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Purpose: This work presents a new two-step iterative technique for solving absolute value equations. The developed technique is valuable and effective for solving the absolute value equation. Various examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy and efficacy of the suggested technique. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, we present a new two-step iterative technique for solving absolute value equations. This technique is very straightforward, and due to the simplicity of this approach, it can be used to solve large systems with great effectiveness. Moreover, under certain assumptions, we examine the convergence of the proposed method using various theorems. Numerical outcomes are conducted to present the feasibility of the proposed technique. Findings: This paper gives numerical experiments on how to solve a system of absolute value equations. Originality/value: Nowadays, two-step approaches are very popular for solving equations (1). For solving AVEs, Liu in Shams (2021), Ning and Zhou (2015) demonstrated two-step iterative approaches. Moosaei et al. (2015) introduced a novel approach that utilizes a generalized Newton's approach and Simpson's rule to solve AVEs. Zainali and Lotfi (2018) presented a two-step Newton technique for AVEs that converges linearly. Feng and Liu (2016) have proposed minimization approaches for AVEs and presented their convergence under specific circumstances. Khan et al. (2023), suggested a nonlinear CSCS-like technique and a Picard-CSCS approach. Based on the benefits and drawbacks of the previously mentioned methods, we will provide a two-step iterative approach to efficiently solve equation (1). The numerical results show that our proposed technique converges rapidly and provides a more accurate solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce a family of functors denoted as F b , which act on algebraic D-modules and produce modules over N = 2 superconformal algebras. We demonstrate that these functors preserve irreducibility for all values of b, except for explicitly outlined cases. Moreover, we establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for determining the natural isomorphism between two such functors. Our constructed functors recover specific irreducible modules over N = 2 superconformal algebras, including intermediate series and U (h) -free modules. Additionally, we show that our constructed functors yield several new irreducible modules for N = 2 superconformal algebras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we prove the multiplicity of positive solutions for the following singular problem involving the fractional p$p$‐Laplacian: (−Δ)psu+V(x)|u|p−2u=a(x)uκ−1+μb(x)uq−1,inRN$$\begin{equation*} \hspace*{4pc}(-\Delta)_p^su+V(x)|u|^{p-2}u=a(x)u^{\kappa -1}+\mu b(x)u^{q-1}, \mbox{ in } \mathbb {R}^N \end{equation*}$$u(x)>0,inRN.$$\begin{equation*} \hspace*{10.6pc}u(x)>0, \mbox{ in } \mathbb {R}^N. \end{equation*}$$Here, μ>0$\mu >0$, 0<κ<1$0<\kappa <1$, and p

Traffic flow prediction is a crucial research area in traffic management. Accurately predicting traffic flow in each area of the city over the long term can enable city managers to make informed decisions regarding the allocation of urban transportation resources in the future. The existing traffic flow prediction models either give insufficient attention to the interactions of long-lasting spatio-temporal regions or extract spatio-temporal features in a single scale, which ignores the identification of traffic flow patterns at various scales. In this paper, we present a multi-scale spatio-temporal information fusion model using non-local networks, which fuses traffic flow pattern features at multiple scales in space and time, complemented by non-local networks to construct the global direct dependence relationship between local areas and the entire region of the city in space and time in the past. The proposed model is evaluated through experiments and is shown to outperform existing benchmark models in terms of prediction performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorescent conjugated polymers are widely investigated for their excellent performance in detecting explosives. In this work, two simple monomers are used to synthesize two novel fluorescent conjugated polymers, 3 and 6, with different conjugated structures via the linkages of "single bond" and "alkyne bond" by coupling reaction, and the fluorescence sensing performance for 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) is verified in both liquid and gas phases, aiming to demonstrate the influence of two different linkages on the fluorescence sensing properties. The fluorescent intensities of conjugated polymers in organic solvents gradually increase with increasing concentration within the low concentration range, while too high concentration leads to a decrease in the emission intensity because of the concentration quenching effect. The liquid‐phase limit of detection of 3 and 6 for TNT is as low as 1.9 and 1.6 µm in acetonitrile, respectively. The change rule of UV–vis absorption indicates that the static quenching model of TNT is predominant in liquid phase. Using a commercial portable explosives detector, 3 and 6 can effectively achieve the selective detection of gas‐phase TNT above 15 ng within 7 s and 8 ng within 5 s, respectively, demonstrating the great potential for rapid on‐site detection of trace explosives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the following polyharmonic equation: \[ \begin{cases} -\Delta^m_{\dfrac{n}{m}} u=Q_\lambda(x) |u|^{q-1}u+\left(\displaystyle\int_{\Omega}\dfrac{F(u)}{|x-y|^\mu|y|^\alpha}\,{\rm d}y\right)\dfrac{f(u)}{|x|^\alpha} & \quad\mbox{in}\ \Omega,\\ u=\nabla u=\cdots=\nabla^{m-1} u=0 & \quad\mbox{on}\ \partial\Omega. \end{cases} \] { − Δ n m m u = Q λ (x) | u | q − 1 u + (∫ Ω F (u) | x − y | μ | y | α d y) f (u) | x | α in Ω , u = ∇ u = ⋯ = ∇ m − 1 u = 0 on ∂ Ω. Using the Nehari manifold and some analytical techniques, we show the existence of two weak solutions of the problem with respect to parameter λ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe main goal of the present investigation is to evaluate the radiative heat aspect on bio-convective flowing of magnetized Reiner-Philippoff nanoparticle toward a wedge with Darcy-Forchheimer and swimming microorganisms impacts. Heat and mass transport assessment is described in the occurrence of heat source/sink, Arrhenius activation energy, and nonlinear thermal radiation. The purpose of the current studies is to build a framework for nanomaterials that incorporates thermophoretic and Brownian motion phenomena. A suitable transformation is employed to convert partial differential equations into ordinary ones then computationally invoked by