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Perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) are seen as the credible alternative to traditional QDs ascolor converter in liquid crystal display (LCD). Unfortunately, PeQDs sufferfrom instability and color separation, and the prepared PeQDs enhanced films(PQDFs) need the protection of expensive barrier layers, which significantly increases price and limits their application. Herein, large‐area yellow monolithic PQDF is fabricated with both green CsPbBr3 and red CsPbBr1I2QDs encapsulated in the dual matrices of inorganic glass and polypropylene (PP) via an industrialized melt extruding & rolling method. The PQDF shows high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 92% and narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 19 nm (green) and 33 nm (red). Importantly, the bare PQDF without barrier layers can pass harsh aging test at 85 °C/85% RH and reach anoperating T90 lifetime over 1000 h. Finally, a white backlit unit is designed by coupling yellow monolithic PQDF with blue light guide panel, and the constructed prototype display shows superior color rendering performance forits narrow green/red emissions, reaching a color gamut of 110% National Television System Committee (NTSC). This work provides a novel and easy‐to‐industrialize route to prepare PQDFs to realize their commercial application in backlit display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malachite green (MG) is highly toxic, persistent, and carcinogenic, and its widespread use is a danger to the ecosystem and a threat to public health and food safety, making it necessary to develop new sensitive multimode molecular spectroscopy methods. In this work, a new copper-based nanomaterial (CuNM) was prepared by a high-temperature roasting using a copper metal–organic framework (CuMOF) as precursor. The as-prepared CuNM was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and BET surface area analysis. CuNM was found to catalyze the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by H2O2 to produce the oxidation product TMBOX; however, subsequently, the MG aptamer (Apt) could be adsorbed on the CuNM surface by intermolecular interaction, which would inhibit the catalytic performance. After the addition of MG to be tested, the CuNM previously adsorbed by the Apt was transformed into its free state, thus restoring its catalytic activity. This new nanocatalytic indicator reaction could be monitored by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)/resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS)/fluorescence (FL)/absorption (Abs) quadruple-mode methods. The SERS determination range was 0.004–0.4 nmol L−1 MG, with a limit of detection of 0.0032 nM. In this way, a rapid, stable, and sensitive method for the determination of MG residues in the environment was established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robust amorphous glass protected CsPbBr3 (CsPbBr3@glass) perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) with ultra‐pure green emission and superior long‐term stability are highly desirable for developing wide‐color‐gamut liquid crystal displays. However, most of the reported CsPbBr3@glass nanocomposites are subject to low external quantum efficiency (EQE). This work demonstrates that ZrO2 additive has an "accumulation" effect on the borosilicate glass network structure to promote in situ nucleation/growth of PeQDs inside glass rather than self‐crystallization. This effect is beneficial in reducing surface defects, improving the quality of PeQDs, and thus boosting radiative recombination of excitons. As a consequence, the as‐prepared CsPbBr3@glass shows a record EQE of up to 75% and can pass the accelerated aging tests at 85 °C/85% RH for 1000 h and blue light irradiation over 2000 h. Finally, a prototype display using CsPbBr3@glass‐based straight‐down backlit unit is designed and gains more favorable responses in blind selection tests for its high brightness of 2647 cd m−2 and high color purity of 88%. The findings will pave the way for realizing the commercial application of CsPbBr3@glass nanocomposite in PeQDs‐converted backlit display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) transporters, which are part of the ABCG subfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, have been found to be involved in heavy metal tolerance. Salix species (willow) is widely regarded as a perfect candidate for phytoremediation of heavy metals because of its substantial biomass, strong tolerance, and remarkable capacity to accumulate heavy metals. However, the phylogeny and mechanisms underlying the response to heavy metals within the PDR family in willow have yet to be determined. In this study, we discovered and valuated a total of 21 PDR genes in the genome of Salix purpurea. The phylogenetic relationships of these genes were used to classify them into five major clades. The SpPDRs exhibited variations in exon-intron distribution patterns and gene lengths across different branches. Cis-acting elements linked to stress response, drought induction, low temperature, and defense response were discovered in the promoters of PDRs. Significant variations in the transcription levels of various PDR genes were observed across different tissues under heavy metal stress, with distinct heavy metals regulating different PDR members. In roots, PDR4 and PDR21 exhibited high expression levels. Meanwhile, PDR7 and PDR17 showed similar transcription patterns across all analyzed tissues. Furthermore, there was a significant and positive correlation between PDR5 and PDR16, whereas a significant and negative correlation was detected between PDR3 and PDR9, suggesting that the response of PDR members to heavy metals is complex and multifaceted. These findings will establish a vital basis for comprehending the biological functionalities of PDR genes, specifically their involvement in the regulation of willow's tolerance to heavy metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐quality backlit display puts forward urgent demand for color‐converting materials. Recently, metal halide perovskites (MHPs) with full spectral tunability, high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs), and high color purity have found potential application in wide‐color‐gamut display. Regrettably, naked MHPs suffer from long‐term instable issue and cannot pass harsh stability tests. Herein, amorphous‐glass‐protected green/red CsPbX3 quantum dots (QDs) are prepared by elaborately optimizing glass structure, perovskite concentration, and in situ crystallization. PLQYs of green CsPbBr3@glass and red CsPbBr1.5I1.5@glass reach 94% and 78%, respectively, which are the highest ones of CsPbX3@glass composites reported so far and comparable to colloidal counterparts. Benefited from complete isolation of QDs from external environment by glass network, CsPbX3@glass can endure harsh commercial standard aging tests of 85 °C/85%RH and blue‐light‐irradiation, which are applied to construct white light‐emitting diodes (wLEDs) with high external quantum efficiency of 13.8% and ultra‐high luminance of 500 000 cd m−2. Accordingly, the perovskite wLED arrays‐based backlit unit and a prototype display device are designed for the first time, showing more vivid and wide‐color‐gamut feature benefited from narrowband emissions of CsPbX3 QDs. This work highlights practical application of CsPbX3@glass composite as an efficient and stable light color converter in backlit display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article presents a systematic frequency-sweeping based method for fast and accurate determination of mutual coupling coefficient in a series–series wireless power transfer system. The novel contributions involve a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the robustness of the proposed method and an evaluation of several adaptive frequency step functions to minimize detection time with an accuracy of less than 1% error. It is found that the proposed method is the most sensitive when the frequency is swept from the lower frequency boundary in a weakly-coupled