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Wearable haptics serve as an enhanced media to connect humans and VR/robots. The inevitable sweating issue in all wearables creates a bottleneck for wearable haptics, as the sweat/moisture accumulated in the skin/device interface can substantially affect feedback accuracy, comfortability, and create hygienic problems. Nowadays, wearable haptics typically gain performance at the cost of sacrificing the breathability, comfort, and biocompatibility. Here, we developed a fully integrated breathable haptic textile (FIBHT) to solve these trade-off issues, where the FIBHT exhibits high-level integration of 128 pixels over the palm, great stretchability of 400%, and superior permeability of over 657 g/m2/day (moisture) and 40 mm/s (air). It is a stand-alone haptic system totally composed of stretchable, breathable, and bioadhesive materials, which empowers it with precise, sweating/movement-insensitive and dynamic feedback, and makes FIBHT powerful for virtual touching in broad scenarios.

Methane is a major contributor to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Identifying large sources of methane, particularly from the oil and gas sectors, will be essential for mitigating climate change. Aircraft-based methane sensing platforms can rapidly detect and quantify methane point-source emissions across large geographic regions, and play an increasingly important role in industrial methane management and greenhouse gas inventory. We independently evaluate the performance of five major methane-sensing aircraft platforms: Carbon Mapper, GHGSat-AV, Insight M, MethaneAIR, and Scientific Aviation. Over a 6 week period, we released metered gas for over 700 single-blind measurements across all five platforms to evaluate their ability to detect and quantify emissions that range from 1 to over 1,500 kg(CH4)/h. Aircraft consistently quantified releases above 10 kg(CH4)/h, and GHGSat-AV and Insight M detected emissions below 5 kg(CH4)/h. Fully blinded quantification estimates for platforms using downward-facing imaging spectrometers have parity slopes ranging from 0.76 to 1.13, with R2 values of 0.61 to 0.93; the platform using continuous air sampling has a parity slope of 0.5 (R2 = 0.93). Results demonstrate that aircraft-based methane sensing has matured since previous studies and is ready for an increasingly important role in environmental policy and regulation.

Abstract. Satellite-based remote sensing enables detection and mitigation of large point sources of climate-warming methane. These satellites will have the greatest impact if stakeholders have a clear-eyed assessment of their capabilities. We performed a single-blind test of nine methane-sensing satellites from three continents and five countries, including both commercial and government satellites. Over 2 months, we conducted 82 controlled methane releases during satellite overpasses. Six teams analyzed the resulting data, producing 134 estimates of methane emissions. Of these, 80 (58 %) were correctly identified, with 46 true positive detections (34 %) and 34 true negative non-detections (25 %). There were 41 false negatives, in which teams missed a true emission, and 0 false positives, in which teams incorrectly claimed methane was present. All eight satellites that were given a nonzero emission detected methane at least once, including the first single-blind evaluation of the EnMAP, Gaofen 5, and Ziyuan 1 systems. In percent terms, quantification error across all satellites and teams is similar to aircraft-based methane remote sensing systems, with 55 % of mean estimates falling within ±50 % of the metered value. Although teams correctly detected emissions as low as 0.03 metric tons of methane per hour, it is unclear whether detection performance in this test is representative of real-world field performance. Full retrieval fields submitted by all teams suggest that in some cases it may be difficult to distinguish true emissions from background artifacts without a known source location. Cloud interference is significant and appears to vary across teams and satellites. This work confirms the basic efficacy of the tested satellite systems in detecting and quantifying methane, providing additional insight into detection limits and informing experimental design for future satellite-focused controlled methane release testing campaigns.

Accumulative behavioural and electrophysiological evidence has demonstrated the effects of sentence context on word processing. However, there is insufficient research investigating both global and local effects during processing. A Chinese classifier can select or exclude some nouns, and it is obligatorily used with numerals or demonstratives (e.g., “this” and “that”) to specify the quantity of an object or identify particular objects. There is no study that manipulated the congruency of Chinese classifiers to look at this local effect on processing the head nouns. In this study, we employed the EEG technique to investigate the prenominal prediction effect and, more importantly, to look at whether an incongruent classifier is strong enough to disconfirm a prediction generated by a highly constraining sentence. Highly constraining sentences were built and tested through a probability pre-test, and the probabilities of congruent head nouns of the sentences are all above 50%. We manipulated the congruency between global sentence context and head nouns, as well as the congruency between classifiers and head nouns in those highly constraining Chinese sentences using a two-by-two factorial design. The results revealed that the semantic and grammatical features of highly predicted nouns can be pre-activated prior to the bottom-up input of the head nouns. This effect is already visible at the classifier position as the N400 amplitude of an incongruent classifier is larger than that of a congruent classifier. In addition, both global sentence context and local classifier-noun congruency significantly influence head noun processing to the extent that neither factor exhibits overwhelming strength over the other, as indicated by the N400 amplitudes of the head nouns. Furthermore, both global and local information can be integrated during early lexical processing.

