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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to establish a scientific and reasonable estimation and allocation model for food safety evaluation.MethodsA statistical method was used to estimate the total number of samples for evaluative sampling， a sample size allocation index system was established based on an analysis of the literature， the Delphi method was used to screen multiple factors， and a combination weight was assigned to each index based on the analytic hierarchy process and CRITIC method.ResultsBased on the estimated failure rate of food safety evaluation sampling in Province X， the total number of food safety evaluation samples in Province X was determined to be 7 800. The evaluation sampling size allocation index system covered two aspects of food varieties and testing areas and included the following eight indicators： sampling failure rate， dietary structure， the number of food safety incidents， attention， food consumption， consumption expenditure， and resident population. The allocation of samples for each food category in each prefecture-level city in the evaluative sampling test in Province X was obtained based on the weights of the calculated indicator combinations.ConclusionThe sample size allocation model can be used to allocate the sample size in a more objective and reasonable manner according to the food safety situation in each region and can be used as a reference for food safety evaluation sampling.

As a mode of perpetuating and revitalizing traditional culture, cultural and creative products have garnered widespread affection and recognition from the public. In the context of evolving societal trends and advancements in science and technology, the digitization of traditional cultural and creative products has emerged as a prominent trend. This study undertakes the digital design of these products, primarily focusing on the innovative application of a style transfer algorithm to traditional motifs, supplemented by their visualization through digital platforms such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR). Furthermore, it facilitates intelligent consumer interaction via gesture recognition algorithms, thereby enhancing user engagement and experience. During the implementation phase, this research conducts comparative analyses of style transfer and gesture recognition within digital cultural and creative products. It also employs the Kano questionnaire to categorize and analyze user needs effectively. Notably, while the recall rate of the style transfer algorithm documented in this study remains below 0.9, it consistently achieves high precision, significantly enhances feature extraction capabilities, and improves the quality of the style transfer effects produced. Moreover, the static gesture recognition algorithm achieves an impressive average recognition rate of 98.2%. The dynamic gesture recognition algorithm, meanwhile, maintains an average recognition rate of 94% with a processing time of 3.2 seconds, balancing the demands of real-time interaction and accuracy effectively. This study systematically analyzes the significance of each requirement element across six dimensions, classifying customer needs for digital cultural and creative products into four distinct categories. Additionally, it delineates a viable pathway for the integration of digital art elements into the design of artistic and innovative products, setting a foundation for future innovations in this field.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) remains the most lethal genetic disease in the Caucasian population. However, there is great variability in clinical phenotypes and survival times, even among patients harboring the same genotype. We identified five patients with CF and a homozygous F508del mutation in the CFTR gene who were in their fifth or sixth decade of life and had shown minimal changes in lung function over a longitudinal period of more than 20 years. Because of the rarity of this long-term nonprogressive phenotype, we hypothesized these individuals may carry rare genetic variants in modifier genes that ameliorate disease severity. Individuals at the extremes of survival time and lung-function trajectory underwent whole-exome sequencing, and the sequencing data were filtered to include rare missense, stopgain, indel, and splicing variants present with a mean allele frequency of

This research was undertaken to determine expression patterns of vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) genes in four apple (Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh) cultivars 'Royal Gala (RG)', 'Golden Delicious (GD)', 'Ralls Janet (RJ)' and 'Fuji (FJ)' during ripening. The results showed that GD and RG had higher respiration rate, ethylene production, content of malondialdehyde (MDA), relative electrical conductivity (REC) and VPE activity than RJ and FJ during ripening. A total of 17 MdVPEs were found to be expressed in four cultivars. These MdVPEs exhibited different expression patterns during ripening of four cultivars. Generally, MdVPEβ1, MdVPEγ2, MdVPEγ4 and MdVPEδ7 might be closely associated with ripening of all cultivars. MdVPEα6 might have a role in the early period of ripening of ACS1–2/-2 (1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase) homozygous cultivars (RG, RJ and FJ). Our data here would be helpful in understanding the associations between MdVPEs and storage properties of different apple cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paraoxonase 3 (PON3) is expressed in the aldosterone‐sensitive distal nephron, where filtered Na+ is reabsorbed mainly via the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) and Na+‐coupled co‐transporters. We previously showed that PON3 negatively regulates ENaC through a chaperone mechanism. The present study aimed to determine the physiological role of PON3 in renal Na+ and K+ homeostasis. Pon3 knockout (KO) mice had higher amiloride‐induced natriuresis and lower plasma [K+] at baseline. Single channel recordings in split‐open tubules showed that the number of active channels per patch was significantly higher in KO mice, resulting in a higher channel activity in the absence of PON3. Although whole kidney abundance of ENaC subunits was not altered in Pon3 KOs, ENaC gamma subunit was more apically distributed within the connecting tubules and cortical collecting ducts of Pon3 KO kidneys. Additionally, small interfering RNA‐mediated knockdown of PON3 in cultured mouse cortical collecting duct cells led to an increased surface abundance of ENaC gamma subunit. As a result of lower plasma [K+], sodium chloride co‐transporter phosphorylation was enhanced in the KO kidneys, a phenotype that was corrected by a high K+ diet. Finally, PON3 expression was upregulated in mouse kidneys under dietary K+ restriction, potentially providing a mechanism to dampen ENaC activity and associated K+ secretion. Taken