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OBJECTIVE: To observe the anticancer effects of the granular preparation of Tenglong Buzhong decoction (藤龙补中汤,TBD), i.e Tenglong Buzhong granules (藤龙补中颗粒, TBG), in human SW620 colon cancer. METHODS: BALB/c nude mice were subcutaneously transplanted with SW620 cells, and treated with TBG (2.56 g/kg, once per day) and/or 5-Fu (104 mg/kg, once per week) for 21 d. Apoptosis, Caspase activities and cellular senescence were measured by commercial kits. The protein expression and phosphorylation were detected by Western blot or immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: TBG and 5-Fu inhibited tumor growth. The tumor inhibition rate of the TBG, 5-Fu, and TBG+5-Fu groups was 42.25%, 51.58%, and 76.08%, respectively. Combination of TBG and 5-Fu showed synergetic anti-cancer effects. TBG and 5-Fu induced apoptosis, activated caspase-3, -8, and -9, increased SMAC expression, inhibited XIAP expression. TBG induced cellular senescence, upregulated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1a (CDKN1a) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2a (CDKN2a) expression, and inhibited phosphorylation of retinoblastoma-associated protein (RB) and expression of cyclin E1 (CCNE1) and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 2. TBG also inhibited angiogenesis accompanied by downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). CONCLUSIONS: TBG inhibits SW620 colon cancer growth, induces apoptosis via SMAC-XIAP-Caspases signaling, induces cellular senescence through CDKN1a/CDKN2a-RB-E2F signaling, inhibits angiogenesis by down-regulation of HIF-1α and VEGF, and enhances the effects of 5-Fu.

Soluble trivalent manganese solution can be used as an electrolyte for manganese redox flow battery (MRFB), due to its low cost, environmental friendliness and multiple states of charge. However, poor stability of soluble trivalent manganese solution and low trivalent manganese concentration are the disadvantages of electrolyte. To optimize the stability and conductivity of soluble trivalent manganese solution, the sulfuric acid concentration, one of the major influence factors, should be firstly improved. Two-compartment cell electrolysis technology was successfully used in this work. Moreover, to improve the concentration of Mn3+, some key factors, such as the concentration of MnSO4, current density, electrolysis time and temperature, should be further adjusted. The results demonstrated that the concentration of this produced trivalent manganese (≧ 0.3 M in 6 M H2SO4;≧ 0.4 M in 5 M H2SO4;≧ 0.5 M in 4 M H2SO4) is much higher than that have been reported. Solid product of manganese(III) sulfate was also firstly prepared. For the formation of soluble trivalent manganese, the 5 mol/L H2SO4 is the optimal acidity and 10.9 mA/cm2 is the best current density at 273 K for 3 h. Some electrochemical kinetics parameters had also been calculated (electrolyte is 5 M H2SO4 and 0.4 M MnSO4), e.g., diffusion coefficient of Mn2+ is 5.3057 × 10−6 cm2/s, transfer coefficient of electrode reaction is 0.3782, and exchange current density is 1.5662 × 10−4 A/cm2. The CV results demonstrated that the redox process of Mn(III)/Mn(II) is the quasi-reversible process.

The Shanghai HIgh repetition rate XFEL aNd Extreme light facility (SHINE) is under construction, which needs six hundred 1.3GHz cavities with high quality factor. In this paper, we present the newest studies on single cell cavities with nitrogen doping and cold EP treatment, showing an obvious improvement compared with the previous results., Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil

INFN-LASA joined the international effort for the PIP-II project in Fermilab and it is expected to build the 650 MHz superconducting cavities required by the low-beta section of the 800 MeV front-end proton linac, as recently signed by US DOE and Italian MIUR. After developing the electro-magnetic and mechanical design, INFN-Milano started the prototyping phase by producing five single-cells and two complete 5-cells cavities. In a joint effort with Fermilab the road for the optimal surface treatment for such low-beta resonators has started in order to approach the existing state-of-the-art performances of beta 1 cavities. This paper reports the status of PIP-II activities at INFN-LASA summarizing manufacturing experience and preliminary experimental results., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

The SHINE SRF accelerator is designed to operate in CW mode with more than six hundred superconducting cavities. In order to reduce the high cost of construction and operation of the cryogenic system, high-Q cavities with nitrogen-doping technology together with tradition-ally treated large-grain cavities have been considered as two possible options. In this paper, we present N-doping studies on single-cell cavities fabricated with fine-grain and large-grain niobium., Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on RF Superconductivity, SRF2019, Dresden, Germany

INFN-LASA joined the international effort for the PIP-II project in Fermilab to build the 650 MHz superconducting cavities realizing the low-beta section of the 800 MeV proton linac. After developing the electro-magnetic and mechanical design, INFN-Milano started the prototyping phase by producing five single-cells and two complete 5-cells cavities. This paper reports the status of PIP-II activities at INFN-LASA summarizing manufacturing experience and preliminary experimental results., Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on RF Superconductivity, SRF2019, Dresden, Germany