shooting technique. The variation of various embedded variables on thermal, velocity, microorganisms, solutal, friction factor coefficient, heat transport, and motile density number is highlighted through graphically. It is noticeable that the qualitative behavior of thermal and solutal are similar for unsteadiness parameter. The heat transport rate acts as an escalating function of heat source/sink parameter and diminishing function of Brownian motion. Reverse pattern of the microorganism’s profile is observed in the frame of bioconvection Lewies number and Peclet number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high chemical inertness of silicon carbide (SiC) makes it difficult for surface chemical reactions to occur. Surface oxidation reactions are crucial for improving the processing efficiency and surface quality of SiC wafers. Extensive research has been conducted on conventional aqueous polishing slurries, while investigations on non-aqueous solvent-based polishing slurries have emerged as alternative options for enhancing SiC surface processing, as evidenced by recent scholarly reports. However, the surface chemical reaction mechanism of silicon carbide in either water or other hydroxyl groups containing solvents remains still unclear and is not well understood. In this work, ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulation was used to study the dynamic reaction processes between solvents and 6H SiC (001) surfaces. The oxidation of SiC surface in water and alcohol solvent is found to go through three stages: in the first stage, the solvent molecules move towards the SiC surface and react with the uncoordinated Si atoms and C atoms on the surface; in the second stage, the solvent molecules adsorbed on the surface of SiC reduces the Si –C bonding energy and promotes the breaking of Si –C bonds; in the third final stage, the migration of OH and H on the SiC surface induces the formation of Si – O –Si bonds, which promotes the continuous oxidation of the SiC surface. The order of simulated chemical reactivity between solvent and silicon carbide surface is consistent with experimental polishing removal rates. The reaction mechanism of solvent on silicon carbide surface was proposed by combining ReaxFF simulation results with polishing experiments, AFM, and XPS data analysis, shedding new insights on better understanding the mechanism of SiC chemical mechanical polishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non-Newtonian liquid scheme is created to address the limitations of the classical (Newtonian) scheme in terms of accurately reflecting real-world fluid flow behavior in industrial applications and improving operational efficiency. The Reiner–Philippoff model, one of the many extant models, modeling non-Newtonian fluids, is of concern because it only captures a few features in some circumstances. Thus, this study aims to investigate the theoretical aspects of Cattaneo–Christov for heat diffusion fusion of Reiner–Philippoff liquid stream in the presence of Darcy–Forchheimer media. Furthermore, the procedure of heat transport is taken out in the occurrence of nonlinear heat radiative, viscous dissipation and Ohmic heating. The partial derivatives of nonlinear differential equations are changed into similarity equations of a certain form by using appropriate similarity transformations. Furthermore, the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method with shooting approach is utilized to solve the dimensionless model. The influence of pertinent fluid flow parameters is illustrated graphically. The further engineering curiosity of a local Nusselt number is illustrated and analyzed. It is found that velocity curve is boosted with the augmenting scales of Reiner–Philippoff liquid parameter and Forchheimer number. Further, it is analyzed that increasing the thermal relaxation parameter and Eckert number reduces the heat transport rate at the surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the bioconvection impact on mixed convective Carreau fluid flowing toward permeable stretched surface with joule heating and Darcy‐Forchheimer effect. The evaluation has been attained in the presence of convective conditions, Joule heating, thermal radiative, mixed convective and motile microorganisms, which have not been dreamed before. Flow in permeable medium is characterized by utilizing Darcy‐Forchheimer model. Appropriate similarity factors are utilized to obtain the ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The derived mathematical formulation is now numerically solved with the help of R‐K 4th order scheme based on shooting approach. The results of the motile microorganism number, velocity, Sherwood number, temperature, motile density number, drag coefficient, concentration, and local Nusselt number are revealed graphically. The effect of bioconvection Lewis number on the motile microorganisms and motile density profile are quite inverse. Further, higher values of Schmidt number decrease the concentration field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this article is on examining the impacts of mixed convection flow of Carreau fluid past a permeable stretched surface with Soret and Dufour effects occurring. For the flow analysis, the Darcy–Forchheimer porosity medium is taken into account. In order to explore the transference analysis of heat and mass rate, the impressions of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, heat generation, Arrhenius activation energy, convective heat, and mass conditions impacts are taken into consideration. The flow equations initially exist as PDEs, and we then employ appropriate similarity transformations to change them into ODEs. The R–K 4th order strategy based on the shooting approach is used to numerically solve these ODEs. Through various emergent variables, the numerical results for the velocity, temperature, and concentration fields are shown. For a variety of distinct variables, the physical quantities such as friction factor, local Nusselt number, and local Sherwood numbers are shown. It is noted that the velocity field is reduced by the magnetic field, but the Weissenberg number buoyancy ratio parameter exhibits the opposite tendency. Further, it is noticed that temperature and concentration distributions have an improving tendency for the Soret and Dufour parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript, an analysis is carried out on the dynamic behavior of the ill-posed Boussinesq equation, which arises in nonlinear lattices and shallow water waves. The simplified Hirota method is employed to obtain multi-wave structures, such as one-soliton, two-soliton and three-soliton solutions. Some solutions are visually demonstrated through 3D, 2D and density plots. Furthermore, a comprehensive discussion on the stability analysis