system. Several adaptive frequency step functions are evaluated and compared. A power factor reference and an adaptive frequency step function are designed in a systematic way to achieve the dual purposes of minimum detection time and high accuracy. The experimental results obtained from the hardware setups show that the mutual coupling coefficients under a range of conditions can be estimated within 7 ms and with errors typically less than 1.0%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate forest resources, it is necessary to identify the tree species. However, it is a challenge to identify tree species using 3D point clouds of trees collected by light detection and ranging (LiDAR). PointNet++, a point cloud deep learning network, can effectively classify 3D objects. It is important to establish high-quality individual tree point cloud datasets when applying PointNet++ to identifying tree species. However, there are different data processing methods to produce sample datasets, and the processes are tedious. In this study, we suggest how to select the appropriate method by designing comparative experiments. We used the backpack laser scanning (BLS) system to collect point cloud data for a total of eight tree species in three regions. We explored the effect of tree height on the classification accuracy of tree species by using different point cloud normalization methods and analyzed the effect of leaf point clouds on classification accuracy by separating the leaves and wood of individual tree point clouds. Five downsampling methods were used: farthest point sampling (FPS), K-means, random, grid average sampling, and nonuniform grid sampling (NGS). Data with different sampling points were designed for the experiments. The results show that the tree height feature is unimportant when using point cloud deep learning methods for tree species classification. For data collected in a single season, the leaf point cloud has little effect on the classification accuracy. The two suitable point cloud downsampling methods we screened were FPS and NGS, and the deep learning network could provide the most accurate tree species classification when the number of individual tree point clouds was in the range of 2048–5120. Our study further illustrates that point-based end-to-end deep learning methods can be used to classify tree species and identify individual tree point clouds. Combined with the low-cost and high-efficiency BLS system, it can effectively improve the efficiency of forest resource surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In bearings-only tracking (BOT), the accuracy of state estimation significantly diminishes when confronted with an unknown target motion model. Therefore, this study proposed a novel continuous-discrete filtering algorithm, the neural ordinary differential equations-based continuous-discrete extended Kalman filtering (NODE-CD-EKF). The approach utilizes the neural ordinary differential equation (NODE) to build the target's system model, which is then used in the time update to precisely predict the target state at the next time point within the continuous-discrete Kalman framework. The NODE concisely and accurately describes the motion model in the form of ordinary differential equations in a data-driven way. This approach addresses the limitations of traditional Kalman filters, which suffer from degraded performance due to a lack of a precise mathematical model of target states. Our method is evaluated and compared to existing multiple-model and other data-driven algorithms in simulations of BOT and another scenario using the Accumulated Root Mean Square Error (ARMSE) of position. The ARMSE of our method is only 16.30 % of the multiple-model methods at least. Overall, this approach outperforms other multiple-model and data-driven algorithms and possesses the potential for solving other nonlinear tasks in real-world applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Higher Ce loading capacity obtained from embedding method. • Excellent performance with defluoridation capacity of 109.88 mg·g−1. • Better adsorption selectivity than commercial AA. • The maximum column treatment of 1782 BV for F− can be reached. Efficient defluoridation utilizing current hybrid nano-oxides remains a great challenge because of low loading capacity and hindered nucleation during immobilization. In this study, a new adsorbent for defluoridation was developed by encapsulating nanosized cerium oxides within a cross-linked network of cellulose foam using an embedding method. The controllable structure, uniform dispersion, and high content of NCO endowed the composite with high efficiency for fluoride removal. The batch adsorption experiments exhibited a broad pH range (2.0–6.0) for optimal fluoride adsorption and confirmed that NCO@CF had a maximum adsorption capacity of 109.88 mg·g−1 at pH 4.0, which was much higher than that of other materials. Exceptional adsorption selectivity was also observed, indicating strong attraction between NCO@CF and fluoride ions, even at high concentrations of competing ions. X-ray photoelectron spectrogram and the Fourier transform infrared spectra analyses suggested that the defluoridation mechanism involved ligand exchange and inner-sphere complexation between NCO@CF and fluoride. Batch adsorption–regeneration cycles demonstrated that NCO@CF could be effectively and consistently regenerated using an alkaline solution. In fixed-bed adsorption experiments, remarkable working capacities of 1782 and 480 bed volume were observed for NCO@CF at pH 4.0 and 6.0, respectively. The findings of this study provide insights into the practical application of hybrid NCO in efficient defluoridation from water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Free positioning wireless charging for consumer electronics allows the devices to be charged at arbitrary positions and angles to improve user experience. However, a user-initiated sudden movement of the device during charging can cause hazards due to the abrupt variation of the coupling coefficient. To solve this issue, the coupling coefficient variation at different positions should be mitigated, which is also good for the design and high-efficiency operation of power electronics converters. This article proposes a design methodology to employ antiparallel windings to smooth the coupling coefficient variation over different positions by reducing the coupling coefficient at central positions and enhancing it at boundary positions. Two optimization methods are proposed: turn-by-turn optimization and winding-by-winding optimization. A design flow is offered. The hexagonal coil is compared with the square coil and proved to achieve better performance than the latter. An experimental prototype is implemented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed design methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The isolated feature between primary and secondary sides in wireless power transfer requires dual-side communication, phase synchronization, and two controllers on both sides. The phase difference between dual-side ac voltages can be changed for output regulation or bidirectional power flow. Zero crossing detection of the secondary ac voltage or current is normally conducted for frequency locking and phase synchronization. However, it is inaccurate at light-load conditions for high-power applications due to a large sensing scale and much noise; also, it can generate undesired results with discontinuous or distorted waveforms having more than two zero crossing points in one cycle. To solve these issues, this letter proposes a dual-side phase-shift implementation method using driving windings to regulate the dual-side phase difference conducted only on the primary side. By controlling the phase difference between the primary-side power and driving windings, the phase difference between the dual-side power windings can be regulated. In this way, the dual-side regulation is independent from power transfer to get rid of the issues of the conventional phase synchronization method, and bidirectional power flow can be more easily realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homogenous ultra-fine SnO 2 /TiO 2 particles encapsulated into carbon nanofibers (SnO 2 /TiO 2 @CNFs) with a uniform and ordered one-dimensional fibrous structure are fabricated through facile electrospinning technique and subsequent heat treatments, which are confirmed by XRD, Raman, TG, SEM, TEM, and XPS analyses. The battery performance reveals that the SnO 2 /TiO 2 @CNFs-1.5:1 (1.5:1 denotes the mole ratio of SnO 2 to TiO 2 in the carbon nanofibers) electrode displays the optimal electrochemical properties among the whole samples, which can deliver the initial charge and discharge specific capacity of 1061.2 and 1494.8 mAh/g with a coulombic efficiency of 71.0% at 100 mA/g, and exhibit a remarkable specific capacity of 766.1 mAh/g after 200 cycles. Moreover, the SnO 2 /TiO 2 @CNFs-1.5:1 electrode displays a high pseudocapacitive contribution of 73.9% at the scan rate of 2 mV/s and the lithium ion diffusion coefficient of approximately 1.20 × 10−15 cm2 s−1. The excellent electrochemical performance of the SnO 2 /TiO 2 @CNFs-1.5:1 electrode is closely correlated with the synergetic effect of the proper amount of TiO 2 that enhances the electrochemical stability of the electrode and provides fractional capacity, and the flexible and conductive carbon nanofiber matrix that accommodates volume changes and increases overall electronic conductivity. The detailed investigations of the as-prepared electrode materials by a facile electrospinning process may pave possible instructions for the next generation SnO 2 -based anodes and other related electrospun anodes for the energy storage device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The closed-loop control of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems requires a communication link between the power transmitter and the power receiver for dual-side cooperation. Near-field communication techniques that utilize the power link are preferred for this purpose due to high reliability and security. In this letter, we propose a frequency-modulated phase shift keying (FMPSK) communication technique for the closed-loop maximum efficiency point tracking (MEPT) control of WPT. The technique uses very shallow phase modulation depth to minimize the disturbance on power flow and reduce the efficiency drop caused by the PSK. Meanwhile, it ensures the signal accuracy and precision by multiple methods and precise frequency modulation and demodulation. In experiment, we obtained 82%–85% system efficiency with a 25–125 W load over a distance equal to the coil diameter, and 93% efficiency over a distance equal to the coil radius. The efficiency drop caused by FMPSK was less than 1%. The dynamic processes of voltage regulation and MEPT took only about 1 ms and 10 ms, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CA can significantly change the dynamic patterns of the electrical-mechanical coupling. • CPR is an effective way to improve the dynamics of cardiovascular function after CA. • The electrical-mechanical coupling is an indicator of cardiovascular dynamics during CPR. Cardiac arrest (CA) remains a significant cause of death and disability. High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can improve the survival rate of CA. A challenging issue is to find physiological indicators for screening and evaluating the cardiovascular function associated with CPR. This study aimed to investigate the electrical-mechanical dynamic coupling between electrocardiographic (ECG) and photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals for indicating cardiovascular function in the progress of CPR. The ECG and PPG signals were simultaneously collected from a porcine CA model (n = 10) induced by ventricular fibrillation, and were further divided into four periods: Baseline, CA, CPR , and recovery of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Recurrence quantitative analysis (RQA) was applied to examine the nonlinear dynamics of the ECG and PPG signals individually, and cross recurrence quantitative analysis (CRQA) was used to examine the ECG-PPG dynamical coupling. The CA influenced the dynamic patterns of electrical and mechanical activities and the electrical-mechanical coupling, which can be observed from the reduced entropy (ENTR) (p < 0.01), reduced determinism (DET) (p < 0.01) and reduced trapping time (TT) (p < 0.01) at CA compared to Baseline. The recurrence rate (RR), ENTR, DET, and TT at CPR were significantly lower than the parameters at ROSC but higher than those at CA. The electrical-mechanical dynamical coupling was sensitive to CPR and able to reflect the changes in cardiac function in the process of CPR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For states estimation problem of continuous–discrete systems, the numerical approximation methods with high order of accuracy are commonly used to build the continuous–discrete filtering algorithms. However, there is a common contradiction between the computational efficiency and the accuracy. In order to improve the efficiency of state estimation in the continuous–discrete filtering method, continuous–discrete extended cubature Kalman filtering based on Adams–Bashforth–Moulton (ABM) numerical approximation is proposed. ABM is the linear multi-step numerical method, which can achieve the fourth-order accuracy for solving the differential state equation, and its 'predictor–corrector' mathematic structure is relatively simple. The performances of ABM method are theoretically analysed; the mixed-type filtering method for continuous–discrete nonlinear states estimation is proposed to integrate the best features of extended Kalman filtering and cubature Kalman filtering. More precisely, the time updates are deduced by extended Kalman filtering whereas the measurement updates are conducted by the third-degree spherical-radial cubature rule. The superior performances of proposed method are illustrated in the simulations under the conditions of different step-sizes and sampling periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A wide operating region of inductive power transfer systems indicates a stable output against large load and coupling changes. In most of the published works, output regulation is achieved by single-side regulation that utilizes either primary-side or secondary-side power converters for load regulation. However, secondary-side regulation tends to have a relatively narrow operating region due to space and cost considerations. Meanwhile, although primary-side regulation may provide a larger operating region, system performance can be degraded due to the needs of secondary-side information. To overcome the drawbacks of single-side regulation, this article proposes a dual-side cooperative output regulation method implemented by burst-mode pulse density modulation. In the proposed method, dual-side cooperative control is established by sensing primary-side current drops caused by secondary-side burst operations and, hence, requires no communication devices. With the proposed method, the system operating region can be effectively extended without sacrificing steady-state performance. Experimental results are provided in this article to validate the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In inductive power transfer systems, impedance matching is critical in obtaining high efficiency. However, since the load impedance is subject to variations in most applications, especially wireless charging, maintaining impedance matching is a challenge. One valid solution is to maintain the equivalent load impedance at the optimal value against load variations by controlling a load-side power converter. Nonetheless, the system overall cost, size, and complexity can be increased. In this article, based on a proper selection between full-bridge and half-bridge modes of the inverter and rectifier, an operation mode selection method is proposed that can achieve semi-impedance-matching with large load variations. In general, with the proposed method, high overall efficiency can be obtained while neither additional power converters nor complicated control is required. A 1-kW prototype has been developed and the experimental results have verified the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on research and application of data processing technology on Large sky Area Multi-Object fiber Spectroscopic Telescope Survey Spectra including the telescope being a multiobjective spectral telescope with the largest field of view the highest spectral acquisition rate.