To achieve better mechanical properties and higher scour resistance of yellow mud in Qiang Village, this study investigated how to improve yellow mud by single factors of straw, starch, cement, and epoxy resin. First, the effect of each material on the shear strength of yellow mud was analyzed through the direct shear test, and the effect of the respective material on the scour resistance of yellow mud was examined using a self-made spray device. Subsequently, combined with the results of the two experiments, the improvement effect of the material was comprehensively studied, and the optimal dosage of the respective material was determined. Lastly, an electron microscope was used to observe the microscopic morphology of the samples, and the improvement mechanism of each material was discussed from qualitative and quantitative perspectives. As revealed by the results, straw, starch, cement, and epoxy resin improved the shear strength and scour resistance of yellow mud. Peaks of straw, starch, and epoxy resin were found in their corresponding properties-dosage curves, corresponding to the optimal dosage in the experimental range. The corresponding performance curve of cement showed a unidirectional change, which was found with a significant improvement effect.

为了获得红瓜子仁水酶法提油的最佳工艺条件，了解红瓜子仁油贮藏过程中挥发性成分的变化，以红瓜子仁油提取率为指标，采用单因素试验和正交试验对红瓜子仁油的水酶法提取工艺条件进行优化，并采用HS-GC-IMS技术对贮藏0 d和1年(4 ℃冰箱中存放)的红瓜子仁油的挥发性成分进行分析。结果表明：水酶法提取红瓜子仁油最佳工艺条件为料液比1∶ 5、碱性蛋白酶添加量5%、酶解温度50 ℃、酶解时间3 h、pH 10，在此条件下红瓜子仁油提取率为75.68%；红瓜子仁油中主要的挥发性成分有25种，不同贮藏时间下红瓜子仁油中挥发性成分的含量存在差异，其中3-甲基-1-丁醇和3-羟基-2-丁酮可初步确定为新鲜红瓜子仁油挥发性成分的标志物。研究结果说明水酶法提取红瓜子仁油可以获得较高的油脂提取率，贮藏时间影响红瓜子仁油中挥发性成分的组成及含量。 In order to obtain the optimal process conditions of extracting oil from red melon seeds with aqueous enzymatic method and understand the changes of volatile components of the red melon seed kernel oil during storage, with the extraction rate as the index, the extraction process conditions of red melon seed kernel oil were optimized by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, and the volatile components of red melon seed kernel oil stored for 0 d and 1 year (stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃) were analyzed by HS-GC-IMS. The results showed that the optimal process conditions for aqueous enzymatic extraction of red melon seed kernel oil were obtained as follows: solid-liquid ratio 1∶ 5, enzyme dosage of alkali protease 5%, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 50 ℃, enzymatic hydrolysis time 3 h, and pH 10. Under the optimal conditions, the extraction rate of red melon seed kernel oil was 75.68%. There were 25 main volatile components in the red melon seed kernel oil, and there were differences in the content of volatile components in red melon seed kernel oil under different storage time, among which 3-methyl-1-butanol and 3-hydroxyl-2-butanone could be preliminarily identified as a marker of volatile components in fresh red melon seed kernel oil. In conclusion, the aqueous enzymatic extraction of red melon seed kernel oil can obtain higher oil extraction rate, and the storage time affects the composition and content of volatile components in red melon seed kernel oil.

