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Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and neuroinflammation have recently emerged as promising therapeutic directions for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we synthesised 19 novel pyranone-carbamate derivatives and evaluated their activities against cholinesterases and neuroinflammation. The optimal compound 7p exhibited balanced BuChE inhibitory activity (eqBuChE IC50 = 4.68 nM; huBuChE IC50 = 9.12 nM) and anti-neuroinflammatory activity (NO inhibition = 28.82% at 10 μM, comparable to hydrocortisone). Enzyme kinetic and docking studies confirmed compound 7p was a mix-type BuChE inhibitor. Additionally, compound 7p displayed favourable drug-likeness properties in silico prediction, and exhibited high BBB permeability in the PAMPA-BBB assay. Compound 7p had good safety in vivo as verified by an acute toxicity assay (LD50 > 1000 mg/kg). Most importantly, compound 7p effectively mitigated cognitive and memory impairments in the scopolamine-induced mouse model, showing comparable effects to Rivastigmine. Therefore, we envisioned that compound 7p could serve as a promising lead compound for treating AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oncidium hybridum is one of the important cut-flowers in the world. However, the lack of aroma in its cut-flower varieties greatly limits the sustainable development of the Oncidium hybridum cut-flowers industry. This paper is an integral investigation of the diel pattern and influencing factors of the aroma release of Oncidium Twinkle 'Red Fantasy'. GC-MS analysis revealed that the release of 3-Carene peaked at 10:00, while Butyl tiglate and Prenyl senecioate did so at 14:00, with a diel rhythm. By analyzing the correlation network between aroma component synthesis and differentially expressed genes, 15 key structural genes were detected and regulated by multiple circadian rhythm-related transcription factors. Cluster-17371.18_TPS, Cluster-65495.1_TPS, Cluster-46699.0_TPS, Cluster-60935.10_DXS, Cluster-47205.4_IDI, and Cluster-65313.7_LOX were key genes in the terpenoid and fatty acid derivative biosynthetic pathway, which were co-expressed with aroma release. Constant light/dark treatments revealed that the diurnal release of 3-Carene may be influenced by light and the circadian clock, and Butyl tiglate and Prenyl senecioate may be mainly determined by endogenous circadian clock. Under constant light treatment, the TPS, DXS, IDI, and LOX genes seem to lose their regulatory role in the release of aroma compounds from Oncidium Twinkle 'Red Fantasy'. Under constant dark treatment, the TPS genes were consistent with the release pattern of 3-Carene, which may be a key factor in regulating the diel rhythm of 3-Carene biosynthesis. These results laid a theoretical foundation for the study of floral transcriptional regulation and genetic engineering technology breeding of Oncidium hybridum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In CPU microarchitecture, caches store frequently accessed instructions and data by exploiting their locality, reducing memory access latency and improving application performance. However, contemporary applications with large code footprints often experience frequent Icache misses, which significantly degrade performance. Although Fetch-Directed Instruction Prefetching (FDIP) has been widely adopted in commercial processors to reduce Icache misses, our analysis reveals that FDIP still suffers from Icache misses caused by branch mispredictions and late prefetch, leaving considerable opportunity for performance optimization. Priority-Directed Instruction Prefetching (PDIP) has been proposed to reduce Icache misses caused by branch mispredictions in FDIP. However, it neglects Icache misses due to late prefetch and suffers from high storage overhead. In this paper, we proposed a branch-triggered instruction prefetcher (BTIP), which aims to prefetch Icache lines that FDIP cannot efficiently handle, including the Icache misses due to branch misprediction and late prefetch. We also introduce a novel Branch Target Buffer (BTB) organization, BTIP BTB, which stores prefetch metadata and reuses information from existing BTB entries, effectively reducing storage overhead. We implemented BTIP on the Champsim simulator and evaluated BTIP in detail using traces from the 1st Instruction Prefetching Championship (IPC-1). Our evaluation shows that BTIP outperforms both FDIP and PDIP. Specifically, BTIP reduces Icache misses by 38.0% and improves performance by 5.1% compared to FDIP. Additionally, BTIP outperforms PDIP by 1.6% while using only 41.9% of the storage space required by PDIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT To obtain the characteristic factors or signatures of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to help identify the sources of particulate PAHs in the atmosphere, different carbonaceous aerosols were generated [...]

A new mesh-stitched enhanced rock wool composite thermal insulation board was synthesized by the way of basalt fiber twist yarn and netting covered rock wool board. The weather resistance, freeze-thaw resistance, and impact resistance of the externally-insulated external wall insulation system with mesh-reinforced rock wool board were studied. The results show that, mesh-stitched enhanced rock wool composite thermal insulation board can greatly improve its tensile strength index perpendicular to the plane direction, and has good moisture permeability, compared with the ordinary rock wool board of the same density grade. It can save the amount of anchor bolts by using the fixed method of bonding as the main method and anchoring as the supplement to the basement wall. When applied to the thin plastering exterior wall thermal insulation system, it has good weatherability, freeze-thaw resistance and impact resistance and provides a feasibility exploration for the use of rock wool technology in the exterior wall thermal insulation project at present stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]