and high specificity against other phenolic antioxidants. This work provided a new route for the sensitive and selective determination of PG in soybean oil, thus was perspective to monitor and reduce the risk of PG overuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the resilient state estimation problem is discussed for a class of discrete nonlinear complex networks with time-delay subject to the stochastic communication protocol (SCP). The SCP is employed to determine which node has the priority of accessing to the communication networks at each transmission instant. A switch-based approach is utilized to establish the updating rule of the measurement output under the SCP. The aim of the paper is to design a resilient state estimator for the addressed complex networks with time-delay and SCP, where sufficient conditions are given to ensure that the estimation error is exponentially ultimate bounded in the mean-square sense and the asymptotic upper bound of the estimation error is given. Moreover, the expression forms of the desired estimator gains are obtained via the solutions to a set of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the validity of the proposed resilient state estimation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the variance-constrained filtering problem for a class of discrete-time genetic regulatory networks (GRNs) with state delay and random one-step measurement delay. The phenomenon of the random one-step measurement delay is characterised by a random variable, which is assumed to obey the Bernoulli distribution with known occurrence probability. The purpose of the addressed problem is to design a filter such that, in the presence of state delay and random one-step measurement delay, an upper bound of the filtering error covariance matrix can be obtained and the explicit expression of the filter gain matrix is given. Then, the proposed variance-constrained filtering method can be used to approximate the concentrations of mRNAs and proteins. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the designed filtering scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simplified and accurate hybrid model is proposed to analyze, evaluate, and predict space heating energy consumption and indoor temperature in residential buildings connected to district heating systems. With classical engineering equations of thermodynamic laws, this method uses physical and empirical modeling to describe heat exchangers in real-time. Furthermore, the model has optimized the cost of computation and enhanced the prediction accuracy. It is revealed this method can accurately predict the residential heat load and indoor temperature with the maximum error of ±10%. The architectural parameter, outdoor temperature, and wind velocity have decisive effects on the heat energy demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim at achieving the energy conservation and fully taking advantage of the multi-radio resource for multi-radio wireless sensor networks (MRWSNs), the interval type-2 fuzzy logic (IT2FL) based energy-optimal radio resource management mechanism is proposed, by taking the complex uncertainties existed in MRWSNs into consideration. The contribution of this paper is as follows. Firstly, the IT2FL inference mechanism is proposed to handle the complex uncertainties better. In the proposed IT2FL inference mechanism, three important factors, i.e., the transceiver energy consumption, the residual energy, and the channel quality, are considered as the input variables and the selection probability of each transceiver is regard as output variable. Secondly, the proposed IT2FL is utilized to the decision-making of the energy-efficient radio resource allocation in MRWSNs, when there are multiple new/delivery tasks. Following that, full simulations are deployed, in order to validate the proposed IT2FL based radio resource management mechanism can effectively improve the network performance, in terms of the energy efficient, throughput, data transmission success rate, and prolong the network lifetime etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) (300/400/500 MPa for 5 min) and high pressure homogenization (HPH) (50/100 MPa for 1 pass) were applied to mango beverage to explore their effects on water soluble pectin (WSP) and bioaccessibility of total carotenoids (BAC), and the relationship between BAC and modified WSP. Compared to untreated sample, HPH at 50 and 100 MPa combined with/without HHP pronouncedly increased the WSP and galacturonic acid (GalA) concentrations in mango beverage and the molecular weight (M w) of WSP, decreased the degree of methylesterification (DM) of WSP, and affected other structural indicators of WSP to various extent, while alone HHP slightly increased the GalA concentration in mango beverage and the M w of WSP. These changes induced by high pressure processing were mainly due to mechanical release and solubilization of the pectin embedded in cell wall with higher M w , shorter/fewer side chains, and lower DM. HPH had more pronounced effects on WSP than HHP due to stronger mechanical force. Compared to untreated sample, HPH at 50 MPa and HHP had no significant effect on BAC, while HPH at 100 MPa