Objective: Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-4/6 inhibitors have significantly improved outcomes in several cancers but can also induce various organ system toxicities, including musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize the musculoskeletal adverse events (MSAEs) associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors based on real-world data. Methods: Reports of MSAEs linked to CDK4/6 inhibitors from the first quarter (Q1) of 2015 and 2023 Q4 were extracted from the FAERS. Descriptive analyses evaluated report frequencies over time and patient characteristics. Disproportionality analyses using reporting odds ratios (RORs) identified signals for specific musculoskeletal preferred terms (PTs). Time-to-onset analyses examined the temporal patterns of MSAEs. Results: A total of 10,095 MSAE reports associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors were identified, most involving Palbociclib (n = 7819). The median age of patients was 64 years (IQR: 55–72), predominantly female (97.73%). Most reports were submitted by consumers (47.62%) and the majority of reports were from the United States (71.53%). Disproportionality analyses revealed distinct signals, with Ribociclib showing prominent signals for bone pain and bone lesions, and Abemaciclib for osteonecrosis of the jaw and pathological fractures. Palbociclib demonstrated a consistent but less pronounced signal across musculoskeletal PTs. Time-to-onset analyses demonstrated a significantly longer onset of MSAEs for Palbociclib (median 82 days, IQR[14–311]) compared to Abemaciclib (32.5 days, IQR[12–119]) and Ribociclib (34 days, IQR[8-177]) using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test (P-value = 3.048e-11). Conclusion: Musculoskeletal toxicities is a significant adverse event that affects drug safety. Early identification and proper management of these events are crucial for patients receiving CDK4/6 inhibitors. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and improve risk mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is definitively diagnosed by systematic prostate biopsy (SBx) with 13 cores. This method, however, can increase the risk of urinary retention, infection and bleeding due to the excessive number of biopsy cores. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 622 patients who underwent SBx with prostate multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) from two centers between January 2014 to June 2022. The MRI data were collected to manually segment Regions of Interest (ROI) of the tumor layer by layer. ROI reconstructions were fused to form outline of the volume of interest (VOI), which were exported and applied to subsequent extraction of radiomics features. The t-tests, Mann-Whitney U-tests and chi-squared tests were performed to evaluate the significance of features. The logistic regression was used for calculating the PCa risk score (PCS). The PCS model was trained to optimize the SBx core number, utilizing both mpMRI radiomics and clinical features. Results: The predicted number of SBx cores was determined by PCS model. Optimal core numbers of SBx for PCS subgroups 1–5 were calculated as 13, 10, 8, 6, and 6, respectively. Accuracies of predicted core numbers were high: 100%, 95.8%, 91.7%, 90.6%, and 92.7% for PCS subgroups 1–5. Optimized SBx reduced core rate by 41.9%. Leakage rates for PCa and clinically significant PCa were 8.2% and 3.4%, respectively. The optimized SBx also demonstrated high accuracy on the validation set. Conclusion: The optimization PCS model described in this study could therefore effectively reduce the number of systematic biopsy cores obtained from patients with high PCS, especially for biopsy cores far away from suspicious lesions. This method can enhance patient experience without reducing tumor detection rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), referred to as somatic cell cloning, is a pivotal biotechnological technique utilized across various applications. Although robotic SCNT is currently available, the subsequent oocyte electrical activation/reconstructed embryo electrofusion is still manually completed by skilled operators, presenting challenges in efficient manipulation due to the uncontrollable positioning of the reconstructed embryo. This study introduces a robotic SCNT-electrofusion system to enable high-precision batch SCNT cloning. The proposed system integrates optical tweezers and microfluidic technologies. An optical tweezer is employed to facilitate somatic cells in precisely reaching the fusion site, and a specific polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chip is designed to assist in positioning and pairing oocytes and somatic cells. Enhancement in the electric field distribution between two parallel electrodes by PDMS pillars significantly reduces the required external voltage for electrofusion/electrical activation. We employed porcine oocytes and porcine fetal fibroblasts for SCNT experiments. The experimental results show that 90.56% of oocytes successfully paired with somatic cells to form reconstructed embryos, 76.43% of the reconstructed embryos successfully fused, and 70.55% of these embryos underwent cleavage. It demonstrates that the present system achieves the robotic implementation of oocyte electrical activation/reconstructed embryo electrofusion. By leveraging the advantages of batch operations using microfluidics, it proposes an innovative robotic cloning procedure that scales embryo cloning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) exhibits significant potential for environmental remediation and energy utilization. Nevertheless, the complex reaction mechanism of the AOR poses numerous challenges to its application. To overcome these challenges and realize an efficient AOR process, a thorough understanding of every elementary reaction step, especially the cleavage of N−H bonds, is crucial. This review delves into the influence of N−H bond cleavage on the rate and selectivity of AOR, and summarizes the latest advancements in promoting this crucial step. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges faced by N−H bond cleavage and provide insights into the design of efficient catalytic AOR systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 2 billion people around the world still use raw earth architecture, in countries like Nepal, India, and Iran. In China, the proportion of people living in earthen structures rose to 36%, some of them in western Sichuan. Minority dwellings in western Sichuan, China, use local stone and yellow mud as building materials and have been used for thousands of years. Because yellow mud is a brittle material with poor mechanical properties, and because the region is prone to earthquakes, the walls are highly susceptible to damage under seismic action. To improve the mechanical properties of yellow mud, the yellow mud of Taoping Qiang Village in western Sichuan was studied and modified. Uniaxial compressive tests were conducted on the modified specimens, and the existing ontogenetic equations of raw soil-based materials were analyzed and optimized. Finally, we developed the constitutive models for yellow clay and modified yellow clay in the western Sichuan area, which can be used for different kinds of modified materials through the variation of parameters. The results show that the compressive strength of yellow clay is improved by adding the modified materials. The optimized constitutive model can better fit the test curves, which can provide a basis for theoretical calculations and seismic mitigation of minority residential structures in western Sichuan or similar structural systems.

Bioelectronics is a hot research topic, yet an important tool, as it facilitates the creation of advanced medical devices that interact with biological systems to effectively diagnose, monitor and treat a broad spectrum of health conditions. Electrical stimulation (ES) is a pivotal technique in bioelectronics, offering a precise, non-pharmacological means to modulate and control biological processes across molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ levels. This method holds the potential to restore or enhance physiological functions compromised by diseases or injuries by integrating sophisticated electrical signals, device interfaces, and designs tailored to specific biological mechanisms. This review explains the mechanisms by which ES influences cellular behaviors, introduces the essential stimulation principles, discusses the performance requirements for optimal ES systems, and highlights the representative applications. From this review, we can realize the potential of ES based bioelectronics in therapy, regenerative medicine and rehabilitation engineering technologies, ranging from tissue engineering to neurological technologies, and the modulation of cardiovascular and cognitive functions. This review underscores the versatility of ES in various biomedical contexts and emphasizes the need to adapt to complex biological and clinical landscapes it addresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]