The pulse-density-modulation (PDM) zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) full-bridge converter is a promising power converter for wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. The converter has the advantages of both direct conversion ratio control and load-independent soft switching. These advantages reduce the overall system complexity and power loss. However, the converter suffers from the limitations of large low-frequency subharmonics, a narrowed modulation range, and a large modulation delay. These limitations are caused by the existing PDM strategy, which was designed to generate a symmetric ZVS current to ensure the ideal ZVS for minimizing the switching loss. This paper finds that even with an asymmetric ZVS current, the ideal ZVS can still be ensured by the negative feedback effect of the dead-time voltage. Based on this finding, a PDM strategy that allows asymmetric ZVS currents is proposed to overcome the aforementioned limitations. In experiments, a ZVS full-bridge converter was modulated by the existing and the proposed PDM strategies, respectively. The converter performances and responses were compared and the results showed that the proposed PDM strategy can overcome the limitations while achieving ZVS. The proposed PDM strategy was also tested in a WPT system for verification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Primary brainstem hemorrhage (PBSH) is the most fatal subtype of intracerebral hemorrhage and is associated with poor prognosis. We aimed to develop a prediction model for predicting 30-day mortality and functional outcome in patients with PBSH. Methods: We reviewed records of 642 consecutive patients with first-time PBSH from three hospitals between 2016 and 2021. Multivariate logistic regression was used to establish a nomogram in a training cohort. Cutoff points of the variables were determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and certain points were assigned to these predictors to produce the PBSH score. The nomogram and PBSH score were compared with other scoring systems for PBSH. Results: Five independent predictors, comprised of temperature, pupillary light reflex, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score on admission, and hematoma volume, were incorporated to construct the nomogram. The PBSH score consisted of 4 independent factors with individual points assigned as follows: temperature, ≥38°C (=1 point), <38°C (=0 points); pupillary light reflex, absence (=1 point), presence (=0 points); GCS score 3–4 (=2 points), 5–11 (=1 point), and 12–15 (=0 points); PBSH volume >10 mL (=2 points), 5–10 mL (=1 point), and <5 mL (=0 points). Results showed that the nomogram was discriminative in predicting both 30-day mortality (area under the ROC curve [AUC] of 0.924 in the training cohort, and 0.931 in the validation cohort) and 30-day functional outcome (AUC of 0.887). The PBSH score was discriminative in predicting both 30-day mortality (AUC of 0.923 in the training cohort and 0.923 in the validation cohort) and 30-day functional outcome (AUC of 0.887). The prediction performances of the nomogram and the PBSH score were superior to the intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) score, primary pontine hemorrhage (PPH) score, and new PPH score. Conclusions: We developed and validated two prediction models for 30-day mortality and functional outcome in patients with PBSH. The nomogram and PBSH score could predict 30-day mortality and functional outcome in PBSH patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimal maneuver of observer for bearing-only tracking (BOT) in a threat environment is a complex problem which involves nonlinear filtering, threat avoidance, and optimal maneuver strategy. Under comprehensive consideration, the reward function comprised of the lower bound on detFIM and threat cost was established; the finite-horizon MDP principle was applied to obtain the optimal strategy. The quantization method was used to discretize the BOT process and calculate the transition matrix of Markov chain; to achieve quantization in the beginning of each period, CKF was applied to provide the initial state estimate and the corresponding error covariance. The numerical simulations illustrated the applicability and superior performance for static and dynamic target tracking in several scenarios in the threat environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In our previous study, mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), and Rac family small GTPase 1 (RAC1) were correlated with the recurrence of giant cell tumor of bone (GCT). The aim of this study is to use a large cohort study to confirm the involvement of these four genes in GCT recurrence.Methods: The expression of these four genes was detected and compared between GCT patients with or without recurrence. The correlation between the expression of these four genes and clinical characteristics was evaluated. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed for functional enrichment analysis.Results: It showed that the expression levels of MDM2, IGF1, STAT1, and RAC1 in GCT patients with recurrence were significantly higher than those in GCT patients without recurrence (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that several clinical characteristics may influence prognosis. A PPI network was constructed using the four genes as hub genes. Functional enrichment analysis showed that this network involves many important biological progress mediated by these four genes, including immune response.Conclusion: MDM2, IGF1, STAT1, and RAC1 are associated with GCT recurrence, which might serve as biomarkers for GCT recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ce-MOF is used as a molecular probe of RRS to quantitatively detect trace formaldehyde. • Formaldehyde derivative and Ce-MOF were coupled to generate energy transfer. • This method aims to combine the traditional spectrophotometric with the existing RRS technology. • A convenient detection of trace formaldehyde is realized. Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a widespread toxic pollutant, and the content of formaldehyde in food directly affects human health. Therefore, it is particularly important to establish and develop a rapid and accurate method for the determination of trace formaldehyde to ensure food safety. Metal-organic framework (MOF) has the characteristics of both organic and inorganic materials, which can be applied in various fields. What's more, Cerium (Ce) is the most abundant rare earth element. So far, it has no report about using Ce-MOF as a molecular probe of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS). The purpose of this research is to establish a new method for formaldehyde by combining the highly selective acetylacetone reaction with the sensitive RRS technology. When formaldehyde is added, acetylacetone reacts with it to form a complex (DDL), which acts as an accepter. There is a RRS-energy transfer (ET) between the DDL and Ce-MOF (act as the donor) because of spectral overlap. As a result, the RRS intensity of the Ce-MOF system decreased with formaldehyde concentration increase. So, Ce-MOF is used as a molecular probe of RRS to detect formaldehyde. In this study, the detection limit of formaldehyde was 0.063 µmol/L, and the determination range was 0.067–66.67 µmol/L. Compared with other methods, this method is simple in pretreatment and operation, and has a lower detection limit. Thus, a convenient detection of trace formaldehyde is realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a non‐linear filter named the range‐parameterised orthogonal simplex cubature Kalman filter (RPOSCKF) is proposed to further improve the accuracy of bearings‐only tracking. The filter combines the simplex spherical radial numerical rule with an orthogonal method, and thus the standard cubature points are transformed into the orthogonal simplex cubature points (OSCPs). It is proved that the filter using the OSCPs can tune the high order terms of the highly non‐linear measurement function and therefore alleviate problems due to the non‐local sampling effects. On the other hand, the fuzzy initial estimation problem is handled by an improved range‐parameterised (IRP) strategy. The IRP strategy divides the filter into some weighted orthogonal simplex CKFs each with different initial estimate, where the initial weights are based on the length of the estimate interval. Also, the sub‐filters with small updated weights will be removed and the computational complexity can be reduced. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm provides improved performance over the conventional algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method for the determination of oxytetracycline (OTC) has been established by coupling the catalytic amplification reaction of copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) with the aptamer reaction. CuNCs prepared by a wet chemical method have the catalytic activity for the formation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) resulting from a HAuCl4-ethanol (En) reaction. The experimental results showed that OTC aptamer (Apt) can be adsorbed on the surface of CuNCs in a non-specific way, thus inhibiting its catalytic activity. When OTC was added to the solution, the OTC-Apt complex was generated by a specific reaction, which made the CuNCs desorb and restore their catalytic activity. With the increase of OTC, the recovery of the catalytic activity of CuNCs is strengthened, the reaction speed is accelerated, and the number of AuNPs is increased. The generated AuNPs exhibited surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals at 1615 cm−1 in the presence of Vitoria blue 4R (VB4R) molecular probes, and a resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) peak at 586 nm. There is a good linear relationship between the intensities of SERS, or RRS, and OTC concentration at the range of 37.5–300 ng/L or 37.5–225 ng/L, respectively. A new SERS and RRS assay for the determination of trace OTC based on the regulation of CuNCs catalysis was established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, hydrogenated tungsten oxide(WO 3-x) was synthesized. Through experiments, it was found that the material could effectively use infrared light to generate free radicals and effectively remove trimethoprim(TMP). Among them, O 2 ·-and H 2 O 2 are the main types of free radicals. SEM, TEM, XRD, UV–Vis-IR diffuse reflection, and repeatability experiments proved the high efficiency of infrared light utilization and the stability of the material itself. Besides, nine degradation products and two pathways of TMP in the system were first discovered. [Display omitted] • Hydrogenated WO 3 (WO 3-x) has good infrared light utilization. • The mechanism of infrared enhanced degradation of TMP was investigated. • Nine novel trimethoprim degradation products have been first discovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upon stress challenges, proteins/RNAs undergo liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) to fine-tune cell physiology and metabolism to help cells adapt to adverse environments. The formation of LLPS has been recently linked with intracellular pH, and maintaining proper intracellular pH homeostasis is known to be essential for the survival of organisms. However, organisms are constantly exposed to diverse stresses, which are accompanied by alterations in the intracellular pH. Aging processes and human diseases are also intimately linked with intracellular pH alterations. In this review, we summarize stress-, aging-, and cancer-associated pH changes together with the mechanisms by which cells regulate cytosolic pH homeostasis. How critical cell components undergo LLPS in response to pH alterations is also discussed, along with the functional roles of intracellular pH fluctuation in the regulation of LLPS. Further studies investigating the interplay of pH with other stressors in LLPS regulation and identifying protein responses to different pH levels will provide an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying pH-driven LLPS in cell adaptation. Moreover, deciphering aging and disease-associated pH changes that influence LLPS condensate formation could lead to a deeper understanding of the functional roles of biomolecular condensates in aging and aging-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• To introduce alternative idea to predict combustion parameters of liquid hydrocarbons. • To set up multi-component gaseous alternative prediction model of liquid hydrocarbons. • To verify the applicability of alternative model by comparison with experimental data. • To pick out optimal alternative combination by using new comprehensive bias formula. • To reveal the C1-C3 gaseous hydrocarbons as core components to build prediction model. Currently, in order to predict more accurately the fire or explosion accident consequence of liquid hydrocarbons, detailed reaction kinetic models are being developed, however it's incredible for designing full kinetic model one-by-one for the whole compounds. Based on the previous conclusions that the macroscopic combustion characteristics of liquid hydrocarbons depend on their pyrolysis intermediates, in this work, 'alternative' idea is taken into consideration that alternative model can accurately predict the combustion consequence of typical liquid hydrocarbons, such as n -heptane (nC 7 H 16), n -octane (nC 8 H 18) and n -decane (nC 10 H 22). Then a multi-component gaseous alternative prediction model is designed for simulating high-temperature combustion characteristics of liquid hydrocarbons. The results show that: (1) Multi-component gaseous alternative model is proven to predict the combustion parameters of liquid hydrocarbons, and the optimal alternative groups are picked out by using a new comprehensive bias expression; (2) Multi-component gaseous alternative model may be built by combining primary pyrolysis intermediates with heat contribution to ignition of each alternative component; (3) the C1-C3 gaseous hydrocarbons should be considered as the core components to build multi-component alternative prediction model of liquid hydrocarbons; (4) the ignition delay time predicted by alternative model can keep almost constant above a certain initial temperature, regardless of any combination of alternative components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, the relative position between the transmitting and receiving coils could change suddenly, which is one of the most significant distinctions between wireless and wired power transfer systems. