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40. An ancestral NB-LRR with duplicated 3'UTRs confers stripe rust resistance in wheat and barley.

Author

Zhang, Chaozhong, Huang, Lin, Zhang, Huifei, Hao, Qunqun, Lyu, Bo, Wang, Meinan, Epstein, Lynn, Liu, Miao, Kou, Chunlan, Qi, Juan, Chen, Fengjuan, Li, Mengkai, Gao, Ge, Ni, Fei, Zhang, Lianquan, Hao, Ming, Wang, Jirui, Chen, Xianming, Luo, Ming-Cheng, Zheng, Youliang, Wu, Jiajie, Liu, Dengcai, and Fu, Daolin

Subjects
Basidiomycota, Plants, Genetically Modified, Hordeum, Triticum, 3' Untranslated Regions, Chromosome Mapping, Phylogeny, Plant Diseases, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Gene Duplication, Mutation, Alleles, Genes, Plant, Disease Resistance, Genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Genes, Plants, Genetically Modified, MD Multidisciplinary
Abstract

Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a global threat to wheat production. Aegilops tauschii, one of the wheat progenitors, carries the YrAS2388 locus for resistance to Pst on chromosome 4DS. We reveal that YrAS2388 encodes a typical nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR). The Pst-resistant allele YrAS2388R has duplicated 3' untranslated regions and is characterized by alternative splicing in the nucleotide-binding domain. Mutation of the YrAS2388R allele disrupts its resistance to Pst in synthetic hexaploid wheat; transgenic plants with YrAS2388R show resistance to eleven Pst races in common wheat and one race of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei in barley. The YrAS2388R allele occurs only in Ae. tauschii and the Ae. tauschii-derived synthetic wheat; it is absent in 100% (n = 461) of common wheat lines tested. The cloning of YrAS2388R will facilitate breeding for stripe rust resistance in wheat and other Triticeae species.

Published
2019

41. FLOWERING LOCUS T2 regulates spike development and fertility in temperate cereals

Author

Shaw, Lindsay M, Lyu, Bo, Turner, Rebecca, Li, Chengxia, Chen, Fengjuan, Han, Xiuli, Fu, Daolin, and Dubcovsky, Jorge

Subjects
Genetics, Contraception/Reproduction, Reproductive health and childbirth, Brachypodium, Fertility, Flowers, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Genes, Plant, Hordeum, Plant Proteins, Reproduction, Triticum, Barley, Brachypodium distachyon, cereals, flowering, FLOWERING LOCUS T1, FT2, spike development, wheat, Plant Biology, Crop and Pasture Production, Plant Biology & Botany
Abstract

FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2) is the closest paralog of the FT1 flowering gene in the temperate grasses. Here we show that overexpression of FT2 in Brachypodium distachyon and barley results in precocious flowering and reduced spikelet number, while down-regulation by RNA interference results in delayed flowering and a reduced percentage of filled florets. Similarly, truncation mutations of FT2 homeologs in tetraploid wheat delayed flowering (2-4 d) and reduced fertility. The wheat ft2 mutants also showed a significant increase in the number of spikelets per spike, with a longer spike development period potentially contributing to the delayed heading time. In the wheat leaves, FT2 was expressed later than FT1, suggesting a relatively smaller role for FT2 in the initiation of the reproductive phase. FT2 transcripts were detected in the shoot apical meristem and increased during early spike development. Transversal sections of the developing spike showed the highest FT2 transcript levels in the distal part, where new spikelets are formed. Our results suggest that, in wheat, FT2 plays an important role in spike development and fertility and a limited role in the timing of the transition between the vegetative and reproductive shoot apical meristem.

Published
2019

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