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Nanomaterials (NMs) have extensive application potential in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and various other domains, attributable to their exceptional physical and chemical properties. Nevertheless, an increasing body of literature underscores the diverse safety risks are associated with NMs upon interaction with the human body, including oxidative stress and programmed cell death. Mitochondria, serving as cellular energy factories, play a pivotal role in energy metabolism and the regulation of cell fate. Organs with substantial energy demands, including the heart and brain, are highly sensitive to mitochondrial integrity, with mitochondrial impairment potentially resulting in significant dysfunction and pathologies such as as heart failure and neurodegenerative disease. This review elucidates the pathways by which NMs translocate into mitochondria, their intracellular dynamics, and their impact on mitochondrial morphology, respiratory chain activity, and metabolic processes. We further investigate associated molecular mechanisms, including mitochondrial dynamic imbalance, calcium overload, and oxidative stress, and elucidate the pivotal roles of mitochondria in different forms of programmed cell death such as apoptosis and autophagy. Finally, we offer recommendations regarding the safety and efficacy of NMs for medical applications. By systematically analyzing the interactions and molecular mechanisms between NMs and mitochondria, this paper aims to enhance the toxicological evaluation framework of NMs and provide a foundational reference and theoretical basis for their clinical utilization.

Objective: This study aimed to reduce the setting time of yogurt, improve the texture of yogurt and evaluate the effect of pea peptides on the quality of coagulated yogurt. Methods: Different amounts（0, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00%, 1.25%, 1.50%）of pea peptides were added into milk powder to prepare pea peptide yogurt, and then the setting time, titer acidity, and texture properties of the yogurt were investigated. Results: The results showed that when the amount of pea peptides added was less than or equal to 1.25%, the yogurt setting time could be significantly shortened. When the amount of pea peptide added was 1%, the effect was significant by shortening the coagulation time for 32 min. The addition of pea peptides significantly increased the acidity of yogurt. When the addition amount of pea peptides was less than 1%, the springiness and chewiness of the yogurt were significantly reduced, and the gumminess, cohesiveness, and resilience were significantly increased, which improved the textural properties of the yogurt. Conclusion: The addition of pea peptides to the yogurt fermentation substrate can shorten the fermentation period and enhance the quality of the final product.

In contrast to the waning interest in learning languages other than English (LOTEs) worldwide, mainland China is pursuing to diversify LOTE education because of the 'Belt and Road Initiative.' In response to language policy shifts, individual stakeholders in local contexts such as universities have to take actions to initiate LOTE programs or courses. However, there is still a paucity of research through an "in situ" lens into meso-level language policy planning (LPP) and implementation. To address this research gap, this study aims to obtain an in-depth understanding of the agentive actions of two groups of individual stakeholders at institutional level: people with power, and people with expertise. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with seven individual actors, the findings reveal that first, although these individual actors demonstrated agency in responding to macro-level language policy changes, the agency that they actually exercised was relatively limited in terms of the diversification of LOTE education. Second, by examining contextual and personal features, we identified multiple factors that mediate individual actors' agency in implementing top-down language policy. These findings may help orient language policy makers to create supportive contexts for the exercise of individual agency at local context in LPP and implementation.

