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Capacitively coupled plasmas (CCPs) are widely used in plasma processing applications, where efficient power coupling between the radio frequency (RF) source and the plasma is crucial. In practical CCP systems, impedance matching networks (IMNs) are employed to minimize power reflection. However, the presence of coaxial cables can significantly impact plasma impedance and matching performance. We develop a comprehensive simulation framework for the IMN design of CCPs, fully considering the effects of RF coaxial cables. The model self-consistently couples a distributed transmission line (TL) model, a lumped-element circuit model, and an electrostatic particle-in-cell model. This coupled model is used to investigate the impact of coaxial cables on matching performance under various discharge conditions and cable configurations. The simulation results indicate that the optimal power transmission efficiency was achieved after 6 matching iterations. The power coupled to the CCP increased from 2.7 W before matching to 180.9 W, and the reflection coefficient ultimately decreased to 0.003. The results also reveal that neglecting the cables will lead to a decrease in the power dissipated in the CCP. The proposed method demonstrates effectiveness in achieving impedance matching for different gas pressures (75–300 mTorr) and cable lengths. It can be concluded that the matching speed is faster for an appropriate cable length. This work provides valuable insights into the role of TLs in CCP impedance matching and offers a practical tool for optimizing power delivery in realistic CCP systems with RF coaxial cables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic optical heterostructures have emerged as promising candidates for applications in organic photonics. In this study, we demonstrate a facile strategy to integrate different emission and polarization properties into the sub-blocks of luminescent organic heterostructures, by a mask-assisted vapor treatment method on the microcrystals of a pyridine-functionalized tetraphenylethylene chromophore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we show that if H is a Dedekind complete normed Riesz space with the local Egoroff property, then H is lattice isomorphic to an ideal of an AM-space if and only if for any order bounded norm null sequence in H. Based on this, several characterizations of discrete Banach lattices with order continuous norms are provided. As an application, we find the special regulator for every relative uniform convergent sequence in discrete Banach lattices with order continuous norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous expansion of the scale of renewable energy installation, the demand for energy storage has increased significantly. However, there are significant differences in the value of energy storage in different scenarios, and the phenomenon of diminishing marginal benefits of energy storage is becoming more apparent. Therefore, the multi-dimensional value evolution trend of energy storage has become a key issue. This study selects indicators from three dimensions of energy storage: low-carbon emission reduction, smoothing wind and solar power fluctuations, and saving generation costs, quantifying the economic, environmental, and technical values of energy storage. This forms a quantitative evaluation system for energy storage value. By comparing the calculated system values under different energy storage capacities, the marginal value evolution trend of energy storage is obtained. Meanwhile, considering factors such as the utilization rate of renewable energy, the change in energy storage value under different scenarios is analyzed. The results show that the value of long-duration energy storage is significantly affected by the energy storage capacity. Specifically, when the charge-discharge efficiency of long-duration energy storage reaches 0.6 or above, the system value increases significantly. Additionally, appropriately reducing the cost of energy storage capacity also helps to improve its system value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the puzzle of mismatch between China's current innovation environment construction and firms' innovation achievements, this paper uses data of Chinese A‐share listed firms and tries to explore whether rent‐seeking is a strategic choice for firms to achieve high‐quality development in the context of institutional deficiencies. This paper finds that (1) corporate rent‐seeking can significantly increase total factor productivity (TFP), a result that still holds after various robustness tests such as the instrumental variables method. The mechanism test finds that corporate rent‐seeking can significantly incentivize corporate innovation, especially high‐quality innovation. (2) Rent‐seeking has a stronger effect on TFP in high‐tech enterprises, patent‐intensive industries, and non‐overcapacity industries; institutional factors such as the reasonableness of the government‐market relationship and the degree of distortion in the factor market have a significant negative and positive moderating effect on the promotion of TFP by rent‐seeking, respectively. Further sub‐sample tests show that the TFP promotion effect of rent‐seeking in firms with stronger willingness and demand for innovation is more influenced by the institutional environment factors. The above results suggest that rent‐seeking can act as an alternative means for firms to satisfy their innovation needs in the absence of institutions, and thus increase TFP. (3) Industry‐based tests show that rent‐seeking can promote overall technological progress, but it does not have the "lubricant" effect of optimizing the allocation of resources, and rent‐seeking is always a suboptimal choice for the allocation of resources. Unlike previous studies that emphasized the negative consequences of rent‐seeking, we highlight the potential benefits of rent‐seeking in the context of China's transition economy from a total factor productivity (TFP) perspective, which enriches the research in the area of rent‐seeking and TFP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baicalin (BAN) has shown promise in alleviating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, yet its limited solubility and biocompatibility have hindered its application. Developing drug delivery systems is a promising strategy to enhance the therapeutic potential of BAN in the context of I/R injury. This study aims to prepare a BAN-loaded nanodrug system using polydopamine (PDA)-modified Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) as a carrier, with the goal of improving BAN's mitigating effects on I/R injury. We prepared the BAN nanoparticles (NPs) system, PZB NPs, using ZIF-8 as the carrier. The system was characterized in terms of morphology, particle size, zeta potential, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). We assessed the cytotoxicity of PZB NPs in H9c2 cells, investigated its effects and mechanisms in H/R-induced H9c2 cells, and evaluated its ability to alleviate myocardial I/R injury in rats. PZB NPs exhibited good dispersion, with a BAN loading efficiency of 26.43 ± 1.55%, a hydrated particle size of 102.21 ± 1.19 nm, and a zeta potential of −24.84 ± 0.07 mV. It displayed slow and sustained drug release in an acidic environment (pH 5.5). In vitro studies revealed that PZB NPs was non-cytotoxic and significantly enhanced the recovery of H/R injury H9c2 cell viability. PZB NPs suppressed cell apoptosis, activated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and cleared ROS. In vivo study demonstrated that PZB NPs significantly reduced infarct size, ameliorated fibrosis and improved heart function. The PZB NPs markedly enhances BAN's ability to alleviate I/R injury, both in vitro and in vivo, offering a promising drug delivery system for clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper establishes a fully self‐consistent coupled model of fluid and external circuits. The Kirchhoff equation, the charge conservation equation, and Poisson equation are coupled via boundary conditions and integrated into the fluid model for iterative parameter solution. On the basis of this model, we investigate the influence of impedance matching on single‐frequency capacitively coupled plasma characteristics under different parameters and topological structures. The findings suggest that after several iterations the matching parameters converge. Using different initial circuit parameters, the adjustable capacitance and inductance are eventually adjusted to approximately equal values, resulting in the same optimal matching state, whereas diverse discharge parameters led to different outcomes. Under fixed parameters for two topologies, the power absorption efficiency increases, and the reflection coefficient approaches zero, and the best matching is found. This model can be extended to different fluid programs to investigate the impact of complex external circuits with impedance matching network on plasma discharge while simultaneously seeking best impedance matching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]