together, our results show that PON3 has a role in renal Na+ and K+ homeostasis through regulating ENaC functional expression in the distal nephron. Key points: Paraoxonase 3 (PON3) is expressed in the distal nephron of mouse kidneys and functions as a molecular chaperone to reduce epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) expression and activity in heterologous expression systems.We examined the physiological role of PON3 in renal Na+ and K+ handling using a Pon3 knockout (KO) mouse model.At baseline, Pon3 KO mice had lower blood [K+], more functional ENaC in connecting tubules/cortical collecting ducts, higher amiloride‐induced natriuresis, and enhanced sodium chloride co‐transporter (NCC) phosphorylation.Upon challenge with a high K+ diet, Pon3 KO mice had normalized blood [K+] and ‐NCC phosphorylation but lower circulating aldosterone levels compared to their littermate controls.Kidney PON3 abundance was altered in mice under dietary K+ loading or K+ restriction, providing a potential mechanism for regulating ENaC functional expression and renal Na+ and K+ homeostasis in the distal nephron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of methyl jasmonate treatment with 10, 100 and 1 500 µmol/L on the preservation effect of "Jinguan" apple fruit during storage at room temperature (20±2) °C was studied. The results show that: at the 21th day, the peak of respiration rate and ethylene release rate in the 1 500 µmol/L MeJA treatment group is 1.07 times and 1.05 times of the control group, respectively, whereas the levels in the 10 µmol/L MeJA group were 26% and 24% lower than those in the control group, respectively. On the 35th day, the hardness, titrable acid and total phenol contents of 1 500 µmol/L MeJA treatment group were 5%, 10% and 9% lower than those of the control group, respectively, while those of 10 µmol/L MeJA treatment group were 1.05 times, 1.07 times and 1.04 times of that of 100 µmol/L MeJA treatment group, respectively. On the 35th day, MDA content and O2- ⋅ production rate in 10 µmol/L MeJA treatment group were 14% and 12% lower than those in the control group, respectively. They were both 5% lower than those in 100 µmol/L MeJA treatment group, and 1.06 and 1.16 times higher than those in 1 500 µmol/L MeJA treatment group. 10 µmol/L MeJA treatment had better preservation effect, while 1 500 μmol/L MeJA treatment had the opposite effect, accelerating fruit ripening and senility. The study provides reference for the development of new preservation technology for apples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electroencephalography (EEG) microstate analysis has become a popular tool for studying the spatial and temporal dynamics of large‐scale electrophysiological activities in the brain in recent years. Four canonical topographies of the electric field (classes A, B, C, and D) have been widely identified, and changes in microstate parameters are associated with several psychiatric disorders and cognitive functions. Recent studies have reported the modulation of EEG microstate by mental workload (MWL). However, the common practice of evaluating MWL is in a specific task. Whether the modulation of microstate by MWL is consistent across different types of tasks is still not clear. Here, we studied the topographies and dynamics of microstate in two independent MWL tasks: NBack and the multi‐attribute task battery (MATB) and showed that the modulation of MWL on microstate topographies and parameters depended on tasks. We found that the parameters of microstates A and C, and the topographies of microstates A, B, and D were significantly different between the two tasks. Meanwhile, all four microstate topographies and parameters of microstates A and C were different during the NBack task, but no significant difference was found during the MATB task. Furthermore, we employed a support vector machine recursive feature elimination procedure to investigate whether microstate parameters were suitable for MWL classification. An averaged classification accuracy of 87% for within‐task and 78% for cross‐task MWL discrimination was achieved with at least 10 features. Collectively, our findings suggest that topographies and parameters of microstates can provide valuable information about neural activity patterns with a dynamic temporal structure at different levels of MWL, but the modulation of MWL depends on tasks and their corresponding functional systems. Moreover, as a potential indicator, microstate parameters could be used to distinguish MWL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effects of LED white light treatment (LWT) on the storage quality of postharvest 'Zaosu' pears, as well as its role in maintaining fruit greenness and delaying senescence, pear fruits were treated with intermittent irradiation using LED white light for 12 h per day, with a light source distance of 30 ± 1 cm and a photon flux density of 151 μmoL/(m2·s) at 25 °C. The results showed that LWT preserved the postharvest quality of 'Zaosu' pear fruit by reducing weight loss and ascorbic acid degradation and promoting the ratio of sugar and organic acid. Meanwhile, LWT also substantially inhibited the respiration intensity and ethylene production during the storage process. Accordingly, the expressions of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and signaling were reduced in LWT fruit. Notably, LWT retarded the decrease in chlorophyll content of fruit by increasing the activities of enzymes associated with chlorophyll synthase. Additionally, LWT also suppressed the chlorophyll degradation-related enzymes and their gene expressions in pear peel. These findings suggest that a moderate light irradiation can delay the de-green progress and benefit post-harvest storage of 'Zaosu' pear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effect of hypobaric storage on the ripeness progress and antioxidant capacity of 'Nanguo' pear, pears at commercial ripeness stage were used as experimental materials and stored under 2 kPa and 25 kPa low pressure conditions for one month before being transferred to the condition of (20±2) °C and 101 kPa to simulate the ripening progress and observe their ripening quality and antioxidant capacity. The results showed that 2 kPa and 25 kPa hypobaric conditions could maintain the ripening quality of @Nanguo@ pears, the yellowing of the fruit peel, and the reduction of fruit firmness, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were inhibited. The contents of soluble solids and titratable acids were maintained well. The appearance of respiratory peak and decreased ethylene release were delayed. Meanwhile, the activity of polyphenol oxidase was decreased, and peroxidase activity was increased. Notably, 2 kPa hypobaric storage at (4±2) °C performed better to delay the ripening process of @Nanguo@ pears after storage, and their antioxidant capacity was also maintained well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]