of the equation under study is presented. These results are innovative and have not been previously investigated in the context of this equation. These results show that the methodology used is concise, straightforward, and efficient, and as a result, it makes a significant contribution to comprehending the complexity of multi-wave profiles in nonlinear physical science models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we investigate the existence of a nontrivial solution for the nonlinear Choquard equation with upper critical exponent see Equation (6). The Riesz potential in this case has never been studied. We establish the existence of the ground state solution within bounded domains Ω ⊂ R N . Variational methods are used for this purpose. This method proved to be instrumental in our research, enabling us to address the problem effectively. The study of the existence of ground state solutions for the Choquard equation with a critical exponent has applications and relevance in various fields, primarily in theoretical physics and mathematical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are promising for chemical and biological sensing applications. This work studies the basic operating principles and the physical behaviors of the "Rayleigh"-SAW and the "Shear Horizontal (SH-)" bulk acoustic wave (BAW), particularly in relation to the chemisorption process. A complete 3D delay line SAW model is developed and performed by the finite element analysis, and a methodology was introduced for characterizing the transmission characteristics (S21) of these devices. Notably, our investigation unveils an intriguing phenomenon in the behavior of SH-BAW in response to loading mass. We observed an anomalous shift in the central frequency, which increases as the chemical adsorbate concentration rises. Leveraging these insights, we designed and constructed a SAW-based gas sensor, and the vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane was synthesized for the detection of chloroform, a challenging pollutant to identify. Through a comparative study, we illustrate distinct responses of Rayleigh-SAW and SH-BAW devices to accumulated loading mass and gaseous contaminants. These experimental results validate and corroborate our simulations. This work demonstrates a unique mass-loading effect exhibited by SH-BAW devices, which differs from the existing theories. These findings offer the opportunity to refine and enhance models for accurately describing the functionality of delay line SAW sensors, thereby contributing to improved sensor reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tensor product non-weight Virasoro modules M (V , λ 0) ⊗ ⨂ i = 1 m Ω (λ i , α i) are studied in this paper, where Ω (λ i , α i) and M (V , λ 0) (with λ 0 , λ i , α i ∈ C ∗ and V being an irreducible module over a certain finite dimensional Lie algebra related to the Virasoro algebra) are irreducible Virasoro modules, respectively, defined in Liu and Zhao [Generalized polynomial modules over the Virasoro algebra. Proc Amer Math Soc. 2016;144:5103–5112] and Lü and Zhao [Irreducible Virasoro modules from irreducible Weyl modules. J Algebra. 2014;414:271–287]. The necessary and sufficient condition for M (V , λ 0) ⊗ ⨂ i = 1 m Ω (λ i , α i) to be irreducible is obtained. Then we determine the necessary and sufficient condition for two such irreducible modules to be isomorphic. At last, we show that the irreducible L -modules M (V , λ 0) ⊗ ⨂ i = 1 m Ω (λ i , α i) are new for m>1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the following fourth order elliptic equation Δ 2 u - Δ u + u = κ (x) | u | q - 2 u + | u | p - 2 u , where Δ 2 : = Δ (Δ) is the biharmonic operator, u ∈ H 2 (R N) , N > 4 , 1 < q < 2 < p < 2 ∗ = 2 N N - 4 , and the weight function κ may change sign in R N . By using the Nehari manifold method, we obtain two distinct solutions to this problem under the predefined conditions of κ . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the chemically reactive process of time-dependent bioconvective magnetohydrodynamic Williamson nanofluid flowing toward a wedge with radiative heat in the presence of gyrotactic motile microorganisms. The main goal is to boost heat transport. Nanoparticles are the most significant and widely utilized source of heat in both science and industrial mechanisms. Nanotechnology with remarkable thermal properties has a variety of roles in laser diode, energy transport, boilers, power generation, MEMS, medication, cool automobile engines, and electronic cooling mechanisms, among many others. The current prominent problem considering this stream is involved partial differential equations (PDEs). A suitable modification is utilized to change PDEs to ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which are computationally solved by mean of R-K fourth-order approach based on shooting technique. The prominent characteristics of nanoparticles such as liquid velocity, concentricity, thermal, drag friction factor, motile organisms, heat and mass transport, and density of motile microorganisms are examined concerning numerous variables. It is noticeable that the velocity curve declined for the escalated valuation of the Hartmann number and bioconvective Rayleigh number. The motile density decayed by climbing valuation of Lewis number and microorganisms difference factor. A review of the available research in the field verifies the findings stated above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAV) have seen a rapid development over the past decade. However, wide diffusion of high level CAVs is still decades to come, and will depend on many technological, policy and public acceptance factors. Merging a traditional Bass Diffusion Model with a discrete choice model in a system dynamics approach, this study modelled CAV diffusion from 2020 to 2070 in the UK, considering mode choices of CAV private car, CAV car/ride sharing and CAV bus, their possible impacts on road network performance and sustainability, and the feedback of these impacts to CAV diffusion. Results of this study suggest that without interventions CAV diffusion will start to increase rapidly from 2035, and reach market saturation of 98% in around 2057. CAV diffusion will lead to reductions in average travel time, average travel cost, carbon emission and traffic accident. Training campaign, which prepares the general public to be ready for CAVs, is more effective in accelerating CAV diffusion than marketing campaign, which mainly targets the innovators and early adopters. Promoting shared CAVs and CAV public transport can contribute to more sustainable and more affordable mobility with CAVs, although this may lead to smaller CAV market size in terms of CAV sale, and the market size may reduce at a higher rate than sustainability enhancement. • Diffusion