significantly increased the BAC by 32.22% and HPH (100 MPa) +HHP increased the BAC by 38.65%–76.32%. The BAC showed positive binomial correlations with GalA and WSP, and upwards binomial correlations with the M w of WSP and viscosity of mango beverage. Moreover, a statistical negative correlation was found between the BAC and DM. Results highlighted the potential of high pressure processing to regulate the BAC by modifying WSP and affecting WSP-carotenoids interactions. [Display omitted] • HPH and HHP could depolymerize WSP in pure WSP solution. • Different structure and concentrations of WSP in mango juice induced by HPH or HHP. • HHP and HPH affect WSP mainly by triggering solubilization of pectin embedded in cell wall. • High pressure processing could regulate BAC by modifying WSP structure and content. • Carotenoid-WSP interaction promoted by HPH combined with/without HHP may favor BAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and high-pressure homogenization (HPH) were applied to mango juice to explore their effects on gastric retention rate (G-CRR), bioaccessibility (BAC) of total and individual carotenoids, and the corresponding mechanisms from macroscopic to microscopic scales. Compared to the control, both HHP and HPH at 50 MPa had no significant effect on BAC and G-CRR, whereas HPH at 100 MPa significantly increased BAC by 44.33% and G-CRR by 11.84%. Further HHP treatments (particularly at 400 MPa) on the 100 MPa-HPH-pretreated samples significantly increased BAC by 71.37% and G-CRR by 24.24%. Violaxanthins/esters were less stable than carotenes in the stomach, resulting in lower bioaccessibility of violaxanthins/esters. G-CRR and BAC were negatively correlated with the viscosity and particle size of juice, whereas they were positively correlated with the solubility/dispersibility of carotenoids. In addition, pectin-carotenoid interactions may also be an important factor affecting the digestive fate of carotenoids in juice. High pressure processing (High hydrostatic pressure, HHP, and high pressure homogenization, HPH) is a non-thermal technique and its effect on the bioaccessibility of carotenoids in fruits and vegetables have attracted attention from researchers. Our research found that HPH and HHP combined treatment could decrease the particle size of mango juice, and increase the viscosity and turbidity as well as the bioaccessibility of carotenoids therein. This technology can be used to preserve the physical stability of mango juice and improve the nutritional value. • HHP and HPH (50 MPa) has no effect on G-CCR and BAC while HPH (100 MPa) increase them. • Compared to HPH (100 MPa), HPH (100 MPa) + HHP further increase the G-CRR and BAC. • Xanthophylls/esters are less stable than carotenes in stomach, reducing their BAC. • Joint effect of viscosity, particle size and carotenoid distribution on G-CRR and BAC. • Pectin-carotenoid interaction may play an important role in G-CRR and BAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a simple yet accurate model is proposed for real-time control and optimization of two-phase flow plate heat exchanger (PHE). The model is derived with selected controllable or measurable I/O parameters and heat mass transfer equations by mechanism analysis. The linear and nonlinear least-squares methods are adopted to identify unknown or empirical parameters to reduce the error of evaluation and prediction in applications. The modeling approach takes advantages of both mechanism and empirical model, which has the effectiveness that the unreachable parameters are eliminated while the computation is reduced with wide operating range. Validation was carried out in a substation in a district heating system, and the testing results showed that the proposed model can predict the performance of the PHE with a maximum error less than ±8% that satisfied the requirements of real-time control and optimization in applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Fresh/aged beans were classified into groups with different cooking textures. • Ageing leads to InsP 6 hydrolysis to lower inositol phosphates, particularly InsP 5. • InsP 6 content in cotyledons is an indicator for the extent of HTC during bean aging. • Soaking of beans causes some phytate interconversions inside cotyledons. • Released Ca2+ cations from phytate hydrolysis were bound instead of leaching out. During adverse postharvest storage of Red haricot beans, the inositol phosphate content, particularly InsP 6 , decreased significantly, along with a significant increase in InsP 5. Using a texture-based classification approach, the InsP 6 content in cotyledons was shown an indicator for the extent of hard-to-cook (HTC) development during bean aging. This textural defect development was predominated by storage-induced InsP 6 degradation, rather than phytate interconversions during soaking. Ca cations, released during storage, did not leach out significantly during subsequent soaking, suggesting that they were bound with the cell wall pectin in cotyledons, while Mg cations were mostly leached out into the soaking water due to their weak binding capacity to the pectin, and the cell membrane damages developed during HTC. Results obtained herein provide evidence for