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no theoretical analysis has been reported on the dynamic behavior of the WPT systems under the relative position transient (RPT). This article proposes the concept of “coupling-coefficient susceptibility” to describe this dynamic behavior. The extended describing function method is applied to extract the mathematical model of the coupling-coefficient susceptibility. Finally, an RPT testing platform, composed of a series-series compensated WPT system and a coil motion mechanism is designed and fabricated to verify the theoretical analysis. The experimental results exhibit a good agreement with the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new and Rhodamine-based fluorescent probe for Hg2+ has been designed and developed. • The probe exhibits high sensitivity and fast kinetics for Hg2+ ions in aqueous solution. • The probe was successfully used to rapidly detect Hg2+ ions in real water samples. Mercury can cause a variety of physical diseases and even death due to its complicated biological toxicity. The detection of mercury ions is therefore of great significance. In this study, we designed a new rhodamine-based fluorescent probe Hg664 which shows a large Stokes-shift for Hg2+ detection. The probe was developed employing Hg2+-enhanced desulfurization-cyclization reaction, and demonstrated high selectivity, excellent sensitivity (LOD 1.87 ppb), and fast responsive profile (within 30 s). Besides, the probe was successfully applied for the detection of Hg2+ ions in different real water samples, and satisfactory results were obtained, indicating that the probe may be a potential method for detecting Hg2+ in the ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To increase the power density of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system, the coupling of coils can be strong. However, in a strongly coupled series–series WPT system with a diode rectifier, currents can be distorted and discontinuous, and first harmonic approximation is no longer valid. The inverter is likely to work in hard switching, leading to extra noise, decreased efficiency, and a potential hazard for a safe operation. Through time-domain analysis, this article reveals that with a dual-side 90° phase shift, the hard switching of the inverter can be avoided, the power level can be enhanced, and the discontinuous conduction mode can be avoided to eliminate noises. The factors impacting the soft switching operations of the inverter and the rectifier are analyzed. To achieve 90° dual-side phase shift, the conventional approach of using the receiver voltage/current, which can be distorted and discontinuous in strongly coupled WPT systems, for phase synchronization is no longer suitable. A new set of coils, namely driving coils, is used for phase synchronization so that dual-side phase shift can be implemented independent from power transfer. Experimental results have validated the effectiveness of the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extended describing function (EDF) method is widely used in modeling the resonant converters. This article finds that the model of the phase-shift controlled resonant converter deduced by this method might be inaccurate especially when the duty-cycle is close to 1. The reason behind it is investigated, showing that derivation of the inverter bridge model based on its fundamental harmonic will cause error. A novel model of the inverter bridge by Fourier analysis is proposed. Incorporating the novel model into the EDF-based resonant model, the accuracy of the phase-shift controlled resonant converter is greatly improved. A series–series compensated inductive power transfer system is fabricated in the lab to verify the validity of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Duty-cycle control is a widely used control method of resonant converters. In this article, the existing model of duty-cycle controlled resonant converters is found to have discrepancy compared with the simulation and experimental results. The reason behind is investigated, showing the phase change in the output voltage of the inverter bridge caused by the duty-cycle perturbation was ignored in the existing model. The phase change law is highly dependent on the duty-cycle scheme used, which is further determined by the forms of the carriers and the switching sequences of the resonant converters. With this consideration, improved models of both full-bridge and half-bridge resonant converters with different duty-cycle control schemes are rederived. It is revealed that different duty-cycle control schemes lead to different phase curves of the duty-cycle-to-output-voltage transfer functions, therefore care should be taken when selecting the appropriate duty-cycle control scheme. In the end, a series-series compensated wireless power transfer system is built to verify the validity of the proposed models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Ni–SiC composite coatings with improved wear and corrosion resistance were obtained by ultrasonic electrodeposition (UED) method. The microstructure, microhardness, corrosion and abrasion resistance, and sectional composition distribution of the composite coatings were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical workstation, Vickers microhardness testing, and wear testing. AFM and HRTEM results revealed compact surface structure of Ni–SiC composite coating prepared by UED. Mean diameter of Ni crystals was 68.4 nm, whereas that of SiC nanoparticles present within the composite was 26.7 nm. According to XPS data, contents of Si in UED deposited Ni–SiC composite coating were approximately 23.7 at.%, whereas that of Ni was about 46.8 at.%. Ni–SiC composite coating deposited via UED method exhibited largest microhardness (715.7 HV) compared to other coatings, whereas nickel coating had mean microhardness of 485.8 HV. I corr and E corr values of Ni–SiC composite coatings deposited via UED were 1.13 × 10−3 mA/cm2 and −0.311 V, respectively, indicating optimal level of corrosion resistance. Besides, surface morphological analysis of the coating revealed it to be glossy with only minor surface scratches, exhibiting the best wear resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bearings-only tracking only adopts measurements from angle sensors to realize target tracking, thus, the accuracy of the state prediction has a significant influence on the final results of filtering. There exist unpredictable approximation errors in the process of filtering due to state propagation, discretization, linearization or other adverse effects. The idea of online covariance adaption is proposed in this work, where the post covariance information is proved to be effective for the covariance adaption. With theoretical deduction, the relationship between the posterior covariance and the priori covariance is investigated; the priori covariance is modified online based on the feedback rule of covariance updating. The general framework integrates the continuous-discrete cubature Kalman filtering and the feedback rule of covariance updating. Numerical results illustrated that the proposed method has advantages over decreasing unpredictable errors and improving the computational accuracy and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leaf area index (LAI) is a crucial parameter for analyzing terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycles and global climate change. Obtaining high spatiotemporal resolution forest stand vegetation LAI products over large areas is essential for an accurate understanding of forest ecosystems. This study takes the northwestern part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (the northern section of the Greater Khingan Mountains) in northern China as the research area. It also generates the LAI time series product of the 8-day and 30 m forest stand vegetation growth period from 2013 to 2017 (from the 121st to the 305th day of each year). The Simulated Annealing-Back Propagation Neural Network (SA-BPNN) model was used to estimate LAI from Landsat8 OLI, and the multi-period GaoFen-1 WideField-View satellite images (GF-1 WFV) and the spatiotemporal adaptive reflectance fusion mode (STARFM) was used to predict high spatiotemporal resolution LAI by combining inversion LAI and Global LAnd Surface Satellite-derived vegetation LAI (GLASS LAI) products. The results showed the following: (1) The SA-BPNN estimation model has relatively high accuracy, with R2 = 0.75 and RMSE = 0.38 for the 2013 LAI estimation model, and R2 = 0.74 and RMSE = 0.17 for the 2016 LAI estimation model. (2) The fused 30 m LAI product has a good correlation with the LAI verification of the measured sample site (R2 = 0.8775) and a high similarity with the GLASS LAI product. (3) The fused 30 m LAI product has a high similarity with the GLASS LAI product, and compared with the GLASS LAI interannual trend line, it accords with the growth trend of plants in the seasons. This study provides a theoretical and technical reference for forest stand vegetation growth period LAI spatiotemporal fusion research based on high-score data, and has an important role in exploring vegetation primary productivity and carbon cycle changes in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maximum