of CAVs was simulated using system dynamics modelling based on Bass model. • CAVs of different modes, as well as wider impacts of CAV diffusion, were considered. • Interventions to accelerate CAV diffusion and to optimise CAV impacts were tested. • Training campaign for general public is important for accelerating CAV diffusion. • Promoting shared CAVs and CAV public transport can optimise CAV impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we construct a new family of multibump solutions to the following Choquard equation 0.1−Δu+V(|y|)u=(|x|−1∗K(|x|)|u|p)K(|y|)|u|p−2u,inℝ3,$$ -\Delta u+V\left(|y|\right)u=\left({\left|x\right|}^{-1}\ast K\left(|x|\right){\left|u\right|}^p\right)K\left(|y|\right){\left|u\right|}^{p-2}u,\kern0.5em \mathrm{in}\kern0.5em {\mathrm{\mathbb{R}}}^3, $$where V(r)$$ V(r) $$ and K(r)$$ K(r) $$ are radial positive functions and both of them satisfy some decay conditions at infinity. The centers of these bumps are located in points on two circles. More precisely, the new type of solutions has polygonal symmetry in the (y1,y2)$$ \left({y}_1,{y}_2\right) $$‐plane and even symmetry about the y3$$ {y}_3 $$‐axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are large uncertainties that exist in El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) predictions. Errors in model parameters are one of the factors limiting ENSO prediction skill. In this study, we look for the model parameters that can induce the largest least-square changes in the sea surface temperature predictions for four El Niño events that were optimized to fit observations in the tropical Pacific: 1982 and 1987 eastern Pacific (EP) events and 1990 and 1994 central Pacific (CP) events. The ENSO model is an intermediate coupled model used at the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS ICM). The sensitivity of the prediction skill for each type of El Niño to the model parameters is analyzed using an optimization parameter sensitivity analysis (OPSA) method. Perturbation experiments allow us to identify three important model parameters that play a key role in ENSO dynamics from nine selected parameters. These three, αTea, ατ, and αHF, are related to the thermocline feedback, wind stress, and heat flux, respectively. αTea and ατ are important for both types of El Niño events, while αHF is another important parameter that impacts CP events. Our results show that ENSO predictions can be improved by accurate estimates of the sensitive parameters identified here. In particular, it is reasonable that accurate estimates of αHF make more sense for improving CP El Niño prediction than for improving EP El Niño prediction. Increasing αTea or ατ or decreasing αHF tends to increase the amplitudes of these warm events. The two types of El Niño events have different sensitivities to the parameter αHF, which is attributed to the role played by the vertical mixing process in the eastern equatorial Pacific. These parameter sensitivity analyses provide an improved understanding of ENSO predictability, and highlight the special importance of αHF for enhancing the prediction skill for the CP El Niño. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider a class of Kirchhoff type equation with Hartree nonlinearity: − (1 + a ∫ R N | ∇ u | 2 d x) Δ u + λ V (x) u = (I α ∗ Q | u | p) Q | u | p − 2 u i n R N , where N ≥ 3 , a , λ > 0 parameters, V ∈ C (R N , R +) , I α is the Riesz potential, Q (x) ≥ 0 in R N , and 1 + α N < p < N + α N − 2 . Under some suitable assumptions for potential V (x) and spatial dimensions N, by using the filtration of Nehari manifold and Ekeland variational principle, we prove that above nonlocal equation admits at least two positive solutions. The effect of the steep potential well and spatial dimensions on the number of positive solutions are completely showed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, non-weight modules over the super-BMS3 algebras 픖휖 (휖 = 0 or 1 2) are constructed. Assume that 픱 = ℂL0 ⊕ ℂW0 ⊕ ℂG0 and 픗 = ℂL0 ⊕ ℂW0 are the Cartan subalgebra (modulo center) of 픖0 and 픖1 2, respectively. These modules over 픖0 when restricted to the 픱 are free of rank 1, while these modules over 픖1 2 when restricted to the 픗 are free of rank 2. Then we determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for these modules being simple, as well as determining the necessary and sufficient conditions for two 픖휖-modules being isomorphic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the normalized solutions for the nonlinear critical Kirchhoff equations with combined nonlinearities in R 4 . In particular, in the case of N = 4 , there is a new mass-energy doubly critical phenomenon for Kirchhoff equation with combined nonlinearities that the mass critical exponent 2 + 8 N is equal to the energy critical exponent 2 N N − 2 , which remains unsolved in the existing literature. To deal with the special difficulties created by the nonlocal term and doubly critical term, we develop a perturbed Pohožaev constraint method based on the splitting properties of the Brézis-Lieb lemma, and make some subtle energy estimates. By decomposing Pohožaev manifold and constructing fiber map, we prove the existence of a positive normalized ground state. Moreover, we also explore the asymptotic behavior of the obtained normalized solutions. These conclusions extend some known ones in previous papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the existence of normalized ground states for nonlinear fractional Kirchhoff equations with Sobolev critical exponent and mixed nonlinearities in R 3 . To overcome the special difficulties created by the nonlocal term and fractional Sobolev critical term, we develop a perturbed Pohožaev method based on the Brézis–Lieb lemma and monotonicity trick. Using the Pohožaev manifold decomposition and fibering map, we prove the existence of a positive normalized ground state. Moreover, the asymptotic behavior of the obtained normalized solutions is also explored. These conclusions extend some known ones in previous papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are concerned with the following Choquard equation: −Δpu+A|x|θ|u|p−2u=Iα∗F(u)f(u),x∈RN,$$\begin{equation*} \hspace*{5pc}-\Delta _{p}u + \frac{A}{|x|^{\theta }}|u|^{p-2}u = {\left(I_{\alpha }*F(u)\right)}f(u), \, x\in \mathbb {R}^{N}, \end{equation*}$$where p∈(1,N)$p\in (1,N)$, α∈(0,N)$\alpha \in (0,N)$, θ∈[0,p)∪p,(N−1)pp−1$\theta \in [0,p)\cup \left(p,\frac{(N-1)p}{p-1}\right)$, A>0$A>0$, Δp$\Delta _{p}$ is the p‐Laplacian, Iα$I_{\alpha }$ is the Riesz potential, and F is the primitive of f which is of critical growth due to the Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality. Under different range of θ and almost necessary conditions on the nonlinearity f in the spirit of Berestycki–Lions‐type conditions, we divide