the pectin-cation-phytate mechanism in textural hardening (and its distribution after cooking) of common beans, and call for a more detailed Ca-relocation study during postharvest storage, soaking and cooking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the strategy problems of pricing and store-assistance service investment are investigated for a supply chain with consumer return, where the considered supply chain under consignment contract consists of a single manufacturer and a single retailer. Firstly, we use differential equation to model the evolution of store-assistance service level and depict the effect of store-assistance service level on the return rate. By applying two-stage game, both optimal pricing and store-assistance service strategies are obtained based on the presented optimal control model. Subsequently, the committed dynamic consignment price contract is designed to coordinate and improve the performance of supply chain. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the impacts of the effectiveness of store-assistance service level and decay rate on the feasible region of corresponding contract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Texture correlation of a single bean before and after ageing was established. • SEM-EDS showed cell wall-Ca concentration significantly correlated with bean texture. • InsP6 content is a key indicator of HTC development during bean ageing. • Ca originates from InsP6 hydrolysis and migrates to cell wall during storage. • Pectin DM decrease and pectin-Ca interactions occur during bean ageing upon storage. Utilization of common beans is greatly hampered by the hard-to-cook (HTC) defect induced by ageing of the beans under adverse storage. Large bean-to-bean variations exist in a single batch of beans. Therefore, a texture-based bean classification approach was applied in this detailed study on beans with known textures, to gain in-depth insights into the role of the pectin-cation-phytate mechanism in relation to the texture changes during subsequent cooking of Red haricot fresh and aged beans. For the first time, a correlation between the texture (exhibited after cooking) of a single bean seed before ageing (fresh) and its texture after ageing was established. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) based in situ cell wall associated mineral quantification revealed that the cell wall associated Ca concentration was significantly positively correlated with the texture of both fresh and aged cooked Red haricot bean cotyledons, with ageing resulting in a significant enrichment of Ca at the cell wall. These additional Ca cations originate from intracellular phytate hydrolysis during ageing, which was shown to affect the texture distribution of aged beans during cooking significantly. The relocation of the mineral cations from the cell interior to the cell wall occurs mainly during storage rather than subsequent soaking of the cotyledons. In addition, the pectin-cation-phytate hypothesis of HTC was further confirmed by demethylesterification of the cell wall pectin and increased pectin-Ca interactions upon ageing of the cotyledons, finally leading to HTC development of the cotyledon tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the stability analysis problem is investigated for a class of genetic regulatory networks (GRNs) with time-varying delays. Here, the addressed GRNs are modelled by the nonlinear differential equations. A new Lyapunov–Krasovkii functional is constructed by additionally introducing some triple integral terms. By employing the Jensen inequality, the free-weighting matrix and the convex combination idea, a semi-definite programme approach is developed to derive new sufficient condition guaranteeing the global asymptotic stability of the addressed GRNs subject to time-varying delays. Subsequently, a new stability criterion is proposed for GRNs with time-varying delays when the upper bounds of the derivative of the time delays are unknown. It is shown that the feasibility of presented results can be readily checked by using the standard numerical software. Finally, we provide two numerical examples to illustrate the effectiveness and less conservativeness of the proposed stability criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Furan, a typical food contaminant formed by heating process, is classified as a possible carcinogen to humans. Many factors lead to the formation of furan in food processing. In our present study, 3 potato varieties, white potato, sweet potato, and purple potato were selected to investigate the effect of thermal processing temperature and time on furan formation. The results showed that the formation of furan was highly correlated with frying temperature and time. Among the 3 potato varieties, sweet potato resulted in the highest furan concentration when fried at 200 °C for 5 min. In addition, the frying temperature and time also influenced the water activity and the color of the 3 kinds of potato slices, which had significant correlation with the formation of furan. Furan concentration decreased along with the increasing of water activity in the 3 potato varieties and the changes presented regression relationships. Meanwhile, there