efficiency point tracking (MEPT) control has been adopted in state-of-the-art wireless power transfer (WPT) systems to meet the power demands with the highest efficiency against coupling and load variations. Conventional MEPT implementations use dc/dc converters on both transmitting and receiving sides to regulate the output voltage and maximize the system efficiency at the expense of increased overall complexity and power losses on the dc/dc converters. Other implementations use phase-shift control or on–off control of the transmitting side inverter and the receiving side active rectifier instead of dc/dc converters but cause new problems, e.g., hard switching, low average efficiency, and large dc voltage ripples. This paper proposes a pulse density modulation (PDM) based implementation for MEPT to eliminate all the mentioned disadvantages of existing implementations. Delta-sigma modulators are used as an example to realize the PDM. A dual-side soft switching technique is proposed for the PDM. The ripple factor of the output voltage with PDM is derived. A 50 W WPT system is built to validate the proposed method. The system efficiency is maintained higher than 70% for various load resistances when the power transfer distance is 0.5 m, which is 1.67 times the diameter of the coils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser‐driven projection display puts forward urgent demand for color converter materials to achieve wide‐color‐gamut and high‐quality image presentation. In this study, a hierarchical structure quantum dots‐in‐glass film (QiGF) is fabricated via co‐sintering stable green/red‐emitting CsPbX3@glass (X3 = Br3, Br1.5I1.5) and commercial low‐melting glass on the sapphire substrate. Benefiting from the well‐retained optical properties of CsPbX3 quantum dots in amorphous glass and high thermal conductivity, QiGF succeeded in inhibiting luminescence saturation after 20 W mm−2 blue laser irradiation. A brand‐new white‐lighting source designed by coupling a blue laser with a pattern "QiGF wheel" produced ultra‐narrow blue/green/red tri‐color emissions and total luminous flux of 146 lm. Accordingly, a QiGF‐converted laser projection system is successfully designed for the first time, showing more natural and real color restoration for its wide color gamut display feature (157% of conventional light‐emitting diode projection and 107% of NTSC standard). The present study highlights the practical application of CsPbX3 quantum dots composite as an efficient laser‐driven color converter in projection display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tree species information is an important factor in forest resource surveys, and light detection and ranging (LiDAR), as a new technical tool for forest resource surveys, can quickly obtain the 3D structural information of trees. In particular, the rapid and accurate classification and identification of tree species information from individual tree point clouds using deep learning methods is a new development direction for LiDAR technology in forest applications. In this study, mobile laser scanning (MLS) data collected in the field are first pre-processed to extract individual tree point clouds. Two downsampling methods, non-uniform grid and farthest point sampling, are combined to process the point cloud data, and the obtained sample data are more conducive to the deep learning model for extracting classification features. Finally, four different types of point cloud deep learning models, including pointwise multi-layer perceptron (MLP) (PointNet, PointNet++, PointMLP), convolution-based (PointConv), graph-based (DGCNN), and attention-based (PCT) models, are used to classify and identify the individual tree point clouds of eight tree species. The results show that the classification accuracy of all models (except for PointNet) exceeded 0.90, where the PointConv model achieved the highest classification accuracy for tree species classification. The streamlined PointMLP model can still achieve high classification accuracy, while the PCT model did not achieve good accuracy in the tree species classification experiment, likely due to the small sample size. We compare the training process and final classification accuracy of the different types of point cloud deep learning models in tree species classification experiments, further demonstrating the advantages of deep learning techniques in tree species recognition and providing experimental reference for related research and technological development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite quantum dots are considered an ideal alternative to traditional phosphor color converters because of their excellent optical properties. However, the bottleneck problem of instability has tremendously limited their practical applications. In the present work, we fabricate green-emitting CsPbBr 3 @glass and red-emitting CsPbBr 1.5 I 1.5 @glass nanocomposites via an in-situ nucleation/growth method. Importantly, the CsPbX 3 @glass (X 3 = Br 3 , Br 1.5 I 1.5) samples exhibit striking thermal reversibility in the heating/cooling cycle experiments. Furthermore, CsPbX 3 monolithic films with high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 80–95% and narrow full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) down to 16 nm are achieved by dispersing ground CsPbX 3 @glass particles in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. Benefiting from dual encapsulation of inorganic glass matrix and organic polymer matrix, the film can endure harsh accelerated aging tests (at 85 °C/85%RH for 500 h). Finally, combining the as-prepared yellow monolithic film with blue chips as the backlight endows the liquid crystal display (LCD) with a wide color gamut (a color gamut of 146% of commercial LCD, 101% of NTSC after passing the color filters), demonstrating great prospects in the display industry. • CsPbX 3 (X 3 = Br 3 , Br 1.5 I 1.5) QDs were in-situ precipitated inside glass matrix via controlling nucleation/growth process. • CsPbX 3 monolithic films exhibited high PLQY of 80–95% and FWHM down to 16 nm. • The CsPbX 3 @glass@PDMS composite films possessed extremely excellent moisture and heat resistance. • A white LED backlit unit was simply achieved by coupling a yellow composite film with blue chips. • The color gamut of screen reached 101% NTSC 1953 standard and 146% commercial LCD after passing the color filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest carbon flux is critical to climate change, and the accurate modeling of forest carbon flux is an extremely challenging task. The remote sensing model (the MODIS MOD_17 gross primary productivity (GPP) model (MOD_17)) has strong practicability and is widely used around the world. The ecological process (the Biome-BioGeochemical Cycles Multilayer Soil Module model (Biome-BGCMuSo)) model can describe most of the vegetation's environmental and physiological processes on fine time scales. Nevertheless, complex parameters and calibrations pose challenges to the application and development of models. In this study, we optimized all the input parameters of the MOD_17 model for the calibration of the Biome-BGCMuSo model to obtain GPP with continuous spatiality. To determine the contribution of input parameters to the GPP of different forest types, an Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (EFAST) was performed on the Biome-BGCMuSo model firstly. Then, we selected the sample points of each forest type and its different ecological gradients (30 for each type), using the GPP simulation value of the optimized MOD_17 model corresponding to the time and space scale to calibrate the Biome-BGCMuSo model, to drive the calibrated Biome-BGCMuSo, and we simulated the different forest types' net primary productivity (NPP). According to dendrochronological measurements, the NPP simulation results were verified on the whole regional scale. The results showed that the GPP values of different forest types were highly sensitive to C:Nleaf (C:N of leaf), SLA1 (canopy average specific leaf area in phenological phase 1), and FLNR (fraction of leaf N in Rubisco). The