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Objective: To investigate the anti-aging effect of camel milk immunoglobulin G (IgG) at different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/mL) on the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods: The anti-aging activity of camel milk IgG was evaluated by analyzing the lifespan, reproductive capacity, locomotory capacity, stress resistance, and lipofuscin level of C. elegans. Results: Compared with the control group, the concentration of IgG in camel milk was safe, which damaged neither the reproductive nor locomotory capacity of C. elegans. Feeding of camel milk IgG at concentrations of 1, 2, and 4 mg/mL significantly prolonged the average lifespan of C. elegans, and at 0.5 and 4 mg/mL significantly increased the swallowing frequency (P < 0.05). Feeding of camel milk IgG at 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/mL significantly improved the heat stress resistance, and significantly prolonged the average lifespan of C. elegans (P < 0.05). Feeding of camel milk IgG at 1 and 4 mg/mL significantly increased the oxidative stress resistance of C. elegans (P < 0.05), and lipofuscin deposition was significantly decreased after 14-day feeding of camel milk IgG at 0.5 and 2 mg/mL (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Feeding a certain concentration of camel milk IgG has an anti-aging effect on C. elegans.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze and compare the quality and flavor of dromedary and bifocal camel yogurt. Methods: Through physicochemical analysis, texture analysis, rheological analysis, SPME-GC-MC, sensory evaluation, etc., the overall differences in quality and flavor of dromedary and bifocal camel yogurt were determined. Results: The viable bacteria count, protein, fat, total solids content, and antioxidant activity of dromedary camel yogurt were lower than those of bifocal camel yogurt （PPPPPP

The anti-aging effects of four Bifidobacterium species (B. pseudospermum BP-1, B. longum BL-3, B. animalis BA-5 and B. infantis BI-38) on Caenorhabditis elegans were evaluated in terms of its lifespan, reproductive capacity, vitality, body shape, stress resistance, lipofuscin levels, antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The results showed that compared with the control group (Escherichia coli OP50), BA-5 and BI-38 effectively extended the lifespan of C. elegans (P 0.05). Meanwhile, BA-5 and BI-38 did not impair the reproductive or locomotory capacities of C. elegans (P > 0.05), but could effectively enhance its pharyngeal pumping and reduce its body size (P < 0.05). BA-5 and BI-38 were able to enhance tolerance to heat or oxidative stress and thus prolong the lifespan of C. elegans (P < 0.05), significantly reduce lipofuscin accumulation and MDA content (P < 0.05), and significantly increase the activity of two antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) in C. elegans (P < 0.05). In conclusion, B. infantis BI-38 and B. animalis BA-5 had stronger anti-aging activity in vivo.

[Objective] In recent years, the phenomenon of urban shrinkage has become increasingly prominent in China, and it is of great significance to accurately identify this phenomenon and its influence mechanism on land prices, which may help in guiding the construction of new urbanization and coordinated regional development. [Methods] This study used the panel data of Chinese cities from 2011 to 2021 to establish a spatial Durbin model through threshold regression and spatial autocorrelation test and to explore the impact of urban shrinkage on urban land prices. [Results] (1) After controlling for the fixed effect of province and time, the regression results show that the urban shrinkage is negatively correlated with land price, indicating that the city with urban shrinkage was called the city without urban shrinkage, and the land price is lower. (2) The regression analysis divides the sample into three regions and finds that the negative impact of urban shrinkage of central and western regions on land price is more significant, while the shrinkage of eastern cities is not significant, which indicates that the impact of urban shrinkage in different regions on land price is heterogeneous. (3) Taking per capita carbon emissions as the threshold variable, the results show that with the increase of per capita carbon emissions, there is a structural break point in the impact of urban shrinkage on land price, especially after crossing the threshold. (4) The results of the spatial econometric model show that due to the significant spatial spillover effect of urban shrinkage, the shrinkage of one city causes the rise of land prices in surrounding cities. This suggests that there is a spatial correlation between urban shrinkage and impact on nearby cities. [Conclusion] Urban shrinkage is an unavoidable problem in the process of urbanization in the new stage of development. Therefore, it is of great significance to adopt differentiated shrinkage strategies to guide the urban economic development of various regions and maintain stable and controllable land prices. The results of this study provide important policy implications for the government to coordinate regional development, strengthen environmental protection, and optimize the allocation of land resources.