was an inverse correlation between furan content and color changes in the 3 potato varieties. The level of furan decreased as total color changes (Δ E) increased and the changes also presented regression relationships. These results could be used to estimate the possibility of furan formation in the 3 varieties of potato slices systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Bean-to-bean variations were minimized by a texture-based sample selection. • Residual cell wall fractions after sequential pectin extractions were characterized. • Ageing induced substantial cell wall structural changes in cotyledons. • Phenolics interact with and/or are lignified in the cell wall during HTC. • FT-IR spectroscopy coupled with PCA discriminated cell wall changes during ageing. Cell wall material was isolated from selected non-aged and aged Red haricot bean cotyledons using a texture-based classification approach. Pectin-depleted residual cell wall fractions were obtained by sequential pectin extraction and were characterized to investigate in situ cell wall related molecular changes upon ageing during adverse storage of the beans. Particularly, involvement of phenolic compounds in cell wall strengthening during the ageing process, resulting in the hard-to-cook defect, was evaluated. Results show that ageing induces substantial changes at a cell-wall-structural level in the Aged sample compared to the Non-aged sample, with mainly vanillin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde covalently bound with sugar side-chains of pectin and/or involved in lignification-like mechanisms. FT-IR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis reveals that lignin-like phenolic-cell wall polymers, which are known to reinforce cell wall structure, are present in the cell wall polysaccharide network of the Aged sample, and are therefore contributing factors to the hard-to-cook development during Red haricot bean ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Structure-property-function relations of WSDF and BSDF were explored in this study. • BSDF solution had higher viscosity and more network structures than WSDF. • BSDF had stronger abilities of adsorbing glucose and retarding glucose diffusion. • Starch added with BSDF had a lower eGI despite its weaker inhibition to α-amylase. • WSDF- or BSDF- α-amylase interaction caused secondary structural changes of α-amylase. To extend the applications of glutinous rice bran, a by-product of the glutinous rice processing industry, soluble dietary fibers (SDF) isolated from Chinese white (WSDF) and black (BSDF) glutinous rice bran were compared for their structures, physicochemical properties, and hypoglycemic activities in this study. Results showed that BSDF had higher glucose content while lower rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, and mannose contents, similar molecular weight, and a particular presence of anthocyanin compared to WSDF. Owing to the smaller particle size, higher viscosity, and more abundant network structures, BSDF had higher glucose adsorption capacity and retarding glucose diffusion ability than WSDF. The evaluations in vitro kinetics showed that addition of BSDF in starch led to a smaller glucose absorption rate constant and expected glucose index than WSDF, although BSDF showed lower α-amylase inhibitory ability. Interactions between the SDF and α-amylase, which were mediated by van der Waals force and hydrogen bond (WSDF-α-amylase) and hydrophobic interaction (BSDF-α-amylase), induced partial transformation of α-amylase from α-helix and β-sheet to β-turn and random coil. In summary, both WSDF and BSDF could be used as natural food additives for the reduction of postprandial blood glucose level and the enhancement of antioxidant activity in food products, while BSDF may show better efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the problem of the coordination policy is investigated for vendor-managed consignment inventory supply chain subject to consumer return. Here, the market demand is assumed to be affected by promotional effort and consumer return policy. The optimal consignment inventory and the optimal promotional effort level are proposed under the decentralized and centralized decisions. Based on the optimal decision conditions, the markdown allowance-promotional cost-sharing contract is investigated to coordinate the supply chain. Subsequently, the comparison between the two extreme policies shows that full-refund policy dominates the no-return policy when the returning cost and the positive effect of return policy are satisfied certain conditions. