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With the development of urban industry and technology, environmental issues have raised increasing concerns toward gas monitoring. Flexible, portable, and low-cost sensors for detecting gas analytes in real-time have emerged as next-generation gas analytical devices. Among them, flexible chemiresistive gas sensors stand out due to their high operability, intuitive response signal and because the conditions required are not harsh. As a result, flexible chemiresistive gas sensors are endowed with huge potential toward a wide range of applications and should be paid more attention. This review mainly covers four types of flexible chemiresistive gas sensors based on different sensing materials, including metal oxide semiconductor (MOX)-based, graphene-based, MXene-based, and polymer-based gas sensors. The definition and sensing mechanisms of gas sensing materials are first combed. Recent advances of flexible chemiresistive gas sensors are summarized to afford design strategies toward different sensing materials, and the current applications are also introduced. Finally, challenges and prospects for flexible chemiresistive gas sensors are further discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction To compare the clinical outcomes and complication rates of Convective Water Vapour Energy Ablation (Rezum®) and Prostatic Urethral Lift (Urolift®). To identify predictive factors for treatment failures in both treatments. Materials & Methods Prospective clinico-epidemiological data of patients who underwent Urolift® or Rezum® in a single institution for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) was collected. The choice of intervention depended on the preference of the patients after patient-centric discussions. Results From October 2019 to October 2022, 86 patients underwent Rezum® and 62 patients underwent Urolift®. Rezum® involved a longer indwelling catheter duration (12.38±5.548 versus 1.39±3.010 days, p<0.001) compared to Urolift®. Rezum® was associated with more complications compared to Urolift® (36 (41.9%) versus 10 (16.1%) cases, p<0.001). Rezum® had more cases of hematuria (17 (19.8%) versus 4 (6.5%) cases (p=0.022)) and urinary tract infections (27 (31.4%) versus 3 (4.8%) cases, p<0.001)), compared to Urolift®. There were no significant differences in Clavien-Dindo Grade 3-5 complications between the interventions. Urolift® was associated with higher re-operation rates (5 (8.1%) versus 0 (0%) cases, p=0.010) compared Rezum®. Rezum® had higher anti-cholinergic usage rates compared to Urolift® post-operation (22 (25.6%) versus 8 (12.9%) cases, p=0.024). Both interventions showed improvement in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Quality of Life score, and peak velocity flow over the 2 years with no significant difference between the two. Based on receiver operating characteristic curve, pre-operation IPSS ≥ 16 had 95.7% sensitivity and 38.4% specificity to predict the probability of treatment failures after the interventions. Conclusions There was no difference in clinical outcomes of patients who underwent Rezum® and Urolift®. However, patients who had undergone Rezum® faced more minor complications and more required anti-cholinergic medications. Lastly, physicians should note that patients with IPSS≥16 would unlikely benefit from either intervention.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are highly regarded as the next-generation energy-storage devices because of their ultrahigh theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg -1 . Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) is considered a promising sulfur cathode to substitute carbon/sulfur (C/S) composites to afford higher Coulombic efficiency, improved cycling stability, and potential high-energy-density Li-SPAN batteries. However, the instability of the Li-metal anode threatens the performances of Li-SPAN batteries bringing limited lifespan and safety hazards. Li-metal can react with most kinds of electrolyte to generate a protective solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), electrolyte regulation is a widely accepted strategy to protect Li-metal anodes in rechargeable batteries. Herein, the basic principles and current challenges of Li-SPAN batteries are addressed. Recent advances on electrolyte regulation towards stable Li-metal anodes in Li-SPAN batteries are summarized to suggest design strategies of solvents, lithium salts, additives, and gel electrolyte. Finally, prospects for future electrolyte design and Li anode protection in Li-SPAN batteries are discussed., (© 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

In the present study, lignin from eucalyptus was extracted with 80% alkaline dioxane (0.05 M NaOH) from ball-milled wood and subsequently fractionated by gradient acid precipitation from the filtrate. Meanwhile, the residual lignin was prepared by a double enzymatic hydrolysis process. The yield of the lignin extracted by alkaline dioxane (L A-2 ) was 29.5%. The carbohydrate contents and molecular weights of the gradient acid precipitated lignin fractions gradually decreased from 4.90 to 1.36% and from 7770 to 5510 g/mol, respectively, with the decline of the pH value from 6 to 2. Results from two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 31 P NMR spectroscopy showed an evident reduction of β- O-4 ' linkages with the pH value decrease, while the contents of aliphatic -OH, phenolic -OH, and carboxylic groups displayed an increasing trend. Moreover, the residual lignin exhibited the highest molecular weight (11690 g/mol), the most abundant β- O-4 ' linkages (71.1%), and the highest S/G ratio (4.68).

Objective: To construct a non-viral vector for targeting cancer gene therapy., Methods: The coding sequence of H1s-EGFc was inserted into the expression vectors of Pichia pastoris, and the fusion protein was expressed in secretary way. H1s-EGFc was purified by anion exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. H1s-EGFc fusion protein and "killing gene" expression recombinant pKG plasmid DNA were dissolved in serum-free RPMI-1640 culture to produce H1s-EGFc/pKG complex. HeLa cells, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) highly expressing cell line, and Jurkat cells, an EGFR non-expressing cell line, were cultured and transfected with H1s-EGFc/pKG complex of different concentrations. Trypan blue staining was used to calculate the number of live cells and the killing rate of H1s-EGFc/pKG., Results: H1s-EGFc fusion protein was constructed and expressed with a purity of over 90%. When the concentrations of H1s-EGFc/pKG complex were 3 microg/ml, 6 microg/ml, and 9 microg/ml respectively the killing rates were 30.6%, 36.2%, and 58.1% respectively., Conclusion: The fusion protein H1s-EGFc binds functional gene efficiently and targets it into specific cells. It can be used as non-viral vector in target cancer gene therapy.