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Featured vegetable oils contain unique fatty acids and bioactive compounds that are highly beneficial to human health. Developing and utilizing characteristic vegetable oils can not only meet consumer demand but also promote the high-end development of vegetable oils in China. The aqueous enzymatic method, as an efficient technique for extracting vegetable oils and proteins, has advantages including simple process, environmental friendliness, and high quality of extracted vegetable oils and proteins. This article introduced the nutritional components of characteristic vegetable oil materials, and then comprehensively reviewed the principles, process characteristics, process conditions, and quality of vegetable oils and proteins obtained by the aqueous enzymatic method. Finally, it had provided an outlook on the development of aqueous enzymatic extraction of characteristic vegetable oils, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for the application and development of this method.

Starch was used as raw material and anthocyanins were used as functional substances. Intelligent indicator films of starch nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning method, and their structure and properties were studied. The results showed that the fiber diameter and the water contact Angle of the indicator films increased with the increase of anthocyanin loading. The crystal state of the indicated film determined its mechanical properties. When the anthocyanin was added to more than 10%, the fracture stress of the indicated film was higher, reaching 12.0MPa, but the elongation at break reduced to 5.8%. When anthocyanins were added, the thermal stability of the indicator film was improved. The molecular structure of starch and anthocyanin did not changed in the process of electrospinning. The indicator function of the indicator film was mainly realized through the color change caused by the change of ionizing state of phenolic hydroxyl group in anthocyanin. The antioxidant function was due to the reducibility provided by phenolic hydroxyl group. These results proved that the intelligent indicator film of amyloanthocyanin had the good indicator property and could be used to monitor food quality change.

In this review, the mechanism of emulsion formation and the influence of physical, chemical, biological and other environmental factors on its stability were summarized, and the demulsification method in the industrial application of hydroenzymatic extraction of peanut oil was prospected.

Melanommataceous species exhibit high diversity with a cosmopolitan distribution worldwide and show a prominent saprobic lifestyle. In this study, we explored five saprobic species collected from plant litter substrates from terrestrial habitats in China and Thailand. A combination of morphological characteristics and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses was used to determine their taxonomic classifications. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses of combined LSU , SSU , ITS and tef1-α sequence data were used to clarify the phylogenetic affinities of the species. Byssosphaeria poaceicola and Herpotrichia zingiberacearum are introduced as new species, while three new host records, Bertiella fici, By. siamensis and Melanomma populicola are also reported from litter of Cinnamomum verum, Citrus trifoliata and Fagus sylvatica, respectively. Yet, despite the rising interest in the melanommataceous species, there is a considerable gap in knowledge on their host associations and geographical distributions. Consequently, we compiled the host-species associations and geographical distributions of all the so far known melanommataceous species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ephemeral tissues such as leaves and fine roots are sensitive to nutrient alteration. Whether nutrient addition can influence the linkage between nutrient resorption and carbohydrate accumulation in leaves and roots is not clear. We measured nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) of the one-year-old leaves and absorptive and transportive roots in two species of a mixed plantation during the dormant and growing seasons within an N-addition experiment. Nitrogen addition decreased N and P resorption efficiencies (NRE and PRE, respectively) in leaves of Chinese fir and increased PRE in absorptive roots of Chinese fir but did not alter either efficiency in any tissues of Chinese sweetgum. Nitrogen addition increased starch accumulation efficiency (STAE) in >one-year-old leaves of Chinese fir but decreased soluble sugar accumulation efficiency (SSAE) in absorptive roots of Chinese sweetgum. Both NRE and PRE were negatively correlated with SSAE, STAE, and NSC accumulation efficiency (NSCAE) in >one-year-old leaves of Chinese fir, but this pattern was not found in leaves of Chinese sweetgum. Our study indicates that N addition can influence the linkage between nutrient resorption and NSC in leaves and roots, and this response to nutrient availability is species-dependent. Key words: nitrogen enrichment, nonstructural carbohydrates, nutrient resorption, plant tissues, subtropical tree species. Les tissus ephemeres tels que les feuilles et les racines fines sont sensibles a la modification des nutriments. On ne sait pas si l'apport de nutriments peut influencer la relation entre la resorption des nutriments et l'accumulation d'hydrates de carbone dans les feuilles et les racines. Nous avons mesure les concentrations d'azote (N) et de phosphore (P) ainsi que les hydrates de carbone non structuraux (HCNS) dans les feuilles de moins d'un an et de plus d'un an et les racines qui servent a l'absorption et au transport chez deux especes dans une plantation melangee durant la periode dormante et la saison de croissance a la suite d'un apport experimental de N. L'apport de N a diminue l'efficacite de resorption de N et P (respectivement ERN et ERP) dans les feuilles du sapin de Chine et augmente ERP dans les racines absorbantes du sapin de Chine mais n'a modifie ni ERN ni ERP dans aucun des tissus du copalme de Formose. L'apport de N a augmente l'efficacite d'accumulation de l'amidon (EAA) dans les feuilles de plus d'un an du sapin de Chine mais a diminue l'efficacite d'accumulation des sucres solubles (EASS) dans les racines absorbantes du copalme de Formose. Tant ERN que ERP etaient negativement correlees avec EASS, EAA et l'efficacite d'accumulation des HCNS (EAHCNS) dans les feuilles de plus d'un an du sapin de Chine mais la meme relation n'a pas ete observee dans les feuilles du copalme de Formose. Notre etude indique que l'apport de N peut influencer le lien entre la resorption des nutriments et les HCNS dans les feuilles et les racines et que cette reaction a la disponibilite des nutriments varie selon l'espece. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: amendement azote, hydrates de carbone non structuraux, resorption des nutriments, tissus vegetaux, especes d'arbres subtropicales., Introduction Nutrient and carbon economy are important determinants of tree function in forest ecosystems. One key mechanism influencing a tree's nutrient economy is resorption-withdrawal of nutrients from senesced organs and [...]