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the impacts of consumer return policy on the coordination contract and optimal profit as well as the effectiveness of the proposed supply chain decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the optimal Kalman filtering problem for a class of discrete stochastic systems with multiplicative noises and random two-step sensor delays. Three Bernoulli distributed random variables with known conditional probabilities are introduced to characterize the phenomena of the random two-step sensor delays which may happen during the data transmission. By using the state augmentation approach and innovation analysis technique, an optimal Kalman filter is constructed for the augmented system in the sense of the minimum mean square error (MMSE). Subsequently, the optimal Kalman filtering is derived for corresponding augmented system in initial instants. Finally, a simulation example is provided to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed filtering method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Maternal folate may not reach an optimal level to prevent neural tube defects if supplementation commenced post-conception or took place pre-conception only. Our study aimed to investigate the continuation of folic acid (FA) supplementation from pre-conception to post-conception during peri-conceptional period and to examine its differences in FA supplementation between the subgroups taking the initiation timing into consideration. Methods: This study was conducted in two community health service centers in Jing-an District of Shanghai. Women accompanying their children to pediatric health clinics of the centers were recruited and asked to recall information concerning their socioeconomic and previous obstetric characteristics, utilization of healthcare and FA supplementation before and/or during pregnancy. The continuation of FA supplementation during peri-conceptional period were categorized into three subgroups: Supplementing with FA pre- and post-conception; supplementing with FA preconception only or post-conception only; no FA supplements pre-conception and post-conception. The relationship between FA continuation and couples' characteristics were examined as setting the first subgroup as the base reference. Results: Three hundred and ninety-six women were recruited. Over 40% of the women started FA supplementation after conception and 30.3% of them supplemented with FA from pre-conception to the first trimester of their pregnancy. Compared to this one-third of participants, women who didn't supplemented with any FA during peri-conceptional period were more likely to have no utilization of pre-conception healthcare ( OR = 2.47, 95% CI : 1.33–4.61) or antenatal care ( OR = 4.05, 95% CI : 1.76–9.34), or who had a lower family socioeconomic status ( OR = 4.36, 95% CI : 1.79–10.64). Women who supplemented with FA pre-conception only or post-conception only were more likely to have no utilization of pre-conception healthcare ( OR = 2.94, 95% CI : 1.79–4.82), or to have no previous pregnancy complication ( OR =1.80, 95% CI : 0.99–3.28). Conclusion: Over two-fifth of the women started FA supplementation and only one-third of them had an optimal supplementation from pre-conception to the first trimester. Maternal utilization of healthcare before or during pregnancy together with maternal and paternal socioeconomic status may play a role in the continuation to FA supplementation pre- and post-conception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the state estimation problem is investigated for a class of discrete nonlinear systems with randomly occurring uncertainties and distributed sensor delays. The norm-bounded uncertainties enter into the system in a randomly way, and such randomly occurring uncertainties (ROUs) obey certain Bernoulli distributed white noise sequence with known conditional probability. By constructing a new Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, sufficient conditions are proposed to guarantee the convergence of the estimation error for all discrete time-varying delays, ROUs and distributed sensor delays. Subsequently, the explicit form of the estimator parameter is derived by solving two linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) which can be easily tested by using standard numerical software. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed estimation scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Highlights: [•] Mutant line bcs is isolated in the F3 generation of chemically mutagenized zebrafish. [•] Calcein and alcian blue staining is effective to detect bone development defects. [•] Bcs delays axial skeletal calcification, but does not affect cartilage development. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The zebrafish exhibits an enhanced capability of regenerating most of its adult tissues. In this study, we examine the roles of light illumination and functional expression of mitosis-specific gene wee1 on adult zebrafish caudal fin regeneration after amputation. During the first 3days post-amputation (dpa), the caudal fin regenerate rapidly in the day but slowly at night when the fish are kept in a normal light–dark cycle (LD) condition. However, this day–night rhythm of fin regeneration is not seen when the fish are kept in constant dark (DD), constant light (LL), or in fish in which the circadian rhythms are disrupted by random light (RL) exposures. The rate of fin growth reaches the peak levels at 2.5dpa in LD, but is delayed when the fish are kept in DD, LL or RL conditions. In zebrafish in which the expression of wee1 is blocked by morpholinos, regeneration of the caudal fin is affected. Interestingly, the expression of wee1 also displays robust circadian rhythms. Together, the data suggests that fin regeneration in zebrafish is regulated by both environmental cues and functional gene expressions. Alterations in lighting conditions or inhibition of wee1 expression result in decreases in fin regeneration after injury. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This work discusses the H ∞ state-feedback control issue for a class of state saturated two-dimensional (2-D) Roesser systems under the event-triggered mechanism. Here, the state saturation is considered to cater the practical situation. First, an event-triggered strategy is exploited to make use of resources rationally in the communication network with finite capacity. Based on the Lyapunov method, the sufficient criterion is presented to achieve the desired H ∞ performance of the corresponding closed-loop saturated 2-D system and the existence of event-triggered state-feedback (ET-SF) controller is ensured. Particularly, a positive scalar is introduced to cope with the state saturation term. With the aid of sufficient criterion and cone complementary linearisation (CCL) algorithm, the design problem of ET-SF controller can further be transformed into seeking the feasible solution to linear matrix inequalities. Eventually, a simulation example is implemented to reveal the usefulness of the presented control scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Two dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) homologous genes in amphioxus are identified and cloned. The phylogenetic analysis indicates two DDAHs in amphioxus originated by independent duplication specific in cephalochordate lineage. Analysis of AmphiDDAHa and AmphiDDAHb genomic structure shows their comparability with the DDAH in vertebrate and aboriginality which is consistent with animal classification. To explore the function relationship of AmphiDDAHa and AmphiDDAHb with AmphiNOS, the nitric oxide synthase homologue in amphioxus, we investigate the three genes expression patterns in embryos and adult tissues. The results indicate that these three genes possess different spatial and temporal expression patterns during embryogenesis. AmphiDDAHa transcripts are detected extensively in the differentiating ectoderm, mesendoderm in gastrula/early neurula, the developing and newly formed neural tube, somites, notochord, alimentary canal and epidermis at neurula stage, as well as in the differentiating pharynx and tailbud at early larval stage. While AmphiDDAHb is expressed in the differentiating non-neural ectoderm at the gastrla/early neurula stage, then locates abroad in the developing and formed neural tube, notochord, somites and alimentary canal. AmphiNOS is expressed weakly but widely from early neurula stage to at least 72-h larva stage. In adult, AmphiDDAHa and AmphiNOS share similar expression patterns in diverse adult tissues and cells such as the neural cord, gut, midgut diverticulum, wheel organ, gill, blood vessels, endostyle, oocytes and macrophages. But no expression of AmphiDDAHb is detected in tissues mentioned above. The results suggest that AmphiDDAHa and AmphiDDAHb should be two homologous genes with different functions in amphioxus. AmphiDDAHa may play a conserved role in the regulation of NO synthesis and immune defense, whereas AmphiDDAHb may mainly play the roles in the cell movement or differentiation of embryonic non-neural ectoderm cells during gastrulation and early neurulation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The semi-Markov decision model is a powerful tool in analyzing sequential decision processes with random decision epochs. In this paper, we have built the semi-Markov decision process (SMDP) for the maintenance policy optimization of condition-based preventive maintenance problems, and have presented the approach for joint optimization of inspection rate and maintenance policy. Through numerical examples, the improvement of this method is compared with the scheme, which optimizes only over the inspection rate. We also find that under a special case when the deterioration rate at each failure stage is the same, the optimal policy obtained by SMDP algorithm is a dynamic threshold-type scheme with threshold value depending on the inspection rate. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Preventive maintenance is applied to improve the device availability or decrease the repair costs when the device failures are in deterioration (or aging) phase. Preventive maintenance can be made more efficient by periodic monitoring wherein the state of deterioration can be assessed. This leads to the notion of condition-based maintenance. In this paper, we study the condition-based maintenance, and derive closed-form expressions of system availability when the device undergoes both deterioration as well as Poisson type failures. These closed-form solutions enable us to find faster algorithms to determine the optimal inspection policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is concerned with the finite‐time fault detection (FTFD) problem for discrete networked systems subject to nonlinearities and time‐varying delays under the dynamic event‐triggered mechanism. The dynamic event‐based communication scheme is adopted to improve the efficiency of the bandwidth utilization, reduce the transmission of