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Background and Aim: Cohort studies have linked metabolic syndrome (MetS) to gastrointestinal (GI) cancer risk. We aimed to evaluate the associations between MetS, its components, and combinations of MetS components with eight GI cancers risk. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of prospective cohort studies and performed a meta‐analysis. Subgroup analyses regarding diagnostic criteria, sex, cancer sites, histological subtypes, ethnic groups, and studies adjusted for alcohol consumption were carried out. Mendelian randomization (MR) was employed to evaluate the causality between 17 MetS‐related traits and eight GI cancers among Europeans and Asians separately. Results: Meta‐analyses of 31 prospective studies indicated that MetS was significantly associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) (RR [95% CI] = 1.13 [1.12–1.15]), esophageal cancer (EC) (RR [95% CI] = 1.17 [1.03–1.32]), gallbladder cancer (GBC) (RR [95% CI] = 1.37[1.10–1.71]), liver cancer (LC) (RR [95% CI] = 1.46 [1.29–1.64]), and pancreatic cancer (PaC) (RR [95% CI] = 1.25 [1.20–1.30]), but not gastric cancer (GC) (RR [95% CI] = 1.11 [0.96–1.28]). Regarding the associations between MetS components and GI cancers risk, the following associations showed statistical significance: obesity‐CRC/LC/EC/, hypertriglyceridemia‐LC/PaC, reduced high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐CRC/LC/GC/PaC, hyperglycemia‐CRC/LC/PaC, and hypertension‐CRC/LC/EC/PaC. Sex‐specific associations were observed between individual MetS components on GI cancers risk. Among the top three common combinations in both sexes, obesity + HTN + hyperglycemia had the strongest association with CRC risk (RR [95% CI] = 1.54 [1.49–1.61] for males and 1.27 [1.21–1.33] for females). MR analyses revealed causality in 16 exposure–outcome pairs: waist‐to‐hip ratio/BMI/HbA1c‐CRC; BMI/childhood obesity/waist circumference/T2DM/glucose‐EC; BMI/waist circumference/cholesterol‐LC; cholesterol/childhood obesity/waist circumference/HbA1c‐PaC; and HbA1c‐GBC. These results were robust against sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Since MetS is reversible, lifestyle changes or medical interventions targeting MetS patients might be potential prevention strategies for GI cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is complex in composition and contains large amounts of heavy metals. To investigate the effects of different passivating agents on Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni and Zn in different types of fly ash, 7 reagents were selected as passivating agents, including 3 inorganic reagents (Na 2 S, Na 3 PO 4 , NaH 2 PO 4) and 4 organic reagents (SDD, DDTC, TMT, thiourea). The results showed that at low addition levels, sulfur-containing organic chemicals and phosphates were more effective in chelating these metals in both grate furnace incineration fly ash (GF FA) and circulating fluidised bed incineration fly ash (CFB FA), while Na 2 S was more effective in chelating heavy metals in CFB FA. In addition, agents containing -N-C S groups showed better chelation of heavy metals in GF FA, while heavy metals in CFB FA were more affinity to agents containing -SH groups. The ternary compound TMT-NaH 2 PO 4 -SDD (m 1 :m 2 :m 3 = 2:3:1) was an excellent chelating agent for Pb, Cd in the GF FA, and TMT-Na 2 S-thiourea (m 1 :m 2 :m 3 = 2:1:3) was a suitable chelating agent for these metals in CFB FA. The chelation rate of Cd and Pb after the treatments mixed ternary reagents was above 99%, and the leaching amount was much lower than the limit value of pollution control standards for domestic landfills. Moreover, under different pH leaching conditions, the leaching concentrations of Cd and Pb in the fly ashes treated with the ternary mixture were lower than the standard limits. In general, the ternary compound can effectively chelate heavy metals in fly ash, which provides a reference for selecting a suitable stabilizer combination for heavy metal in fly ash. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comorbidities between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and various neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders have been widely reported. However, the genetic correlations, causal relationships, and underlying mechanisms linking GERD to these disorders remain largely unknown. Here, we conducted a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to determine the causality between GERD and 6 neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Sensitivity analyses and multivariable MR were performed to test the robustness of our findings. Linkage disequilibrium score regression was used to assess the genetic correlation between these diseases as affected by heredity. Multiple bioinformatics tools combining two machine learning algorithms were applied to further investigate the potential mechanisms underlying these diseases. We found that genetically predicted GERD significantly increased the risk of Alzheimer's disease, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders. There might be a bidirectional relationship between GERD and insomnia. GERD has varying degrees of genetic correlations with AD, ALS, anxiety disorders, insomnia, and depressive disorder. Bioinformatics analyses revealed the hub shared genes and the common pathways between GERD and 6 neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Our findings demonstrated the complex nature of the genetic architecture across these diseases and clarified their causality, highlighting that treatments for the cure or remission of GERD may serve as potential strategies for preventing and managing neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combined pollution in tannery sludge landfill has become increasingly serious. Accurate identification of the contribution of coexisting substances to Cr migration in tannery sludge sites was essential for the selection of remediation methods for tannery contaminated sites. However, the effect of the coexisting substances on their contribution to Cr migration remained unclear. In this study, the analytical method of panel data and soil column experiments were combined for the first time to quantify the extent to which different contaminants contribute to Cr migration, and further identify the dominant microbial species. Results showed that NH 3 –N inhibited the migration of Cr(VI), while NO 3 ––N and fatliquor agent promoted the migration of Cr(VI). The panel data analysis showed that the order of the contribution rate of the factors affecting the Cr(VI) migration was Cr(VI) concentration, coexisting substances, and environment factors. In addition, Veronii was the dominant popular in fatliquors-contaminated soils. The relative abundance of Veronii increased from 6.31% to 30.48% in the fatliquors treatment group, while it decreased to 21.65% in the fatliquors and Cr treatment group. This study provided a quantitative method to the contribution rate of various factors to Cr migration under rainfall, taken into account the response of the microbial community in each experimental group, and provided theoretical support for the selection of remediation methods in soil and groundwater for tannery sites. [Display omitted] • Panel data combined with soil column study to quantify the effect on Cr transport. • Coexisting substances influenced greater than environmental factors on Cr migration. • Denitrification significantly affected the migration of Cr(VI) in soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C43H31Cl2N5O5S2Zn, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a= 16.9304(8) Å, b=8.9706(5) Å, c=27.6764(14) Å, β=96.701(1)°, V =4174.7(4) Å3, Z =4, Rgt(F)=0.0350, wRref(F2)=0.094, T =296 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]