Search

Cyclophilin A (CypA) serves as a principal receptor of Cyclosporin A (CsA) within cells, exhibiting considerable biodiversity and playing an important role in immune system. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequence (GenBank ID: MN121742) of CypA of Hyriopsis cumingii was obtained using PCR and RACE technology. The cDNA sequence spans 1237 bp, comprising a 57 bp 5' noncoding region (UTR), a 688 bp 3' noncoding region, and a 492 bp open reading frame, encoding a total of 164 amino acids. The theoretical isoelectric point of the CypA cDNA sequence is 8.9, and the relative molecular weight is 17.29 kD. A search for homologous sequences in GenBank revealed high similarities between CypA amino acid sequence of Hyriopsis cumingii and those of other shellfish species, including Hyriopsis schlegelii (99.39%), Cyclina sinensis (77.44%), Ruditapes philippinarum (78.05%), Crassostrea ariakensis (78.66%), and Solen grandis (75.05%). Utilizing SWISS-MODEL, it was predicted that CypA of Hyriopsis cumingii contains 8 p-pleated sheets and 2 a helixes, potentially forming the active central region of CypA. A multiple sequence comparative analysis was carried out by using the MEGA 5.1 Software, and a phylogenetic tree of the genetic system was constructed employing the neighbor-joining method. The analysis revealed that CypA of Hyriopsis cumingii clustered with CypA of shellfish from the same genus, particularly exhibiting a close genetic relationship with CypA of Hyriopsis schlegelii. The expressions levels of CypA in different tissues of Hyriopsis cumingii were assessed through qRT-PCR, indicating the highest expression in the gonad, followed by the liver, kidney and gill. Upon exposure to Aeromonas hydrophila, a bacterial infection, expression levels of CypA in gonad, liver, gill, and intestines exhibited an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease within the first 72h of infection. Specifically, peak expression levels were observed at 6h in gonad and gill, at 12h in liver, and at 24h in intestines. This proves that Aeromonas hydrophila infection significantly induce the expressions of CypA in Hyriopsis cumingii. Expression level of CypA in gonad reaches the peak earlier than that in liver and intestines. Moreover, the relative expression times (14.91) of CypA in gonad at peak is significantly higher than those in liver (9.89), intestines (9.78) and gill (7.53). It is speculated that CypA plays an important role in defending against bacterial infections in gonad, which may not only serve reproductive functions, but also contribute significantly to immune defense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial degradable feather meal is using the feather degrading enzymes produced by microorganisms to degrade feather keratin and turn it into a protein, which can be absorbed by livestock and poultry. Microbial fermented feather meal can significantly reduce the intestinal protease activity in livestock and poultry diets, but has no significant effect on animal performance, and can reduce the feeding cost. The paper reviews the nutritional value and microbial degradation mechanism of feather waste and its application effect in livestock and poultry production, to provide a reference for the application of feather waste in livestock and poultry production practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective·To analyze the clinical features of the patients with 45, X/46, XY mosaicism, and improve the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods·The clinical manifestations, the level of sex hormones, and the gonads pathology of the patients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism diagnosed by G-banding karyotype analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were retrospectively analyzed, who were admitted in Children's Hospital of Soochow University from January 2014 to December 2020. Results·Twenty-three patients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism were included, among whom 11 cases were the female phenotype, and 12 cases were the male phenotype. In these patients, 12 patients were diagnosed by Gbanding karyotype analysis, 10 patients were diagnosed by FISH, and only 1 patient was diagnosed by array-based comparative genomic hybridization. The age of the first diagnosis was 0.3-14.9 years. The mean age of the patients with the female phenotype was (9.3±3.9) years, which was bigger than that of the male phenotype [(4.4±3.7) years, P<0.05]. All the patients above 1 year old had different degrees of short stature, especially in the female phenotype patients. In the female phenotype patients, three patients had clitoromegaly, while the other patients had no masculine appearance of external genitalia. The external masculinisation scores (EMS) of the patients with the female phenotype were 0-2.5. Twelve patients with the male phenotype were in pre-adolescent state, among whom 4 patients had hypospadias combined with cryptorchidism, 3 patients had hypospadias, 3 patients had small testicles, and 2 patients had normal external genitalia. The EMS of them ranged from 4 to 12, with a mean score of 10.5. All the patients with the female phenotype had hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, while most of the patients with the male phenotype had gonadotropin levels matched with their age. There were 3 patients with the female phenotype having gonadoblastomas. Conclusion·The 45,X/46,XY mosaicism patients present a wide spectrum of manifestations. The risk of gonadal malignancy onset should be emphasized. EMS has guiding significance for clinical evaluation of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]