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Objective To compare the efficacy and safety between and within glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) in overweight or obese adults with or without diabetes mellitus.Methods PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials database were comprehensively searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of effects of GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2is in overweight or obese participants from inception to 16 January 2022. The efficacy outcomes were the changes of body weight, glucose level and blood pressure. The safety outcomes were serious adverse events and discontinuation due to adverse events. The mean differences, ORs, 95% credible intervals (95% CI), the surface under the cumulative ranking were evaluated for each outcome by network meta-analysis.Results Sixty-one RCTs were included in our analysis. Both GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2is conferred greater extents in body weight reduction, achieving at least 5% wt loss, HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose decrease compared with placebo. GLP-1RAs was superior to SGLT-2is in HbA1c reduction (MD: −0.39%, 95% CI −0.70 to −0.08). GLP-1RAs had high risk of adverse events, while SGLT-2is were relatively safe. Based on intraclass comparison, semaglutide 2.4 mg was among the most effective interventions in losing body weight (MD: −11.51 kg, 95% CI −12.83 to −10.21), decreasing HbA1c (MD: −1.49%, 95% CI −2.07 to −0.92) and fasting plasma glucose (MD: −2.15 mmol/L, 95% CI −2.83 to −1.59), reducing systolic blood pressure (MD: −4.89 mm Hg, 95% CI −6.04 to −3.71) and diastolic blood pressure (MD: −1.59 mm Hg, 95% CI −2.37 to −0.86) with moderate certainty evidences, while it was associated with high risk of adverse events.Conclusions Semaglutide 2.4 mg showed the greatest effects on losing body weight, controlling glycaemic level and reducing blood pressure while it was associated with high risk of adverse events.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021258103.

Here, we reported a case of a 16-year-old Chinese female patient (46, XX) diagnosed as 17α-hydroxylase/17, 20-lyase deficiency (17-OHD) in June 2018 and over 3 years follow-up outcomes; 17-OHD is a rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The patient presented with primary amenorrhea, underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics, hypertension and hypokalemia. Hormonal findings revealed decreased estrogen and androgen, increased progesterone, low cortisol concentration and compensatory high adrenocorticotropic hormone level. Mutation analysis of the CYP17A1 gene identified the c.1459_1467del GACTCTTTC homozygous deletion in exon 8, namely, D487_F489del mutation, resulting in the deletion of Aspartate–Serine–Phenylalanine amino acids. The patient’s father and mother were all heterozygous carriers of this mutation. The diagnosis and follow-up outcomes provided useful insights to support clinical decision-making and appropriate treatment.

The graphene sheets (GNs) and toluene-soluble component of pitch (TS) are used as the mixed carbon source in the synthesis of LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4@C@GNs through different carbon-coating methods. The results show that the ball–milling (BM) method is more favorable for the uniform dispersion of GNs and reduction of agglomeration compared to mechanical agitation (MA). The bridging effect of GNs and the pyrolytic carbon of TS with a high graphitization degree constructs an intact carbon skeleton on the surface of LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4 crystal, thus greatly improving the structural stability and electronic conductivity. Sample BM–1.5 containing 1.5 wt.% GNs prepared by ball–milling has a small (111) grain size, large specific surface area (48.32 m2·g−1), and mesoporous volume (0.099 cm3·g−1). Cathode BM–1.5 delivers the discharge-specific capacity of 150.9, 150.4, and 115.7 mAh·g−1 at the rate of 0.1 , 1, and 5 C, respectively, which are the optimal values of all samples. Moreover, the capacity in BM–1.5 at 1 C is well maintained at the retention of 95.7% after 100 cycles. And no obvious crack appears in the cathode film, showing excellent structural stability. LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4@C@GNs prepared by ball-milling with the toluene-soluble component of pitch and graphene sheet as the mixed carbon source has excellent electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Twelve Chinese indigenous goat populations were genotyped for twenty-six microsatellite markers recommended by the EU Sheep and Goat Biodiversity Project. A total of 452 goats were tested. Seventeen of the 26 microsatellite markers used in this analysis had four or more alleles. The mean expected heterozygosity and the mean observed heterozygosity for the population varied from 0.611 to 0.784 and 0.602 to 0.783 respectively. The mean FST (0.105) demonstrated that about 89.5% of the total genetic variation was due to the genetic differentiation within each population. A phylogenetic tree based on the Nei (1978) standard genetic distance displayed a remarkable degree of consistency with their different geographical origins and their presumed migration throughout China. The correspondence analysis did not only distinguish population groups, but also confirmed the above results, classifying the important populations contributing to diversity. Additionally, some specific alleles were shown to be important in the construction of the population structure. The study analyzed the recent origins of these populations and contributed to the knowledge and genetic characterization of Chinese indigenous goat populations. In addition, the seventeen microsatellites recommended by the EU Sheep and Goat Biodiversity Project proved to be useful for the biodiversity studies in goat breeds.