this paper into three parts. By applying the refined Sobolev inequality with Morrey norm and the generalized version of the Lions‐type theorem, some existence results are established. It is worth noting that our method is not involving the concentration–compactness principle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deceptive behaviour is a common phenomenon in human society. Research has shown that humans are not good at distinguishing deception, so studying automated deception detection techniques is a critical task. Most of the relevant technologies are susceptible to personal and environmental influences: EEG-based technologies need large and expensive equipment, facial-based technologies are sensitive with the camera's perspective, and these reasons have somewhat limited the development of applications for deception detection technologies. In contrast, the equipment required for speech deception detection is cheap and easy to use, and the capture of speech is highly covert. Based on the application of signal decomposition algorithms in other fields such as EEG signals and speech emotion recognition, this paper proposed a signal decomposition and reconstruction method based on EMD to process the speech signal and a better deception detection performance was obtained by improving the speech quality. The comparison results with other decomposition algorithms showed that the EMD decomposition algorithm is the most suitable for our method. Across many different classification algorithms, accuracy improved by an average of 2.05% and the F1 score improved by an average of 1.7%. In addition, a new deception detector, called the TCN-LSTM network, was proposed in this paper. Experiments showed that this network organically combines the processing capability of TCN and LSTM for time series data; the recognition rate of deception detection was greatly improved, with the highest accuracy and F1 score reaching 86.2% and 86.0% under the EMD-based signal decomposition reconstruction method. Based on the research in this paper, the signal decomposition algorithms need to be further optimised for speech signals and more classification algorithms not used for this task should be tried. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, a class of new simple modules over the N = 1 Ramond algebra are constructed, which are induced from simple modules over some finite dimensional solvable Lie superalgebras. These new modules are simple restricted modules over the N = 1 Ramond algebra. Combined with the result in [22] , a classification of simple weak ψ -twisted W ¯ (0 , c) -modules under certain conditions is also given. At last, some examples of simple restricted N = 1 Ramond modules as various versions of Whittaker modules are presented (classical Whittaker modules were studied in [17]). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A practical solution to the power allocation problem in ultra-dense small cell networks can be achieved by using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) methods. Unlike traditional algorithms, DRL methods are capable of achieving low latency and operating without the need for global real-time channel state information (CSI). Based on the actor–critic framework, we propose a policy optimization of the power allocation algorithm (POPA) for small cell networks in this paper. The POPA adopts the proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm to update the policy, which has been shown to have stable exploration and convergence effects in our simulations. Thanks to our proposed actor–critic architecture with distributed execution and centralized exploration training, the POPA can meet real-time requirements and has multi-dimensional scalability. Through simulations, we demonstrate that the POPA outperforms existing methods in terms of spectral efficiency. Our findings suggest that the POPA can be of practical value for power allocation in small cell networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional aqueous-based polishing slurries have been extensively used in the ultra-precision machining process of SiC substrates, but their processing efficiency remains a major challenge in making SiC wafers with high surface quality. SiC polishing slurries based on non-aqueous solvents have been explored and reported, however, the mechanism for the accelerated SiC material removal rate (MRR) remains unknown. In this work, the Si-face and C-face of the SiC wafer were polished with water and methanol as polishing liquid carriers, respectively. The MRR of Si-face using the methanol-based slurry, can reach 260.9 nm/h, and the polished Si-face surface roughness Ra reduces to 0.150 nm. In contrast, the MRR of Si-face by using the aqueous-based slurry, is 66.8 nm/h, the polished Si-face surface roughness Ra is 0.691 nm. However, the results of MRR and Ra for C-face are opposite. The reaction between the polishing liquid carriers and the atomic structures of Si-face and C-face lead to differences of the MRRs by analyzing contact angle, XPS, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results. The newly revealed polishing mechanisms shined light for speeding up the development of SiC polishing slurries based on the specific aspects of the polishing surface of SiC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the following fractional Kirchhoff equation (a + b ∫ R 3 | (− Δ) s 2 u | 2 d x) (− Δ) s u = λ u + μ | u | q − 2 u + | u | p − 2 u in R 3 , with a prescribed mass ∫ R 3 | u | 2 d x = c 2 , where s ∈ (3 4 , 1) , a, b, c>0, 2 < q < p < 2 s ∗ = 6 3 − 2 s , μ > 0 and λ ∈ R as a Lagrange multiplier. By decomposing Pohozaev set and constructing fiber map, the existence and properties of normalized ground states are established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hash is one of the most widely used methods for computing efficiency and storage efficiency. With the development of deep learning, the deep hash method shows more advantages than traditional methods. This paper proposes a method to convert entities with attribute information into embedded vectors (FPHD). The design uses the hash method to quickly extract entity features, and uses a deep neural network to learn the implicit association between entity features. This design solves two main problems in large-scale dynamic data addition: (1) The linear growth of the size of the embedded vector table and the size of the vocabulary table leads to huge memory consumption. (2) It is difficult to deal with the problem of adding new entities to the retraining model. Finally, taking the movie data as an example, this paper introduces the encoding method and the specific algorithm flow in detail, and realizes the effect of rapid reuse of dynamic addition data model. Compared with three existing embedding algorithms that can fuse entity attribute information, the deep hash embedding algorithm proposed in this paper has significantly improved in time complexity and space complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the existence of positive solutions to the fractional Kirchhoff-type problems involving steep potential well λ V and sign-changing nonlinearity f (x) | u | p − 2 u (2 < p < 4). Applying truncation technique and mountain pass theorem, we investigate the existence of positive solutions under suitable assumptions when 2

