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This paper discusses using ground-based imagery to determine the attitude of a flying projectile assuming prior knowledge of its external geometry. It presents a segmentation-based approach to follow the object and evaluates it quantitatively with simulated data and qualitatively with both simulated and real data. Two experimental cases are considered: One assumes reliable target distance measurement from an auxiliary range sensor, while the other assumes no range information. The results show that in the case of an unknown projectile–camera distance, with projectile dimensions of 1.378 m and 0.08 m in length and diameter, the estimated distance, in-plane location, and pitch angle accuracies are about 50 m, 0.15 m, and 6 degrees, respectively. Yaw angle estimation is ambiguous. In the second case, assuming that the projectile–camera distance is known resolves the ambiguity of yaw estimation, resulting in accuracies of about 0.15 m, 3 degrees, and 20 degrees for in-plane location, pitch, and yaw angles, respectively. These accuracies were normalized to a 1-km projectile–camera distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nata de coco, known as bacterial cellulose (BC), has been given much attention in the food industry and biomaterial areas due to its specific properties such as low calorie content, high content of fiber, high purity and high biocompatibility. Komagataeibacter spp. are indispensable microorganisms for BC production due to their highly efficient production. Here, proteomics was applied to investigate the metabolism regulation mechanisms of BC yield improvements in K. nataicola Y19 by 48 ± 3% after ethanol supplementation. The results evidenced that differentially expressed proteins involved in the BC biosynthesis system, glycolytic pathway, TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation process were up-regulated. The proteins accelerated the BC biosynthesis by providing more energy and via intermediate metabolites. Furthermore, the elongation factor Tu, chaperone DnaK and translocase subunit SecB may be involved in the BC synthesis procedure by regulating electron transfer, hydrolysis of ATP and protein transformation. Moreover, the ethanol-enhanced BC biosynthesis may be associated with the decreased expression of endoglucanase. This research elucidates the proteomics mechanism of higher BC production based on ethanol addition, providing references for nata de coco production efficiency and the synthetic regulation of bacterial cellulose in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the optimal culture conditions for adventitious bud regeneration of stem explants in Aoectochilus formosanus, the stem segments from the sterile seedlings were used as explants, and different concentrations of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6), kinetin (KT), Cu2+ and glutamine (Gln) were separately added into MS medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and the induction rate and the induction multiple of adventitious buds were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that the regeneration of adventitious buds could be promoted, when 2 mg/L DA-6, 0.4 mg/L KT and 15 mg/L Gln were added in mediums. However, the effect of Cu2+ on the regeneration of adventitious buds in A. formosanus was enhanced by low concentration and suppressed by high concentration, and the best concentration of Cu2+ was 5 mg/L.

Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a metabolic pathway that generates NADPH and pentose. PPP genes have been reported to be primarily or secondarily upregulated in many cancers. We aimed to study the general alteration of PPP in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). We performed data mining and analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) AML dataset for genetic alteration of the PPP gene set. In vitro studies including proliferation, migration, and invasion assays, together with metabolite consumption and oxidation assays, were performed. PPP genes were upregulated in 61 % of patients with AML. The majority of altered cases were expression changes measured by RNA sequencing. Expressions of critical PPP genes such as G6PD, PFKL, PFKP, and PGLS were consistently upregulated in all altered cases. Altered PPP is not associated with survival or disease relapse. PPP inhibition using 6-aminonicotinamide (6AN) increases glucose oxidative metabolism in AML. 6AN decreased the glucose oxidation and increased fatty acid oxidation. Here, we showed that PPP inhibition increased glucose oxidative metabolism in AML. PPP inhibition suppressed growth, migration, and invasion of AML, but not colony formation. PPP plays an important role in AML. Our results could contribute to the development of novel targeted treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Addressing segmental bone defects remains a complex task in orthopedics, and recent advancements have led to the development of novel drugs to enhance the bone regeneration. However, long-term oral