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Background Diabetes nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes patients. The prediction and validation of its risk will help identify high-risk patients in advance and take intervention measures to avoid or delay the progress of nephropathy. Objective To analyze the risk factors affecting the complication of DN in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) , construct a risk prediction model for the risk of DN in T2DM patients and validate it. Methods A total of 5 810 patients with T2DM admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2016 to June 2021 were selected as the study subjects and divided into the DN group (n=481) and non-DN group (n=5 329) according to the complication of DN. A 1∶1 case-control matching was performed on 481 of these DN patients and non-DN patients by gender and age (±2 years) , and the matched 962 T2DM patients were randomly divided into the training group (n=641) and validation group (n=321) based on a 2∶1 ratio. Basic data of patients, such as clinical characteristics, laboratory test results and other related data, were collected. LASSO regression was applied to optimize the screening variables, and a nomogram prediction model was developed using multivariate Logistic regression analysis. The discriminability, calibration and clinical validity of the prediction model were evaluated by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) , respectively. Results There were significant differences in gender, age, BMI, course of diabetes, white blood cell count, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum creatinine, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, apolipoprotein B, 24-hour urinary micro total protein, qualitative urinary protein between the DN and non-DN group (P

This study explores how blockchain technology can be applied in the area of training in organizations, the benefits it brings, and the management challenges that blockchain technology raises. By exploring the decentralized, transparent, and intelligent contract nature of blockchain technology, we analyzed the application of blockchain technology to organizational training. The results show that organizations can achieve training resource sharing, supply and demand balancing, training certification, and intelligent contract enforcement based on blockchain technology. However, it also presents potential challenges, mainly regarding engagement across sectors, support from all members, global technology rollout, staff competency, data confidentiality, and return on investment. Case and industry analysis further validates the content of our research and demonstrates the potential and challenges of blockchain technology in the field of organizational training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distribution grid network has problems such as long mileage, large scale, complex surrounding environment, and aging of equipment. It is the development trend of power distribution network operation and maintenance to use unmanned aerial vehicles to patrol and combine with image processing technology for intelligent detection of equipment status. Image segmentation is well-known technique for extracting defect regions of equipment from distribution network inspection images. Therefore, this paper proposes an efficient a novel multilevel thresholding segmentation method to improve the fault diagnosis process with an improved weighted mean of vectors optimization (IINFO) algorithm. The IINFO algorithm adopts various measures to improve the optimization results, including Gaussian mutation to increase the local search ability and range of the optimal individual, Cauchy mutation to enhance the global search ability of its vector individual, reflective learning operators to strengthen self-learning and avoid local optimal solutions, and parallel operation to improve the utilization of computational resources. Moreover, two-dimensional Kapur cross-entropy is used as an objective function to solve the multilevel thresholding problem. The proposed method is evaluated using benchmark functions and distribution network inspection image datasets and is compared with 12 other metaheuristic algorithms. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has better performance and a higher ability to find optimal solutions compared to the other algorithms. These findings suggest that our method may be useful in improving the accuracy and efficiency of distribution network inspections and have significant potential for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on the implementation of youth football policies in China following the 2015 national football reform. It asks the question 'To what extent have contextual and organisational factors facilitated and/or constrained the effective implementation of Chinese youth football policies?' Guided by a critical realist ontology, we conducted 23 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders involved in the implementation process of the youth football policy including members of the national and local football associations, schools, and professional football clubs. The findings reveal a number of policy conflicts that restricted an effective implementation of the youth football policies. The main conflict lay in the ambiguous intertwinement of two dominant policy coalitions (i.e. sport and education), which consequently led to confusion and conflicts among key implementers in the three pathways. Other factors such as the continuous mismatch of traditional values and beliefs held by actors towards youth football participation, as well as the emphasis on excellence over participation by some actors are also identified as having potentially inhibited effective implementation. This paper contributes to the debate of the positioning of youth sport in an increasingly elite-driven sporting context. It argues that policymakers, implementers, and the overall society, even if they are willing to foster a positive youth sport development, can also generate an adverse effect if they do not work together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]