Aiming to high repetition rate hard X-ray facility, con-struction of Shanghai HIgh repetition rate XFEL aNd Extreme light facility (SHINE) project has been ap-proved. During the R D phase, prototypes fabrication of key components of 1.3GHz superconducting rf system have been proposed, especially 1.3 GHz 9-cell niobium cavities. Here the paper will present the progress of the fabrication status and performance of the prototypes, together with the analysis of not only the quality factor and gradient of the cavities. Consideration of HOM feed-throughs and absorbers are also reported., Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on RF Superconductivity, SRF2019, Dresden, Germany

During the first vertical test of ESS Medium Beta large-grain prototype cavity in INFN-LASA, a phenomenon of coexisting two passband-modes was observed – 4π/6 mode was excited spontaneously during the power rise of 3π/6 mode. This phenomenon is most likely due to the field-emission electrons that transfer their energy gained from the 3π/6 mode to the 4π/6 mode. In this paper, we present the experimental results, the excitation mechanism and the related simulation results., Proceedings of the 18th Int. Conf. on RF Superconductivity, SRF2017, Lanzhou, China

The results of the vertical tests performed at LASA on the 3.9 GHz third-harmonic cavities for the E-XFEL injector are here discussed. Analysis of experimental data allows to confirm that such high frequency cavity, prepared with standard BCP treatment and 800°C annealing treatment, suffers an intrinsic performance limitation at around 22 MV/m (@ 2 K) due to a global thermal dissipation mechanism. A quantitative interpretation of the high field Q slope is also presented according to the latest theoretical models of field-dependent surface resistance., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

INFN-LASA, in the framework of INFN contribution to the European Spallation Source, has developed, produced and tested 704.4 MHz Medium Beta (β = 0.67) cavities. Mode separation and avoidance of HOM excitation by machine line frequencies have driven the cavity design. The production at the industry, also in view of the INFN in-kind contribution of series cavities, has been done "build-to-print" and we have implemented our own quality control process, based on our XFEL experience, from raw material to cavity ready for test. The cavities have been then cold tested in our upgraded Vertical Test Facility. In this paper, we report on our experience on the different phases of the cavity production and test processes., Proceedings of the 18th Int. Conf. on RF Superconductivity, SRF2017, Lanzhou, China

INFN-LASA is going to join the international partnership for Fermilab PIP-II project and to provide a novel design for the 650 MHz cavity of the 0.61 beta linac section, plug compatible with the Fermilab Cryomodule design. This paper reports the cavity design features both from the electro-magnetic and mechanical aspects, with focus on the rationales at the basis of the choice of main parameters. Furthermore, the current plans for the future R&D activity are here reported, including the production of two single cells and two complete cavities., Proceedings of the 18th Int. Conf. on RF Superconductivity, SRF2017, Lanzhou, China

The design of the PIP-II medium-β, 5-cell, 650 MHz SRF elliptical cavity and the first steps of its prototyping activity are here presented. A design based on a three dies fabrication model has been chosen and fully characterized in terms of electromagnetic and mechanical parameters. Goal of the optimization has been to realize a highly performant cavity for CW operation with reasonably good performances when pulsed. A prototyping phase started with the production of three single-cell cavities used to validate the LASA model and to develop an optimal recipe for RF surface treatment according to the state-of-the-art of the high-Q frontier., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

INFN-LASA built a complete Medium Beta cavity, based on the ESS prototype design, with novel large-grain material sliced in sheets from an ingot provided by CBMM manufacturing experience. Design and fabrication are reported as well as results on the physical and chemical analyses performed on samples at different cavity production stages. Results from the cold tests performed are also summarized and critically discussed in view of future R&D activities, Proceedings of the 18th Int. Conf. on RF Superconductivity, SRF2017, Lanzhou, China

In view of the Medium Beta series cavities production at the industry for the European Spallation Source project, INFN Milano - LASA design prototypes have been fully produced at Ettore Zanon S.p.A. with our supervision. Based on our experience on the production of 1.3 GHz and 3.9 GHz E-XFEL series cavities, we set-up and applied an external quality control activity of the overall production of the prototype cavity, starting from the row materials to the ready to be tested cavity. In this paper, we report the strategy we have adopted on the overall production, mechanical and surface treatments, frequency measurement of subcomponents and cavities and the obtained results., Proceedings of the 8th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark

We present Multipacting studies in ESS Medium-Beta cavities of INFN-LASA design with both simulation and experimental results. The simulation on the ideal cavity shape with both FishPact and MultiPac2.1 codes shows that multipacting appears in a very small region near equator where the weld seam exists. A simulation with more realistic cavity shape considering the weld seam at cell equators has also been done out showing similar results for end cell but a remarkable mitigation for inner cell. During the vertical tests at LASA, Multipacting is frequently observed but with no limitation to the cavity performance, which well confirms the MP predicted by the simulations., Proceedings of the 8th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark

A large grain 3.9 GHz prototype cavity made of RRR = 10⁵ ±10 has been tested at LASA. The cavity suffered of quench at moderate levels of accelerating field, for all nine fundamental pass-band modes. Several diagnostic techniques have been employed to determine the quench positions, which occur close to significant grain-boundary steps, visible from the external cavity surface. The cavity has been scanned with a high resolution X-ray tomographic machine, confirming the existence of remarkable topographic features on the inner RF surface at the suspected quench positions. A strategy for a future surface treatment for recover the cavity performances is here presented., Proceedings of the 8th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark