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Laparoscopic Kasai portoenterostomy (LKPE) is generally regarded to have a poorer outcome for surgical treatment of uncorrectable biliary atresia. We herein described our initial experience of some modifications to make LKPE easier in the treatment of type III biliary atresia (BA).During the period July 2012-October 2016, a total of 25 infants with type III BA were treated with a modified LKPE technique. A percutaneous suture was introduced just below the xiphoid process to snare the round ligament and retract the liver; other percutaneous stay sutures were then introduced to the fundus and neck of the gallbladder to elevate the liver and expose the porta hepatis. In 15 cases, part of the hepatic lobus quadratus was removed laparoscopically to expose the porta hepatis. The two elastic rubber bands were put around the portal vein and hepatic artery, and the porta hepatis was exposed by stretching the two rubber bands laterally to facilitate laparoscopic portoenterostomy.Patients were divided into two groups according to their ages at operation: group I: age between 30 and 75 days (n = 18), and group II: age between 76 and 85 days (n = 8). There were no operative deaths, but two patients died of repeated cholangitis and liver failure. Blood loss during operation was minimal and no blood transfusions were required. Operating times varied from 210 to 270 min (mean 232.4 ± 19.0 min). Among the two groups, there were no differences in blood loss (P0.05), but there were differences in operating time (P0.05). All patients survived the surgery without any intraoperative complications, and the median follow-up time was 25.3 months. Total bilirubin dropped to normal in 18 patients with an additional 5 patients showing a significant overall drop after surgery.With the original concepts of Kasai portoenterostomy, perfect laparoscopic skills and some key modifications to expose the porta hepatis, our LKPE can be performed safely and successfully with improved outcome for infants with type III BA.

Objectives Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is an uncommon cause of duodenal obstruction in pediatric patients. It is extremely rare in young infants. The classic treatment for SMAS has been an open or laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy when conservative medical therapy failed to resolve the obstruction. We herein reported 3 cases of SMAS in infants treated by laparoscopic Ladd's procedure. The advantages and feasibility of laparoscopic Ladd's procedure applied for SMAS in infants were discussed. Methods Three cases of infants with SMAS subjected to laparoscopic Ladd's procedure in our hospital were collected from January 2014 to December 2015. The patients' age, operative time, postoperative hospital observation, resumption of full diet, and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results The median age at operation was 8 months (range, 6–9 months). The mean body weight was 7.9 kg (range, 6.5–8.8 kg). The mean operative time was 66.7 min (range, 65–75 min). The mean postoperative hospital stay was 4.3 days (range, 4–5 days) and the follow-up was 20.7 months (range, 12–34 months) without any specific postoperative complications. Conclusion Based on our reports, laparoscopic Ladd's procedure is a reliable and practicable minimally invasive surgery for in infants with SMAS.

The paper presents a prototype of virtual decoder of the transport stream's system target decoder (T-STD). By connecting the coding model and decoding model, and feeding the overflow of decoding buffer back to control coding, we have got a self-adaptive coding model, and propose an algorithm of multiplexing multiple elementary streams to a transport stream based on the principle of virtual buffer controlling strategy. The transport stream (TS) which uses this method passes the test of software unzipping and set-top-box (STB) playing, and all of the analyzing parameters which are detected by code analyzer accord with the standard of MPEG-2. Some problems that playing time becomes longer and multiple TS streaming can not be fit for all the players are also analyzed.

Three female infants, aged 13, 7 and 18 mo respectively with acquired ileal atresia induced by adhesive small bowel obstruction are reported. Case 1 was diagnosed with urachal cyst and cyst excision was performed when she was 7-mo-old. Case 2 was diagnosed with mesenteric cyst and cyst excision was performed by laparoscopic-assisted procedure when she was 3-mo-old. Case 3 had no history of abdominal operation previously. At laparotomy ileal atresia induced by adhesive band was found.

Cochlear implant devices have been developed over the years. The purpose of the present work is to develop flexible product with high reliability and reasonable price. In this paper, the principle of cochlear implant and speech processor was first introduce. And then describe the Electronic design of the six-channel speech processor for cochlear implant particular. The components of the speech processor were enumerate as the type of chip which have been chosen. The speech coding based on DSP is the most important step in the speech processor for cochlear implant. Caused different processing strategy has different effect in different patient. In this paper, ATF coding has been realized. Finally, the result of the six-channel speech processor for cochlear implant had been discussed.

Cochlear implant is a sort of equipment which is used to restore normal hearing to the profoundly deaf by electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve. And it is an imitation of normal hearing function. However ,the speech signal coding methods used in the cochlear implant at present consider only about the conversion from speech signal to electrical signal, without the function of human cochlear's temporal encoding pattern. So the effect of the cochlear implant is not very perfect. This paper combined the mechanism of hearing physiology, presented a new solution which generated stimulating pulsatile series by a "Amplitude-Time-Frequency" method. The coding method is converting the speech signal's amplitude into stimulating pulsatile series's amplitude^ time and frequency. We named it as "ATF coding method". ATF coding method can solve the problem that stimulating pulsatile series's dynamic configuration used in the auditory neural center. ATF can keep the temporal correlation and coherence of speech remained in stimulating pulsatile series.

A tandem solar cell, composed of a MEH-PPV:PCBM bulk heterojunction front sub-cell and a CuPc/PCBM small molecule back sub-cell, is fabricated by spin-coating and vacuum evaporating methods. Measurement results show that an optimal tandem solar cell with 50 nm MEH-PPV:PCBM active layer thickness and 0.5 nm Ag inter-layer thickness can be obtained with a power conversion efficiency of 1.86%

We fabricate efficient bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic (OPV) device based on poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV), with copper(Ⅱ) phthalocyanine (CuPc) used as a donor and -phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) serving as an acceptor. The power conversion efficiency of the MEH-PPV/PCBM OPV device with 15% CuPc (1.41%) increases by 12% compared with that of the standard MEH-PPV/PCBM device (1.26%). The efficiency improvement can be attributed to the CuPc supplemental absorption and higher mobility than MEH-PPV, leading to increased short-circuit current density.

A threshold condition different from the classical one is proposed for MOSFET with quantum effects, by means of self-consistent numerical solution of the Schrdinger's and Poisson's equations, and thus an accurate 1-D threshold-voltage model is obtained with good agreements between simulated results and measurement data. Based on this 1-D model, an accurate 2-D quantum-modified threshold-voltage model for small-scale MOSFET is developed by solving the quasi-2D Poisson's equation and taking short-channel effects and quantum-mechanical effects into consideration. The model can also be used for simulation of electrical properties and design of structural parameters for deep-submicron MOSFETs with high-k materials as gate dielectric.

An analytic model of direct tunneling current of small-scale MOSFETs in depletion and inversion is developed based on analytic surface-potential model and replacing the multi-subband with a single-subband. The simulated results are in good agreement with the results of self-consistent solution and experimental data, but take much shorter computing time than the self-consistent solution method. This indicates that the model can be used for analysis of gate-leakage properties of MOS devices with not only SiO2 but also high-k materials as gate dielectric and high-k gate dielectric stack structures, and circuit simulation of MOS devices.