This paper is concerned with the following fractional Schrödinger–Poisson system: { (− Δ) α u + V λ (x) u + μ ϕ u = f (x , u) + β (x) | u | ν − 2 u in R 3 , (− Δ) t ϕ = u 2 in R 3 , where μ > 0 is a parameter, α , t ∈ (0 , 1) , ν ∈ (1 , 2) , 2 α + 2 t > 3 , V λ is allowed to be sign-changing and f is an indefinite function. We require that V λ (x) = λ V + (x) − V − (x) with V + (x) having a potential well Ω whose depth is controlled by λ and V − (x) ≥ 0 for all x ∈ R 3 . Under some suitable assumptions on V λ (x) and f (x , u) , we prove that the above system has at least two nontrivial solutions. Moreover, the phenomenon of concentration of the solutions is also explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is dedicated to the following Kirchhoff-type problem with Hartree-type nonlinearity: - (ε 2 a + ε b ∫ R 3 | ∇ u | 2 d x) ▵ u + V (x) u = ε μ - 3 K (x) (W μ (x) ∗ | u | p ) | u | p - 2 u , u ∈ H 1 (R 3) , where a , b ≥ 0 are constants, ε > 0 is a parameter, 0 < μ < 3 , p ∈ [ 2 , 6 - μ) , W μ (x) is convolution kernel, V(x) is nonnegative continuous external potential and K (x) ∈ C 1 (R 3) . Under some suitable assumptions on V(x) and K(x), we prove the existence and concentration of a positive ground state solution as ε → 0 via Poho z ˇ aev–Nehari manifold method. If K(x) is a positive constant, as its supplementary results, we also obtain the nonexistence of nontrivial solutions for p ≥ 6 - μ . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let H be the twisted Heisenberg–Virasoro algebra. In this paper, we first present a method to produce a class of tensor product H -modules, by which we can obtain the known weight H -modules M (V , A α , b) and non-weight H -modules M (V , Ω (λ)) . Then we study a class of linear tensor product non-weight modules M (V , Ω (λ 0)) ⊗ ⨂ i = 1 m Ω (λ i , α i , β i) over H . The necessary and sufficient conditions for M (V , Ω (λ 0)) ⊗ ⨂ i = 1 m Ω (λ i , α i , β i) to be irreducible are obtained. We also determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for two such irreducible H -modules to be isomorphic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association between serum calcium levels and the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains controversial. This study aimed to explore the association between serum calcium and in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI. The data of this study were extracted from the Philips eICU Collaborative Research Database. A total of 7284 patients were eventually enrolled in this study, of which 799 (10.97%) died during hospitalization. For each patient, serum calcium, corrected to albumin, was calculated and categorized into four groups: Q1 ≤ 8.5, Q2 8.5–9.5, Q3 9.5–10.5, and Q4 > 10.5 mg/dL. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that corrected sCa was an independent predictor of in-hospital death (Q2 vs. Q1, OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.4–0.7, P < 0.001; Q3 vs. Q1, OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.6–1.0, P = 0.035; Q4 vs. Q1, OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.3, P = 0.008). The association remained stable in the fully adjusted model. A significant U-shaped association between corrected serum calcium and in-hospital mortality was observed in piecewise linear regression model (Corrected sCa < 9.4 mg/dL, OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7–0.9, P < 0.001; corrected sCa > 9.4 mg/dL, OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3–1.8, P < 0.001). In conclusion, both decreased and increased corrected serum calcium is associated with increased in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI, and patients may have the lowest risk of in-hospital death when corrected serum calcium is 9.4 mg/dL (2.35 mmol/L). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main feature of the current investigation is to analyze the magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection flow of Cross fluid. Flow is due to a movable thin needle with Soret and Dufour effect. Heat generation/absorption and nonlinear heat radiation are used in the energy equation. Characteristics of the chemical reaction and thermal activation are given special attention. Appropriate variables are introduced for the transformation of partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations. With the assistance of Runge–Kutta Fehlberg's fourth- fifth-order method with the shooting technique, we determined the prominent result numerically. The prominent examined parameters range is velocity and temperature ratios, heat generation, Dufour, Hartmann, Schmidt numbers ( 0.1 ≤ λ , θ w , Q , D u , M , S c ≤ 0.7 ), needle thickness ( 0 ≤ a ≤ 15 ), radiative parameter ( 5 ≤ R d ≤ 8 ), and Weissenberg number ( 0.01 ≤ W e ≤ 0.09 ), respectively. Graphs for velocity, thermal, concentration, Skin friction coefficient, and heat and mass transport rates are displayed and analyzed for physical parameters. A similar observation of mixed convection and needle thickness parameter is seen on the velocity field. Temperature and heat transfer rate are reverse behavior in the frame of the Dufour effect. Moreover, an enhancement in chemical reaction shows decay to the concentration field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider a class of critical Schrödinger-Bopp-Podolsky system. By virtue of the Nehari manifold and variational methods, we study the existence, nonexistence and asymptotic behavior of ground state solutions for this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider a class of nonlinear fractional Schrödinger–Poisson system as follows: (- Δ) α u + λ V (x) u + G (x) ϕ u = f (x , u) , x ∈ R 3 , (- Δ) α ϕ = G (x) K α u 2 , x ∈ R 3 , where α ∈ (0 , 1) , K α = π - α Γ (α) π - (3 - 2 α) / 2 Γ ((3 - 2 α) / 2) , V ∈ C (R 3) is a potential well, G ∈ L ∞ (R 3) is nonnegative and f ∈ C (R 3 × R) satisfies the sublinear condition in R 3 . By using variational methods and the genus properties in critical point theory, we study the existence and multiplicity of negative energy solutions for the above system. Moreover, the concentration of solutions is also explored on the set V - (0) as λ → ∞ . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The past decade has seen a rapid acceleration in investment on and development of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs). Cities need to be ready for the mass adoption of CAVs, to harness their benefits and minimise negative impacts. However, currently there are no concrete frameworks and criteria to measure city readiness for CAVs, and existing literature lacks quantitative multi-stakeholder analysis for this multi-stakeholder issue. This study thus aims to contribute to the knowledge gaps by exploring different stakeholders' assessment criteria on cities' infrastructure readiness, policy and regulation readiness, and citizen readiness for CAVs, using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Data were collected through an online survey (N = 381) with participants representing three professional and three general public stakeholder groups. The results show that infrastructure readiness was overall considered most important, and there were different opinions between stakeholder groups especially regarding policy and regulation readiness. These differences might be associated with stakeholder groups' expectations on the potential impacts of CAVs. Exchanges of views and concerns between different stakeholder groups are needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of how cities can be best prepared for CAVs. • Six stakeholder groups' criteria weighting regarding city readiness for CAVs is explored. • Infrastructure readiness is considered most important, particularly physical infrastructure. • Transport experts give relatively high weights to sustainability and equity, different from other groups. • Differences between groups might be associated with their expected impacts of CAVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Moral disengagement may affect human drivers' interactions with autonomous vehicles. • Moral disengagement is evaluated with the development of a new scale. • Moral disengagement is affected by personality traits, driving style and attitudes. • Predictors of aggressive driving may apply in interactions with autonomous vehicles. The introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in the road transportation systems raises questions with respect to their interactions with human drivers', especially during the early stages. Issues such as unfamiliarity or false assumptions regarding the timid and safe behaviour of AVs could potentially result in undesirable human driver behaviours, for instance "testing" AVs or being aggressive towards them. Among other factors, morality has been determined as a source of aggressive driving behaviour. Following previous approaches on moral disengagement, the current paper argues that moral standards during interactions of human drivers with AVs could potentially blur, leading to the disengagement of self-regulation mechanisms of moral behaviour. The study investigates the impact of moral disengagement on the intention of human drivers to be aggressive towards AVs. To that end, an online survey was conducted including a newly developed survey of moral disengagement, adapted to the context of AVs. Moreover, measures of personality, driving style, attitudes towards sharing the road with AVs and perceived threats were collected. A confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the concept of moral disengagement in the context of AVs. Moreover, relationships between personality, driving style and attitudes towards sharing the road with AVs were found, via a structural equation modelling approach (SEM). The results could have implications in the future driver training and education programmes, as it might be necessary to not only focus on driving skills but also on the development of procedural skills that will improve the understanding of AVs' capabilities and ensure safer interactions. Efforts on improving attitudes towards AVs may also be necessary for improving human driver behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocellulose has broad and promising applications owing to its low density, large specific surface area, high mechanical strength, modifiability, renewability. Recently, nanocellulose has been widely used to fabricate flexible, durable and environmental-friendly sensor substrates. In this contribution, the construction and characteristics of nanocellulose-based sensors are comprehensively reviewed. Various nanocellulose-based sensors are summarized and divided into colorimetric, fluorescent, electronic, electrochemical and SERS types according to the sensing mechanism. This review also introduces the applications of nanocellulose-based sensors in the fields of biomedicine, environmental monitoring, food safety, and wearable devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the nonlinear Choquard equation - Δ u + u = | x - y | - μ ∗ G (u) g (u) , in R N , where 0 < μ < min { N , 4 } , N ≥ 3 , g (u) ∈ C (R , R) satisfies very general critical growth conditions in the sense of the Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality and G (u) = ∫ 0 u g (s) d s . Using the Pohozaev constraint, we find that the above problem admits a ground state solution of Pohozaev type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the construction method of highway tunnel fault, improve the excavation level, improve the construction efficiency, reduce the project cost, and shorten the construction period, so as to find a specific road, this paper puts forward the research method of tunnel stability analysis and construction parameter optimization in the fault fracture zone. First, this paper analyzes the specific geographical and geological environment of the construction site. Second, this paper compares and analyzes the effects of the drilling and blasting method and full-face tunnel boring machine (TBM) in construction and further analyzes the surrounding rock deformation, over excavation, and under excavation, as well as the range of loose circles when the surrounding rock is stable. Then, this paper discusses the minimum smooth blasting parameters under these conditions. Finally, the actual blasting effect of tunnel construction is tested and the optimization algorithm model of tunnel fault drilling and blasting parameters is established. The results show that the proposed optimization model of drilling and blasting construction parameters for highway tunnel faults based on the Support Vector Regression (SVR) algorithm combined with a genetic algorithm (GA) has a short calculation time and high parameter optimization accuracy. It is very feasible to optimize the construction parameters of the fault drilling and blasting method, which can greatly improve the construction efficiency, carry out the detailed simulation, reduce the cost, and increase safety. In summary, it has a certain reference significance for the optimization of highway tunnel construction and future research