coefficient of determination (R2) between the simulated forest NPP and the measured NPP was 0.64, and the root-mean-square (RMSE) was 26.55 g/C/m2/year. Our study aims to reduce uncertainty in forest carbon fluxes simulated by the Biome-BGCMuSo model, providing feedback for understanding forest ecosystem carbon cycling, vegetation productivity, and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To balance the phase output currents of a multiphase inverter, negatively coupled inductors (NCIs) can be used to achieve a larger differential mode (DM) loop impedance than the common mode (CM) loop impedance. For a good current sharing effect, the inductances of the NCIs should be large, leading to bulky size and cost ineffectiveness, which should be avoided in high-power applications. This article proposes a novel current balancing method based on parallel resonance. A parallel resonant network (PRN) is inserted between any two phases. With $\Delta $ -Y transform, the inductor common point and the capacitor common point are generated, either of which can be used as the CM output node. For a series–series compensated wireless power transfer system, part of the existing compensating capacitance can be employed to form PRNs with the added parallel inductors. The DM currents are suppressed by the large impedance of the PRNs. Compared with the existing method, the inductances of the NCIs can be greatly reduced to achieve better current balancing performance. The added parallel inductors are of small current ratings, which are only visible to DM currents. A prototype is implemented to validate the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies on the impact mechanism of landslides against multiple barriers are commonly based on small-scale and large-scale flume tests in the absence of real-scale landslides. This study established a coupled smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model to analyze the landslide and multiple barriers in one numerical framework. Thereafter, a flume test of dry sand impacting dual barriers was simulated, and the impact force was compared to test results for the validation. The Gaoloucun landslide was selected as the studying case and by changing the barrier spacing, barrier height and number of rows, the dual-barrier system and triple-barrier system were designed with totally 12 simulation cases. All these cases were analyzed by the proposed SPH model to obtain the variation of run-out distance and peak impact force. The results show that a large barrier spacing is recommended for the improvement of interception efficiency and increasing the row number of barriers can take effect. Finally, the comparison between simulations and analytical solutions demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed SPH model in the impact analysis of actual landslides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] We synthesized a group of newly designed phenanthrene-bridged photochromic diarylethenes. [•] We examined their absorption and fluorescence changes in various solvents. [•] Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out to determine the structure of one diarylethene derivative. [•] We found their fluorescent non-destructive readout capability. [•] DFT theoretical calculation results indicated the photocyclization of open forms was carried out at the second excited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the characteristics of ploughing extrusion forming and the theory of metal cutting, the wear and damage mechanism, common wear and damage forms and causes of multi-tooth tools in ploughing extrusion forming are analyzed. Then, the correctness of the analysis of tool wear and damage mechanism and common wear and damage forms is verified by field cutting experiments. At the same time, the phenomena and causes of workpiece stagnation and cracks in the process of ploughing and extrusion forming were obtained through experiments. Finally, the reasonable processing parameters of ploughing and extrusion forming multi-tooth cutting tool were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript, Ni–TiN thin coatings were deposited on 45 steel substrate surfaces using a magnetically assisted pulse electrodeposition (MAPE) technique. The surface topographies, chemical compositions, microstructures, microhardnesses, and corrosion properties of the Ni–TiN thin coatings were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning probe microscopy (SPM), triboindenter in-situ nanomechanical testing, as well as corrosion and wear testing. Results indicated that the Ni grain size in the Ni–TiN thin coatings gradually decreased as the grain size of TiN decreased from 180 nm to 32 nm. The mean sizes of TiN nanoparticles and Ni grains in the NT32 thin coating were 41.5 nm and 379.2 nm, respectively. The microhardness of NT180 was the lowest among all three coatings with a mean value of 597.2 HV. Conversely, the mean microhardness of the NT32 thin coating was the highest at 902.9 HV. The size of the TiN particles had a significant effect on the corrosion properties of the Ni–TiN thin coatings, and the corrosion curve of the thin coating of NT32 slowly grew throughout the experiment. Under the same wear test conditions, the NT180 coating showed higher wear mass loss, while the wear mass loss of the NT32 thin coating was the lowest at 36.4 mg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• EGSB treatment of food waste could tolerate a fluctuation of COD. • Dissolved ammonia nitrogen and organic nitrogen were mainly removed. • Methanothrix were the predominant archaea. • Amino acids metabolism decreased and energy metabolism increased at high OLR. The influent and effluent nitrogen compositions of an expanded granular sludge blanket (EGSB) reactor employed for treating food waste (FW) operated under ambient temperature was evaluated. Additionally, dynamic changes in the bacterial community structures and its metabolic functions were investigated. Results show that the EGSB reactor had a good effect on FW disposal and well resistance to variations in the organic loading rate. Furthermore, the COD concentration in the influent increased to about 10,000 mg/L and the COD removal rate stabilized at about 95%. The dissolved ammonia nitrogen (d -ammonia) content was the largest, accounting for approximately 70–80% of the dissolved nitrogen in the effluent. The amount of particulate organic nitrogen (PON) decreased by about 25%–33%. Amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism decreased at high organic loading rate (OLR). Meanwhile, the abundance of Methanothrix increased from 30.82% to 70.25%, whereas Methanobacterium decreased from 66.14% to 14.49%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Load-independent output characteristics of inductive power transfer (IPT) systems are increasingly popular in battery charging. This paper proposes a novel variable-parameter T-circuit (VT) for an IPT system charging a battery with constant current (CC) or constant voltage (CV) output. The VT can transfer a CC/CV input to a CC or CV output by using an ac switch and a passive component (inductor or capacitor). An IPT system with a VT for CC–CV charging can reduce the number of passive components and ac switches. Besides, the proposed VT merits more design freedom of charge current/voltage with the constraints imposed by the loosely coupled transformer parameters compared to that of the traditional one. In addition, there are three kinds of VTs for various IPT charging systems with different requirements. A 400 W laboratory-scale prototype with a 150 mm air gap was built to verify the theoretical analyses. Both electronic load and lead-acid battery are utilized to verify the charging profile of the proposed method. The experimental results of the IPT system indicate that the fluctuation of the charging current in CC mode is less than 2%, and the change rate of charging voltage in CV mode is within 2.9%. The maximum overall efficiency 93.93% of the charging system is achieved from a dc 110 V input to a dc 100 V output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]