Background: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are commonly used in neonatal intensive care units for extended intravenous nutrition and therapy. The selection of PICCs insertion sites can significantly influence insertion outcomes and neonatal safety. Aim: This study aimed to determine the most suitable insertion site in the lower extremities for neonatal PICCs. Study Design: A retrospective case note review was conducted on PICCs inserted through lower extremity (LE) sites in a 40‐bed tertiary‐level neonatal intensive care unit at a university teaching hospital. The dates when data were accessed for research purposes were from June 2019 to June 2022. In total, 223 neonates were identified as having had PICCs, with 254 catheters inserted in the lower extremities. The STROBE checklist guided the reporting of this study. Results: Neonates underwent PICC insertion via the LE vein, with an overall complication rate of 13.4% and a one‐attempt success rate of puncture of 86.2%. The rates of complications, catheter occlusion, and catheter‐related infection in the PICC group with insertion through the great saphenous vein were significantly lower than those in the femoral vein group (p <.05). The success rate was significantly higher than that in the femoral vein group (p <.05). Additionally, the incidence of total complications and catheter occlusion complications with PICC insertion via the right LE was significantly lower than that with insertion via the left LE (p <.05). Conclusion: Our study suggested that, when feasible, the saphenous vein in the right LE could be the most suitable insertion site for neonatal PICCs. Relevance to Clinical Practice: These findings provide insights into the complications, indwelling time, and safety of neonatal PICCs in different LE sites, serving as a valuable reference for clinical practice. This study was retrospective in nature, and all staff involved obtained approved access to patient clinical data. Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (registry number 2022010001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Despite the increasing use of technology-driven multimodal pedagogies in second-language writing education, there is a dearth of studies investigating the value and design of multimodal text feedback. Based on Chong's (Chong, S. W. 2019. "College Students' Perception of e-Feedback: A Grounded Theory Perspective." Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 44 (7): 1090–1105. ) tripartite conceptualization of written feedback, this article examines the effectiveness of the multimodal text feedback approach by exploring its influence on the technical, socio-emotional, and personal aspects of feedback. Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted in a second-tier university in southeastern China. The researchers collected 57 participants' responses to a questionnaire survey regarding the effectiveness of multimodal text feedback and then conducted semi-structured interviews with 17 participants. Findings: Qualitative and quantitative analysis confirms multiple positive impacts of multimodal text feedback, such as improving technical features of students' writing and enhancing teacher-student relationships. Originality/value: The findings not only inform language-writing instructors with regard to the process-based design of multimodal text feedback but also lead to the proposal of a comprehensive conceptual framework for evaluating the interplay between different aspects of feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic stress is a common cause of hair loss, involving inflammatory responses and changes in cellular signaling pathways. This study explores the mechanism of action of the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling axis in chronic stress-induced hair loss. The research indicates that SDF-1 promotes hair follicle growth through the PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Transcriptome sequencing analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes in the skin of normal and stressed mice, with key genes SDF-1/CXCR4 selected through machine learning and a protein-protein interaction network established. A chronic stress mouse model was created, with injections of SDF-1 and AMD3100 administered to observe hair growth, weight changes, and behavioral alterations and validate hair follicle activity. Skin SDF-1 concentrations were measured, differentially expressed genes were screened, and pathways were enriched. Activation of the PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT signaling pathways was assessed, and siRNA technology was used in vitro to inhibit the expression of SDF-1 or CXCR4. SDF-1 promoted hair follicle activity, with the combined injection of SDF-1 and AMD3100 weakening this effect. The activation of the PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT signaling pathways was observed in the SDF-1 injection group, confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Silencing SDF-1 through siRNA-mediated inhibition reduced cell proliferation and migration abilities. SDF-1 promotes hair growth in chronic stress mice by activating the PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT pathways, an effect reversible by AMD3100. The SDF-1/CXCR4 axis may serve as a potential therapeutic target for stress-induced hair loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the backdrop of the Belt and Road Initiative, the study reports on the ideological construction of multilingualism in higher education in mainland China. Through a new methodological approach combining intertextual discourse analysis and thematic analysis, this paper concentrates on the interplay of ideologies towards multilingualism between the macro-(national/provincial) and meso-(institutional) levels. We examine 22 political texts issued by agents of different levels, and sixteen paratexts containing language issues discussed by educational administrators and language education experts. The analysis of the texts reveals that there is a gap between the two levels in terms of the variety and connotation of terms related to foreign languages. The analysis of the paratexts identifies three categories of recurring values of languages and four categories of benefits from foreign language (education), among which the pragmatic value of foreign languages for national development is the most significant. Moreover, institutional agents mentioned the instrumental value of languages for personal development and their global cultural value. The multiple perspectives on multilingual education in the Chinese context demonstrate the complexities of the ideological construction of multilingualism in this early phase of diversifying multilingual higher education, which generate important implications for policy makers in China and other countries.

Language teachers' motivation and self is essential to their long-term commitment and professional development. Drawing on Language Teacher Self theory, the study reports on the professional experiences of seven teachers teaching languages other than English (LOTEs) in a Chinese university with shifting teacher appraisal policy. The findings revealed that majority of the participants were motivated to join the profession to pursue an academic career. They primarily built their teacher ought-to self on students' expectations and were able to reduce the self-discrepancy through self-regulatory efforts. Comparatively, they had more challenges to realise their researcher ought-to self derived from the research policy that privileges English publications. In response, they made strategic efforts to connect with English research through cross-linguistic collaboration and learn to write English by positioning themselves as international scholars. The findings highlight the motivating impact of ought-to self on language teachers' professional development. Implications are discussed on how to facilitate the professional development of LOTEs teachers in higher education.

Background Objectives Design Methods Results Conclusions Relevance to Clinical Practice Catheter‐related thrombosis is a common complication of the peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in neonates, leading to unintended tube removal and significantly affecting neonatal health and safety. Despite widespread reporting on the estimated occurrence and factors contributing to neonatal PICC‐related thrombosis, these findings have not been synthesized.The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors of neonatal PICC‐related thrombosis.Systematic literature review and meta‐analysis.Two independent researchers systematically explored multiple databases—such as PubMed, Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library—from their inception until October 2023. Our study aggregates and scrutinizes studies specifically addressing the incidence and risk factors of neonatal PICC‐related thrombosis. Employing the RevMan 5.3 software, a meta‐analysis was executed to determine the incidence of both thrombosis and odds ratios (OR), accompanied by their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the risk factors.A total of 327 articles were screened, and data from 24 studies were used in synthesis. Neonatal PICC‐related thrombosis incidence varied from 0.23% to 17.91%. The pooled incidence was 2% (95% CI: 1%–2%; I2 = 94%; p < .0001). The study identified 12 risk factors, including insertion sites in the lower extremities (OR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.09–0.56; p = .001), gestational age <28 weeks, abdominal pathology, fresh frozen plasma by day 5 > 50 mL/kg, PICC tip location (proximal placement), two lumens, three lumens, prolonged hospital stay, infection, mothers' use of anticoagulants, patients with cardiac insufficiency and being twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome donor.The analysis indicates an overall pooled incidence of neonatal PICC‐related thrombosis of 2%. Twelve factors were identified as risks associated with neonatal PICC‐related thrombosis. Understanding the risk factors can provide evidence‐based recommendations for improving awareness, control and treatment and better nursing management.This systematic review and meta‐analysis illuminates the incidence and risk factors linked to neonatal PICC‐related thrombosis, delivering essential insights pivotal for clinical decision‐making and enhancing patient care within neonatal health care settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]