by drilling and blasting method under complex geological conditions in my country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) are decorated by l -cysteine (L-Cys), and the resultant chiral L-Cys/AuNPs can be used for colorimetric discrimination and spectroscopic detection of the tyrosine (Tyr) enantiomers. Melamine (Mel) can induce the aggregation of the L-Cys/AuNPs through ligand exchange, leading to a distinct color change from wine red to purple. Owing to the same rotatory direction of L-Cys/AuNPs and L-Tyr, the L-Cys/AuNPs exhibit a significantly higher binding affinity toward L-Tyr than D-Tyr, and thus the Mel induced aggregation of the L-Cys/AuNPs is greatly alleviated by the protection from the L-Tyr protective layer. Therefore, the Tyr enantiomers can be simply discriminated by naked eyes. In addition, the absorbance of the aggregated L-Cys/AuNPs at ∼630 nm increases linearly with decreasing concentrations of L-Tyr ranging from 10 nM to 1 mM due to the weakened protection effect from L-Tyr, and thus spectroscopic detection of L-Tyr can also be accomplished by the developed L-Cys/AuNPs with a limit of detection (LOD) of 5.3 nM. [Display omitted] • Chiral L-Cys/AuNPs are facilely prepared by using L-Cys as the chiral source. • The L-Cys/AuNPs exhibit a greatly higher binding affinity toward L-Tyr than D-Tyr. • Mel induced aggregation of L-Cys/AuNPs is inhibited by the protection from L-Tyr. • The Tyr enantiomers can be simply discriminated by naked eyes. • Spectroscopic detection of L-Tyr can be accomplished with the developed L-Cys/AuNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the existence and multiplicity of nonnegative solutions for the following critical Kirchhoff equation involving the fractional p‐Laplace operator (−Δ)ps. More precisely, we consider M∬ℝ2N|u(x)−u(y)|p|x−y|N+psdxdy(−Δ)psu=λf(x)|u|q−2u+K(x)|u|ps*−2u,inΩ,u=0,inℝN\Ω,where Ω⊂ℝN is an open bounded domain with Lipschitz boundary ∂Ω,M(t)=a+btm−1 with m > 1, a > 0, b > 0, dimension N>sp,ps*=NpN−ps is the fractional critical Sobolev exponent, and the parameters λ > 0, 0 < s < 1 < q < p < ∞. Applying the Nehari manifold, fibering maps and Krasnoselskii genus theory, we investigate the existence and multiplicity of nonnegative solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In various applications of blockchain, how to index spatio-temporal data more efficiently has become a subject of continuous attention. The existing spatio-temporal data query in the blockchain is realized by adding additional external storage or fixed spatio-temporal index in the block, without considering the distribution of the spatio-temporal query itself and the proof performance accompanying the query. We propose an adaptive spatio-temporal blockchain index method, called Verkle AR*-tree, which adds the verification of time and location in the blockchain without additional storage and realizes the spatio-temporal index with an encrypted signature. Verkle AR*-tree further provides an adaptive algorithm, which adjusts the tree structure according to the historical query to produce the optimized index structure. The experimental results based on the pokeman dataset show that compared with the existing static spatio-temporal index, our method can effectively increase the performance of the spatio-temporal query and the spatio-temporal commitment in the blockchain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bacillus cereus sensu lato group consists of several closely related species, including B. anthracis, B. cereus sensu stricto, and B. thuringiensis. Spores of these pathogenic bacteria are commonly found in the soil but evidence suggests that they are unable to grow in such a natural environment in the absence of nutrient input. Amoebas have been reported to be an amplifier for several species of pathogenic bacteria and their potential involvement to explain the large amount of B. thuringiensis and B. cereus spores in soil has been frequently proposed. Here, we studied the fate of Bacillus and amoebas when cultured together. We show that the virulence factors produced by B. thuringiensis and B. cereus do not affect the amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii, which, on the contrary, can phagocytose and effectively digest vegetative Bacillus cells to grow and prevent the formation of cysts. Bacterial spores can germinate in the amoeba environment and the vegetative cells can then form chains or aggregates that appear to be less efficiently phagocyted by the amoeba. The use of transcriptional fusions between fluorescent reporter genes and stationary phase- and sporulation-specific promoters showed that the sporulation process occurs more efficiently in the presence of amoebas than in their absence. Moreover, our results showed the amoeba environment to promote spore germination and allow the bacteria to complete their developmental cycle. Overall, this study suggests that the amoeba-Bacillus interaction creates a virtuous circle in which each protagonist helps the other to develop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are considerable amounts of offshore oil/gas fields in the South China Sea (SCS), and for potential oil spill events in this area, dispersants may provide a reliable large-scale response when the preferable option of recapturing the oil cannot be achieved. In this paper, effect of chemical dispersants on underwater oil transport is investigated with an underwater oil spill model. Since the model is an adaption of an existing one, we first calibrate it by comparing the model result with echo-sounder data that were observed during the "DeepSpill" experiment with crude oil/LNG (liquefied natural gas) discharge. Then, with the hydrodynamic data provided by an operational forecasting system and the drilling data obtained from offshore platforms in the SCS, we apply the model to a hypothetical spill case, and examine the difference in oil distribution in water column caused by subsea dispersant application. The model results can provide valuable reference for contingency plan makers to make an efficient emergency response to potential underwater oil spill accidents in the SCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the existence of nodal solutions for a class of Kirchhoff-type problem - a ∫ R N | ∇ u | 2 d x + b Δ u + u = f (x) | u | p - 2 u , in R N , where a , b > 0 , N ≥ 4 , 2 < p < 2 ∗ = 2 N N - 2 and the positive continuous function f (x) ∈ L ∞ (R N) . Combining a novel constraint manifold method with the detailed energy estimates, we prove that the above problem admits a nodal solution when N = 4 while two nodal solutions with opposite energy level for corresponding action functional are achieved when N ≥ 5 by controlling the parameter a sufficiently small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]