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Background A One Health approach has been increasingly mainstreamed by the international community, as it provides the holistic thinking in recognizing the close links and inter-dependence of the health of humans, animals and the environment. The dearth of real-world evidence has hampered application of a One Health approach in shaping policies and practice. A consolidated evaluation tool is urgently needed for valid assessment of One Health approaches. Methods We develop the Global One Health Index (GoHi) by five steps, including framework formulation, indicator selection, database building, weight determination and GoHi scores calculation. A Cell-like Framework for GoHi is proposed, which comprises an External Driver Index (EDI), an Intrinsic Driver Index (IDI) and a Core Driver Index (CDI). We construct the indicator scheme for GoHi based on this framework after multiple rounds of panel discussions with our Expert Advisory Committee. A Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) is adopted to determine the weights for indicators. Results The weighted indicator scheme of GoHi comprises 3 first-level indicators, 13 second-level indicators, and 57 third-level indicators. The results from a pilot analysis are consistent with the results from a literature review, which suggests the feasibility of GoHi as a tool for the assessment of global One Health performance. GoHi is the world’s first evaluation tool that constructs the conceptual framework from a holistic perspective of One Health, and captures the data from more than 200 countries/ territories for empirical analysis. The application of GoHi will promote a common understanding of a strong One Health approach and provide a means for identifying gaps and promoting effective measures to strengthen One Health capacity building. Conclusions We propose GoHi as a potential systematic evaluation tool for global One Health approaches. With further adaptations in various scenarios, GoHi along with its technical protocols and databases, will be updated regularly to address current technical limitations, and capture new knowledge. Meanwhile, stronger political endorsement and facilitation are essential for the development of One Health policies, practice and research.

Additional file 2. The indicators and weights for establishment of global One Health index (GOHI).

Additional file 1. Weights calculation of global One Health index (GOHI).

Background. We retrospectively examined the usefulness of antibiotic therapy for management of first-trimester threatened abortion in women with previous spontaneous abortion. Methods. From 1993 through 1999, women with first-trimester threatened abortion received antibiotic therapy. Only those with gestational age less than 9 weeks and previous spontaneous abortion were included in this analysis. Women with mild abdominal cramping received amoxicillin plus erythromycin for 1 week; those with severe abdominal pain received amoxicillin plus clindamycin for 1 week. Recurrence was documented on the basis of either lower abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding. Results. Of the 23 women included, 15 (65%) had abnormal vaginal flora (a score above 4, Nugent's criteria). Seven of 16 women who received amoxicillin plus clindamycin and three of seven who received amoxicillin plus erythromycin had complete resolution of lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding without recurrence ( p =1). The recurrence rate was higher,...