Glycosylated whey protein (GWP) was prepared from whey protein and xylooligosaccharide by wet glycosylation method. Its advantages for use as a fat substitute were analyzed, and the application of this fat substitute in reduced-fat processed cheese was explored. The results showed that the optimal preparation conditions were determined as: xylooligosaccharide concentration of 6%, reaction temperature of 85 ℃ and reaction time of 2 h. The grafting degree of GWP prepared using these conditions was (29.28 ± 1.53)%, and a browning phenomenon occurred during the preparation process. Compared with whey protein, the contents of α-helix, β-fold, β-turn and random coil structures changed in GWP, and the water and oil-holding properties increased by 60.18% and 103.97%, respectively; the emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability increased by 30.81% and 13.57%, respectively. The surface of GWP was smoother. The surface hydrophobicity at pH 7.0 was 2.48 times higher than that of whey protein. After shearing at 10 000 r/min for 10 minutes, the median particle diameter of GWP was 7.57 µm, and the stability of the solution was obviously improved, so that GWP could be used to simulate fat. The hardness of reduced-fat processed cheese with 60% butter replacement by GWP was significantly lower than that of full-fat processed cheese (P 0.05), and the total sensory score was equivalent to that of full-fat processed cheese. These results proved that the glycosylated whey protein has a potential application as a fat substitute in reduced-fat food while guaranteeing that the quality of the product is good.

Objective To investigate whether pemetrexed can regulate the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Methods Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was selected for cell resuscitation, culture and passage, and was divided into control group, low-dose and high-dose pemetrexed intervention group. CCK-8 assay was used to detect proliferation inhibition rate of A549 cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle and apoptosis; Western blot was used to detect the difference between proteins related to apoptosis and to PI3K/AKT signal pathway function. Results With the increase of drug dose and treatment time, both inhibition rate to A549 cells proliferation and apoptosis were significantly increased.The expression of cleaved caspase-3 and Bad protein was also significantly increased while the expression of Bcl-2 protein was significantly decreased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). At 48 h of culture, with the increase of pemetrexed concentration, the proportion of G0/G1 phase of A549 cells increased significantly, while the proportion of S phase and G2/M phase decreased significantly (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);The expression of PI3K, AKT and p-AKT wassignificantly decreased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). Conclusions Pemetrexed can inhibit the proliferation and promote apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549, potentially through a mechanism of inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Milk contains bioactive compounds that have multiple essential benefits. Milk-derived small extracellular vesicles (M-sEVs) have emerged as novel bioactive milk components with various beneficial biological functions and broad applications. The M-sEVs from different mammalian sources have similar composition and bioactive functions. The digestive stability and biocompatibility of the M-sEVs provide a good foundation for their physiological functions. Evidence suggests that M-sEVs promote intestinal, immune, bone, neural, liver, and heart health and show therapeutic effects against cancer, indicating their potential for use in functional foods. In addition, M-sEVs can be developed as natural delivery carriers owing to their superior structural characteristics. Further studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between the specific components and functions of M-sEVs, standardize their extraction processes, and refine relevant clinical trials to advance the future applications of M-sEVs. This review summarizes the structure and composition of M-sEVs isolated from different milk sources and discusses several common extraction methods. Since the introduction of M-sEVs for digestion and absorption, studies have been conducted on their biological functions. Furthermore, we outline the theoretical industrial production route, potential application scenarios of M-sEVs, and the future perspectives of M-sEV research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the antibacterial efficacy of 700 feline-derived lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), a common cause of diarrhea in cats. Following comprehensive screening, strains ZY25 and ZY35 were identified as the most effective, with inhibition zones of ≥22 mm. These strains demonstrated strong tolerance against stress conditions, such as low pH, bile salts, and gastrointestinal fluids, alongside high hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation abilities. Safety evaluations confirmed the absence of hemolytic activity, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance genes. The antibacterial activity of these