Soil organic carbon (SOC) not only contributes to maintain soil health, but is also important in regulating global climate change. How atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and phosphorus (P) addition affects SOC dynamics remains unclear, especially in subtropical forests. The response of SOC in three layers to N deposition and P addition in this study is estimated by analyzing the soil aggregates and C chemical stability composition fertilized with N (100 kg N hm−2 a−1) and/or P (50 kg P hm−2 a−1) over 9 years in a Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation. Treatments involving N deposition increased the SOC concentration, while P addition alone decreased the SOC concentration in soil layers above 10 cm. The addition of N significantly increased the mean diameter of topsoil aggregates, macroaggregates SOC concentration, and the contribution of N to total SOC. P addition decreased the relative abundances of aromatic and aliphatic functional groups while decreasing the chemical stability of SOC in the topsoil. A structural equation model indicated that N deposition promoted SOC concentration by mainly improving the physical protection of soil aggregates, while P addition reduced SOC sequestration by decreasing the chemical stability of SOC. Our research suggested that elevated N deposition might promote the soil C sink, while P fertilization would not be recommended under increased N deposition to protect soil C storage in subtropical forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Masson pine caterpillar (MPC, Dendrolimus punctatus Walker) outbreaks periodically occur in Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) plantations in southern China; however, their effects on nutrient cycling remain unclear. In 2011, an MPC outbreak occurred in pine plantations with different stand densities, which facilitated a comparison of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling dynamics. Monitoring of soil and foliar nutrients from pre- to post-outbreak years (i.e., from 2010 to approximately 2012) indicated that soil N[O.sub.3.sup.-]-N concentration and fluxes were higher after the outbreak in low-density plantations, whereas soil N[H.sub.4.sup.+]-N and P availability varied minimally and were not different between the high- and low-density sites. Pine foliage responses to the MPC outbreak were dependent on stand density. At the high-density site, foliar N increased by 40% with an increase of 25% in N resorption efficiency and by approximately 200%-300% in P resorption efficiency, whereas there was an increase of 50% N concentration, a 65% increase in N resorption efficiency, and a >500% increase in P resorption efficiency at the low-density site. Overall, soil nutrients were higher in low-density than high-density plantations, whereas leaf nutrient resorption had the opposite results after an MPC outbreak. The effects of a periodic MPC outbreak could increase plant N:P stoichiometry in these plantations, particularly in the denser stands. Key words: foliar nutrients, hilly red soil region of China, Masson pine caterpillar, soil nutrient availability, stand density. Des epidemies de chenille processionnaire du pin de Masson (CPPM, Dendrolimus punctatus Walker) surviennent periodiquement dans les plantations du pin de Masson (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) du sud de la Chine, mais leurs effets sur le recyclage des nutriments sont encore mal connus. En 2011, une epidemie de CPPM est survenue dans des plantations de pin ayant differentes densites, ce qui facilitait la comparaison de la dynamique du recyclage de l'azote (N) et du phosphore (P). Le suivi des nutriments dans le sol et les feuilles durant les annees (2010-2012) qui ont precede et suivi l'epidemie a indique que la concentration et le flux de N-N[O.sub.3.sup.-] dans le sol etaient plus eleves apres l'epidemie dans les plantations oU la densite etait faible tandis que la disponibilite de N-N[H.sub.4.sup.+] et de P a tres peu varie et etait semblable peu importe la densite. La reaction du feuillage du pin a l'epidemie de CPPM dependait de la densite du peuplement. Dans la station oU la densite etait forte, N foliaire a augmente de 40 % avec une augmentation de 25 % de l'efficacite de resorption de N (ERN) et de 200-300 % de l'efficacite de resorption de P (ERP), tandis que la concentration de N augmentait de 50 %, l'ERN de 65 % et l'ERP de plus de 500 % dans la station oU la densite etait faible. Generalement, les nutriments etaient plus abondants dans le sol des plantations oU la densite etait faible que dans les plantations oU la densite etait forte alors que c'etait l'inverse pour la resorption des nutriments foliaires apres une epidemie de CPPM. Les effets d'epidemies periodiques de CPPM pourraient augmenter le ratio stoechiometrique N:P des plants dans ces plantations, particulierement dans les peuplements plus denses. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: nutriments foliaires, region vallonnee aux sols rouges de Chine, chenille processionnaire du pin de Masson, disponibilite des nutriments du sol, densite du peuplement., Introduction The Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) is a widely distributed native tree species found from central to southern China, occupying more than 58 million ha. It is considered a [...]