redundant signals and decrease the transmission pressure of the network. Then, by constructing a new Lyapunov functional and utilizing the appropriate inequality techniques, some sufficient conditions are derived under which the addressed augmented system achieves the finite‐time stability and attains a satisfactory H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ performance index. Additionally, the expression forms of the fault detection filter (FDF) parameters are presented based on the solutions to certain matrix inequalities. In the end, a numerical simulation is employed to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed FTFD strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Texture of half-beans was established to minimize bean-to-bean variations. • Distribution patterns of pectic cross-linkages in cotyledon cell wall. • Microscopic evidence for chelated Ca2+ pectin in HTC common beans. • Microscopic evidence for ester-bound feruloylated pectin during HTC development. In this study, pectin changes during Red haricot bean storage under high temperature and high humidity conditions were investigated to understand the hard-to-cook (HTC) development from a microstructural point of view. First, to ensure repeatability of the microscopy results, a classification of the fresh and stored beans (aged at 35 °C and 83% relative humidity) into different hardening levels (the Non-aged, Aged and Very-hard aged sample) was performed based on the texture values of cooked half-cotyledons. Cell wall strength of the cotyledons was evaluated, showing that the aged samples (HTC seeds) exhibit stronger cell walls with more/stronger pectic cross-linkages than the Non-aged sample. After a sequential pectin extraction aiming at removing pectin fractions of different solubility, cell wall autofluorescence and immunolabeling of JIM7, LM9 and 2F4 epitopes in the residual materials were examined. Upon ageing, the samples exhibited an increased Ca2+-pectin and ferulic acid-pectin crosslinking, these pectic complexes being accumulated primarily at the intercellular spaces. The results suggest a contribution of both the pectin-cation-phytate hypothesis and the involvement of phenolic-pectin crosslinks in HTC development at the cotyledon during storage of common beans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the adaptive event-triggered recursive state estimation (RSE) issue for a class of nonlinear complex dynamical networks (CDNs) with random coupling parameter, missing measurements (MMs) and coding-decoding-based communication mechanism (CDBCM). First of all, a random variable uniformly distributed in a fixed interval is adopted to model the varying topologies. Then, the Bernoulli random sequence with uncertain statistical properties is considered to characterize the phenomenon of MMs subject to the uncertain occurrence probability situation. Furthermore, in order to ensure the security and reliability of the shared network channel, the adaptive event-triggered scheduling strategy (AETSS) and CDBCM are both employed to govern the data transmission thereby enhancing the communication quality. The aim of this paper is to present an RSE scheme for a class of stochastic CDNs such that for all MMs, AETSS and CDBCM, the state estimation error covariance (SEEC) is given the SEEC upper bound (SEECUB) is derived. Then, the state estimator gain matrix (SEGM) is parameterized by means of optimizing the trace of SEECUB. Moreover, the monotonicity of the trace of SEECUB with respect to the available missing probability is clarified detailed. Finally, an illustrative simulation is executed for the purpose of verifying the validity of the proposed RSE scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This article investigates the dissipative fault detection (FD) problem for time‐delay nonlinear Markov jump systems with measurement outliers in the case of partially unknown transition probabilities. The stochastic communication protocol is utilized to save network bandwidth, where the scheduling model is described via a Markov chain. An outlier‐resistant FD filter is constructed with the help of adaptive saturation function technology. The sufficient conditions are derived to ensure that the FD system satisfies the stochastic stability and stochastic strict dissipativity. In addition, an FD filter without saturation constraint is also designed to compare with the outlier‐resistant FD filter, which verifies that the outlier‐resistant FD filter weakens the influence of measurement outliers effectively. Finally, two examples are provided to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the designed FD scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the problem of robust fault detection is investigated for nonlinear uncertain Markovian jump systems subject to time-varying delays, Lipschitz nonlinearities and parameter uncertainties under the event-triggered protocol. The event-triggered mechanism is introduced to adjust the transmission frequency of the data sent to the remote module. An event-based fault detection method is presented to guarantee the sensitivity of residual to fault and the attenuation of the effect from the disturbance on the residual. In this