administration can lead to malnutrition and poor patient compliance. Scaffolds loaded with medication are extensively employed to facilitate the restoration of bone defects., Methods: Inspired by the local application of total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae (TFRD) in the treatment of fracture, a novel 3D-printed HA/CMCS/PDA/TFRD scaffold with anti-infection, biodegradable and induced angiogenesis was designed, and to explore its preclinical value in segmental bone defect of tibia., Results: The scaffold exhibited good degradation and drug release performance. In vitro, the scaffold extract promoted osteogenesis by enhancing bone-related gene/protein expression and mineral deposition in BMSCs. It also stimulated endothelial cell migration and promoted angiogenesis through the upregulation of specific genes and proteins associated with cell migration and tube formation. This may be attributed to the activation of the PI3k/AKT/HIF-1α pathway, facilitating the processes of osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Furthermore, the HA/CMCS/PDA/TFRD scaffold was demonstrated to alleviate infection, enhance angiogenesis, promote bone regeneration, and increase the maximum failure force of new formed bone in a rat model of segmental bone defects., Conclusion: Porous scaffolds loaded with TFRD can reduce infection, be biodegradable, and induce angiogenesis, presenting a novel approach for addressing tibial segmental bone defects., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae (TFRD), extracted from the kidney‑tonifying Traditional Chinese medicine Rhizoma Drynariae , can be effective in treating osteoporosis, bone fractures and defects. However, the pharmacological effects of TFRD on the specific vessel subtype CD31 hi Emcn hi during distraction osteogenesis (DO) remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of TFRD on CD31 hi Emcn hi vessels in a rat model of DO. In the present study, tibial DO models were established using 60 rats with a distraction rate of 0.2 mm per day for 20 days. Co‑immunofluorescence staining of CD31 and endomucin (Emcn) was conducted to determine CD31 hi Emcn hi vessels. Radiographic, angiographic and histological analyses were performed to assess bone and vessel formation. Tube formation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Von Kossa staining assays were performed to test angiogenesis of endothelial precursor cells (EPCs) and osteogenesis of bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Additionally, expression levels of platelet‑derived growth factor (PDGF)‑BB, VEGF, runt‑related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and Osterix (OSX) were determined by western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. The in vivo assays demonstrated that TFRD markedly promoted CD31 hi Emcn hi vessel formation during DO, whereas PDGF‑BB neutralizing antibody suppressed vessel formation. Furthermore, the ALP, Von Kossa staining and tube formation assays indicated that TFRD notably elevated the angiogenic capacity of EPCs and osteogenic capacity of BMSCs under stress conditions, which was significantly suppressed by blocking PDGF‑BB. The protein and mRNA levels of PDGF‑BB, VEGF, RUNX2 and OSX were upregulated by TFRD, but downregulated by blocking PDGF‑BB. Thus, TFRD could facilitate CD31 hi Emcn hi vessel formation and subsequently enhance angiogenic‑osteogenic coupling to regenerate bone defects during DO via the PDGF‑BB/VEGF/RUNX2/OSX signaling axis, which indicated that CD31 hi Emcn hi vessels could be a potential novel therapeutic target for DO, and TFRD may represent a promising drug for promoting bone regeneration in DO by increasing CD31 hi Emcn hi vessels.

Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a metabolic pathway that generates NADPH and pentose. PPP genes have been reported to be primarily or secondarily upregulated in many cancers. We aimed to study the general alteration of PPP in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). We performed data mining and analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) AML dataset for genetic alteration of the PPP gene set. In vitro studies including proliferation, migration, and invasion assays, together with metabolite consumption and oxidation assays, were performed. PPP genes were upregulated in 61 % of patients with AML. The majority of altered cases were expression changes measured by RNA sequencing. Expressions of critical PPP genes such as G6PD, PFKL, PFKP, and PGLS were consistently upregulated in all altered cases. Altered PPP is not associated with survival or disease relapse. PPP inhibition using 6-aminonicotinamide (6AN) increases glucose oxidative metabolism in AML. 6AN decreased the glucose oxidation and increased fatty acid oxidation. Here, we showed that PPP inhibition increased glucose oxidative metabolism in AML. PPP inhibition suppressed growth, migration, and invasion of AML, but not colony formation. PPP plays an important role in AML. Our results could contribute to the development of novel targeted treatment.