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Tooth-related inflammatory disorders, including caries, pulpitis, apical periodontitis (AP), and periodontitis (PD), are primarily caused by resident oral microorganisms. Although these dental inflammatory conditions are typically not life-threatening, neglecting them can result in significant complications and greatly reduce an individual's quality of life. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a family formed by various combinations of Rel proteins, is extensively involved in inflammatory diseases and even cancer. This study reviews recent data on NF-κB signaling and its role in dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), dental pulp fibroblasts (DPFs), odontoblasts, human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs), and various experimental animal models. The findings indicate that NF-κB signaling is abnormally activated in caries, pulpitis, AP, and PD, leading to changes in related cellular differentiation. Under specific conditions, NF-κB signaling occasionally interacts with other signaling pathways, affecting inflammation, bone metabolism, and tissue regeneration processes. In summary, data collected over recent years confirm the central role of NF-κB in dental inflammatory diseases, potentially providing new insights for drug development targeting NF-κB signaling pathways in the treatment of these conditions. Keywords: NF-κB, dental caries, pulpitis, apical periodontitis, periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors convey their response to a feedback about their report on low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing knee arthroscopic surgery and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Topics mentioned include heterogeneity of surgical interventions in the ACLR subgroup, knee arthroscopy surgery with simple procedures without ligament reconstruction, and risk-benefit balance for prophylaxis with LMWH.

Abstract: Activated carbon/CoFe2O4 composite (AC/CFO) was synthesized by a simple one-step refluxing route and was used as adsorbent for the removal of malachite green (MG) dye from water. The structure, morphology and magnetic properties of as-prepared composite were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results indicated that CoFe2O4 particles deposited on the surface of activated carbon in the composite were uniform with the particle size in the range of 14–20nm. The composite adsorbents exhibited a clearly hysteretic behavior under applied magnetic field, which allowed their magnetic separation from water. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate adsorption isotherms and kinetics of MG onto the composite. The experimental data fitted well with the Langmuir model with a monolayer adsorption capacity of 89.29mgg−1. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow pseudo-second-order kinetic model. It was indicated that the as-prepared composite could be used as a promising and effective adsorbent for the removal of MG from water. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) is a signaling protein that is constitutively expressed in immune competent cells and plays a crucial role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, deformation, and immunology. Several studies have shown that high expression of PI3Kγ can inhibit the occurrence of inflammation in microglia while also regulating the polarization of microglia to inhibit inflammation and enhance microglial migration and phagocytosis. It is well known that the regulation of microglial polarization, migration, and phagocytosis is key to the treatment of most neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, in this article, we review the important regulatory role of PI3Kγ in microglia to provide a basis for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest ☒ The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Objective: To observe the efficacy of hydrogel dressings in preventing and treating vein injury of rabbits so as to provide a experimental evidence for clinical application., Methods: Twenty-four healthy large-eared Japanese rabbits (48 ears) were chosen, weighing (2.15 +/- 0.15) kg, and divided into 3 groups randomly. The vein injury models were made by intravenously infusing 20% mannite (2.5 mL/kg). The sites of puncture were treated with hydrogel dressings (group A, n=8) and 25% MgSO4 (group B, n=8) 5 minutes after infusion. The sites of puncture were not treated as a blank control (group C, n=8). The tissue specimens were collected from the auricular veins at 24 hours after mannite infusion for histological observation by HE staining. The injury of the vessel wall, hemorrhage around the vessels, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and disturbance of circulation were observed to evaluate the injury degree of vein., Results: There existed redness and congestion in the injured veins of each group. HE staining showed that in both groups A and B, the vessel wall was slightly injured and hemorrhage around the vessel was mild. There existed infiltration of inflammatory cells in the vessel wall and surrounding tissues. There also existed congestion and thrombus in the vessel lumen in these two groups. While in group C, the injury of vessel wall was severe, and schistic bleeding in the surrounding tissue of the vessel was existed. The severe congestion and thrombus in the vessel lumen was observed. There was no significant difference among three groups in the extent of vein wall injury and hemorrhage around the vessel (P > 0.05). The degree of infiltration of inflammatory cells and circulatory disturbance in both groups A and B were significantly less than that of group C (P < 0.05); but there was no significant difference between groups A and B (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Hydrogel dressing is helpful to prevent vein injury of rabbits induced by mannite.