way, the considered fault detection problem is solvable by testifying the feasibility of H ∞ filtering problem. By constructing the mode-dependent Lyapunov functional, new sufficient criteria are derived in terms of the linear matrix inequality technique, which insures the stochastic stability with prescribed performance for addressed MJSs. In the end, a numerical example is exploited and the validity of newly presented event-based fault detection method is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the recursive state estimation method based on the event‐triggered protocol is given for time‐varying uncertain complex networks with switching topology (ST), data packet dropouts (DPDs), and randomly occurring non‐linearities (RONs). The event‐triggered strategy is given to regulate the communications and then save the limited network resources when the measurement information is transmitted. The phenomena of RONs, ST, and DPDs are depicted by some random variables obeying the Bernoulli distribution. Besides, the estimator gain perturbations are dealt with. The major aim of this study is to present a new state estimation algorithm for addressed time‐varying uncertain complex networks such that, for all STs, DPDs, and RONs, a minimal upper bound of state estimation error covariance matrix is derived by designing an optimal estimator gain matrix. Finally, a numerical simulation is presented to show the effectiveness of the provided time‐varying state estimation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss the event-triggered resilient filtering problem for a class of time-varying systems subject to stochastic uncertainties and successive packet dropouts. The event-triggered mechanism is employed with hope to reduce the communication burden and save network resources. The stochastic uncertainties are considered to describe the modelling errors and the phenomenon of successive packet dropouts is characterized by a random variable obeying the Bernoulli distribution. The aim of the paper is to provide a resilient event-based filtering approach for addressed time-varying systems such that, for all stochastic uncertainties, successive packet dropouts and filter gain perturbation, an optimized upper bound of the filtering error covariance is obtained by designing the filter gain. Finally, simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed robust optimal filtering strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the resilient state estimation problem is investigated for a class of discrete recurrent neural networks (RNNs) subject to mixed time-delays, missing measurements and stochastic disturbance. The mixed time-delays consist of randomly occurring time-delay and distributed sensor delays, where a random variable obeying the Bernoulli distribution is employed to characterize the phenomenon of randomly occurring time-delay. In addition, the phenomena of the multiple missing measurements are characterized by introducing a set of mutually independent random variables, which reflect that each sensor could have individual missing probability. Meanwhile, the additive variation of the estimator gain is considered to reflect the possible parameter deviations when implementing the state estimation algorithm. Our main purpose is to design a resilient state estimator such that, in the presence of multiple missing measurements, randomly occurring time-delay and distributed sensor delays, the estimation error dynamics is exponentially stable in the mean square. A sufficient condition is established to guarantee the existence of the resilient state estimator and the explicit expression of the desired estimator gain is given based on the solutions to some matrix inequalities. Finally, we use a numerical example to verify the validity of the presented resilient state estimation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss the fault estimation problem for a class of time-varying networked systems in the simultaneous presence of randomly occurring uncertainties, stochastic nonlinearities and packet dropouts. The phenomena of the randomly occurring uncertainties and packet dropouts are characterized by utilizing mutually independent random variables with known occurrence probabilities. The stochastic nonlinearities are also considered which can cover many known nonlinearities as special cases. The major focus is on the design of the fault estimation algorithm such that, for all randomly occurring uncertainties, stochastic nonlinearities and packet dropouts, an optimized upper bound of the estimation error covariance is derived at each time step and the explicit form of the estimator gain is provided. As a by-product, the unknown system state is estimated simultaneously. It should be noted that a new compensation scheme is introduced to improve the estimation performance by properly using the statistical property of the imperfect measurements. In addition, the monotonicity of the trace of such an optimal upper bound with respect to the missing probability is revealed from theoretical perspective. Finally, the usefulness of the proposed estimation compensation scheme is demonstrated by a simulation example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]