strains is attributed to the production of organic acids, particularly lactic acid and acetic acid. These findings suggest that strains ZY25 and ZY35 have potential as natural and effective probiotic treatments for managing EPEC-induced diarrhea in cats, thus offering an alternative to conventional antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The smart city pilot plan plays a pivotal role in the modernization of urban development within Digital China. To accelerate economic growth and establish a nation driven by innovation, it is crucial to examine the impact of smart city pilot programs on urban innovation. This research evaluates the effects of these policies using a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) model. The findings indicate a significant enhancement in innovation levels within cities that participated in China's smart city pilot program. These results remain robust even after rigorous validity tests. Mechanism testing reveals that the development of smart city pilot cities primarily boosts urban innovation through industrial upgrading and increased informatization. Additionally, heterogeneity tests show that the influence of smart city policies on urban innovation varies according to the geographical characteristics of different cities. Based on these insights, this study provides recommendations to further strengthen urban innovation by optimizing smart city policies. These include crafting differentiated smart city strategies, promoting the digital transformation of cities, and increasing economic support for smart city initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastrointestinal (GI) afflictions are prevalent among the feline population, wherein the intricacies of the gut microbiome exert a profound influence on their overall health. Alterations within this microbial consortium can precipitate a cascade of physiological changes, notably in immune function and antioxidant capacity. This research investigated the impact of Bifidobacterium lactis (B. lactis) and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) on cats' GI health, exploring the effects of probiotic supplementation on the intestinal ecosystem using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The findings demonstrated a significant improvement in gut barrier function by reducing plasma concentrations of D-lactate (D-LA) by 30.38% and diamine oxidase (DAO) by 22.68%, while increasing the population of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus. There was a notable 25% increase in immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, evidenced by increases of 19.13% in catalase (CAT), 23.94% in superoxide dismutase (SOD), and 21.81% in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Further analysis revealed positive correlations between Lactobacillus abundance and IgA, CAT, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels. These correlations indicate that B. lactis and L. plantarum enhance feline immune and antioxidant functions by increasing the abundance of beneficial Lactobacillus in the GI tract. These findings provide a foundation for probiotic interventions aimed at enhancing health and disease resistance in feline populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green technology is a significant means to improve the environment and achieve sustainable development goals. According to the data of Chinese provincial panel from 2000 to 2016, our study investigated the spatial effect of environmental research and development (R&D) activities on SO2 intensity using the dynamic spatial Durbin model. First, SO2 intensity in China was shown to have obvious spatial correlation, strong path dependence, and spatial agglomeration features of 'high-high' as well as 'low-low'. Second, both in the short- and long-term, environmental R&D activities had an essential negative influence on local SO2 intensity, but no significant effect on SO2 intensity in the neighbouring areas, indicating that the SO2 intensity reduction effect of environmental R&D activities was confined to local areas. Moreover, the long-term effect of environmental R&D activities on SO2 intensity was not enhanced, indicating that China's existing green technology is insufficient, which hinders the spillover influences of environmental R&D activities. Third, the short- as well as long-term effects of practical-type R&D on SO2 intensity were significantly negative, indicating that practical-type R&D can effectively reduce SO2 intensity. Invention-type R&D had a significant negative effect on local SO2 intensity, but no significant effect on neighbouring areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The correction notice for the article "Antibacterial Efficacy of Feline-Derived Lactic Acid Bacteria against Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli" in Fermentation journal addresses missing paragraphs in the original publication. The corrected sections highlight the antibacterial activity of Ligilactobacillus agilis ZY25 and Ligilactobacillus salivarius ZY35, emphasizing their potential as probiotics for poultry and swine production. The authors affirm that the scientific conclusions remain unchanged, and the correction was approved by the Academic Editor. [Extracted from the article]