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Choosing Solanum torvum as rootstock and cultivated Xi'anlü eggplant as scion, a pot culture experiment was conducted to study the effects of autotoxic substances (cinnamic acid and vanillin) on the root growth, antioxidase activity, and osmoregulation substances content of grafted eggplant, own-rooted eggplant, and rootstock eggplant. Cinnamic acid and vanillin had allelopathic effects on the root system of test eggplants, with low concentration promoting and higher concentration inhibiting the root growth and physiological metabolism. For own-rooted eggplant, the critical concentration of cinnamic acid and vanillin for promotion or inhibition was 0.1 mmol∙kg-1 and 0.5 mmol∙kg-1, respectively; whereas for grafted and rootstock eggplants, it was 0.5 mmol∙kg-1 and 1 mmol∙kg-1, respectively. The root resistance to autotoxic substances was in the order of root- stock eggplant > grafted eggplant > own-rooted eggplant. Higher concentration cinamic acid (0.5- 4 mmol∙kg-1) and vanillin (1-4 mmol∙kg-1) enhanced the SOD enzyme activity and the proline and soluble sugar contents of grafted eggplant root by 8.50% -24.50%, 9.39% -27.64%, and 12.77% -81.81%, respectively, compared with own-rooted eggplant. The soluble protein content, fresh mass, dry mass, and root activity of grafted eggplant roots were significantly higher than those of own-rooted eggplant, suggesting that grafted eggplant had a strong resistance of rootstocks to auto- toxic substances, which alleviated the negative effect of autotoxic substances on root growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cinnamic acid and vanillin are the allelochemicals commonly existed in eggplant root exudates. With pot culture experiment, the regulation effects of grafting on the cinnamic acid and vanillin in eggplant root exudates were studied, and the results showed that grafting decreased the amount of the two substances, especially of vanillin, in eggplants root system. The maximum reduction amount of cinnamic acid reached 68.96%, and that of vanillin reached 100%. Under the stress of exotic cinnamic acid and vanillin, especially of exotic cinnamic acid, grafting relieved the autotoxicity of the two substances on eggplants. Compared with own-rooted eggplant, grafted eggplant had a higher plant height and a larger stem diameter, its leaf chlorophyll content increased by 5.26%-13.12%, root electric conductivity and MDA content decreased, and root SOD activity enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinel oxide NiCo 2 O 4 supported on a three-dimensional hierarchically porous graphene-like carbon (3D HPG) material has been firstly used to enhance the activity of Pt for glycerol electrooxidation. The addition of NiCo 2 O 4 into the Pt/HPG catalyst can significantly improve the catalytic performance for glycerol oxidation. When NiCo 2 O 4 is added to the Pt/HPG catalyst, the onset potential is 25 mV more negative than that on the Pt/HPG catalyst without NiCo 2 O 4 . The current density at -0.3 V on the Pt-NiCo 2 O 4 (wt 10 : 1)/HPG electrode is 1.3 times higher than that on the Pt (30 wt%)/HPG electrode. The Pt-NiCo 2 O 4 electrode presented in this work shows great potential as an electrocatalyst for glycerol electrooxidation in an alkaline medium., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Choosing Solanum torvum as rootstock and cultivated Xi'anlü eggplant as scion, a pot culture experiment was conducted to study the effects of autotoxic substances (cinnamic acid and vanillin) on the root growth, antioxidase activity, and osmoregulation substances content of grafted eggplant, own-rooted eggplant, and rootstock eggplant. Cinnamic acid and vanillin had allelopathic effects on the root system of test eggplants, with low concentration promoting and higher concentration inhibiting the root growth and physiological metabolism. For own-rooted eggplant, the critical concentration of cinnamic acid and vanillin for promotion or inhibition was 0.1 mmol x kg(-1) and 0.5 mmol x kg(-1), respectively; whereas for grafted and rootstock eggplants, it was 0.5 mmol x kg(-1) and 1 mmol x kg(-1), respectively. The root resistance to autotoxic substances was in the order of root-stock eggplant > grafted eggplant > own-rooted eggplant. Higher concentration cinamic acid (0.5-4 mmol x kg(-1)) and vanillin (1-4 mmol x kg(-1)) enhanced the SOD enzyme activity and the proline and soluble sugar contents of grafted eggplant root by 8.50%-24.50%; 9.39%-27.64%, and 12.77%-81.81%, respectively, compared with own-rooted eggplant. The soluble protein content, fresh mass, dry mass, and root activity of grafted eggplant roots were significantly higher than those of own-rooted eggplant, suggesting that grafted eggplant had a strong resistance of rootstocks to autotoxic substances, which alleviated the negative effect of autotoxic substances on root growth.

Objective: Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is an uncommon and potentially life-threatening complication of blunt chest trauma. The objectives of this report are to describe our surgical experience in three patients with huge TEF and to evaluate the short-term results of surgical management in this potentially life-threatening complication of blunt chest trauma., Methods: Three patients with huge TEF (5.2-7.0 cm in diameter) after blunt chest trauma were kept in supine position, then the neck was excided and esophagus was free, double breasted suture and clench and mutilation were performed successively over the same level of superior aperture of thorax. The thoracic esophagus was then located in situ at the membrane portion where the trachea was incomplete. Meanwhile, the stomach was then freed through a middle abdominal incision and pulled through the posterior tunnel of the sternum to the neck. Last, an anastomosis between esophagus and tubular stomach was performed over left neck., Results: All three patients recovered well after the operation. They were able to take liquids and then solids beginning ten days after the procedure. One year post-operation, they were able to resume normal activity., Conclusions: The surgical management of patients with huge TEF by esophageal exclusion (cervical gastroesophagostomy) and use of esophagus segment in situ as replacement of the posterior membranous wall of the trachea is feasible.

Cinnamic acid and vanillin are the allelochemicals commonly existed in eggplant root exudates. With pot culture experiment, the regulation effects of grafting on the cinnamic acid and vanillin in eggplant root exudates were studied, and the results showed that grafting decreased the amount of the two substances, especially of vanillin, in eggplants root system. The maximum reduction amount of cinnamic acid reached 68.96%, and that of vanillin reached 100%. Under the stress of exotic cinnamic acid and vanillin, especially of exotic cinnamic acid, grafting relieved the autotoxicity of the two substances on eggplants. Compared with own-rooted eggplant, grafted eggplant had a higher plant height and a larger stem diameter, its leaf chlorophyll content increased by 5.26%-13.12%, root electric conductivity and MDA content decreased, and root SOD activity enhanced.