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Calcareous sand is easily broken under external force, which brings great difficulties to island reef engineering. Based on the particle flow program, a discrete element model that can reproduce the results of laboratory tests is established, the large principal stress method is introduced to identify the particle force chain, and the bond strength between particles is increased to obtain an unbreakable model with the same initial conditions, and different confining pressures are compared and analyzed. The evolution law of the force chain of the following two models establishes a macro-meso cross-scale analysis in the deformation process of calcareous sand, explores the internal mechanism of the crushing of calcareous sand particles. The results show that particle breakage plays an important role in the evolution of the force chain. Particle breakage will reduce the probability of the force chain on both sides of the axis, forcing the probability of the axial force chain to rise steadily. The macroscopic deviatoric stress is the external manifestation of the probability of the axial force chain on the meso level. The faster the probability of the force chain in the direction of the potential shear band increases, the more obvious the shear band is.

Tetraphyllum Griff. ex C. B. Clarke, a newly recorded genus of Gesneriaceae from Guangxi, China is reported. Tetraphyllum has only three species. The morphological description and the distinctive features to the species of Tetraphyllum are provided, and the detailed morphological description and photos of T. confertiflorum (Drake) B. L. Burtt are provided. The voucher specimens are preserved in the Herbarium of Guangxi Institute of Botany (IBK) and Shanghai Chenshan Herbarium (CSH).

Abstract [Objective] During a survey of forest germplasm resources in the Yangjifeng National Nature Reserve in northeastern Jiangxi, China, in 2021, the authors discovered a plant belonging to the Crassulaceae family and Sedum L. genus. This species differed from previously reported plants of the same genus, and this paper discusses and determines its taxonomic status. [Methods] Multiple populations in Yangjifeng were tracked, and detailed observations and morphological comparisons were conducted at different phenological stages to distinguish commonalities and unique traits. Additionally, its national distribution was determined through literature review and specimen examination. [Results] The species had a lotus-shaped nutritive branch in the seedling stage, which was most similar to Sedum subtile Miq. Distinguishing features included well-developed and trinodal sterile branches, 5 to 16 flowers per branch on the flower stem, and spatulate-lanceolate bracts in the former, while the latter had slender sterile branches with alternate or opposite leaves, 3 to 5 flowers per branch on the flower stem, and linear bracts. [Conclusion] The study indicated that this was a new species, and was named Sedum fluviale B. Chen & Z. W. Zhu. It was specifically found in stream environments and had a broad distribution, including provinces such as Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui, Hunan, and Guizhou. There had been numerous instances of misidentifications in the past. The holotype specimen was stored at the Shanghai Chenshan Herbarium (CSH).

Tuberculosis （TB） and human immunodeficiency virus infection / acquired immune deficiency syndrome （HIV/AIDS） are both serious global public health threats. Early detection of infected persons and/or patients through TB/HIV bi-directional screening is crucial for prevention and control strategy in China and globally. In recent years， with the promotion and application of new TB and HIV detection technologies worldwide， TB/HIV bi-directional screening technologies and strategies have made remarkable changes. This expert consensus introduces the significance and challenges of TB/HIV bi-directional screening， summarizes important progress of research and applications， and makes recommendations on screening measures and procedures to further strengthen TB/HIV bi-directional screening in China.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided balloon dilation compared to non-balloon dilation for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Materials and methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Results were filtered using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria as described and meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software. Results: A total of six studies involving 1189 patients who underwent PCNL were included. The meta-analysis results demonstrated that compared to non-balloon dilation, balloon dilation was associated with reduced haemoglobin drop [mean difference (MD) = -0.26, 95% CI = -0.40 ~ -0.12, P = 0.0002], decreased transfusion rate [odds ratio (OR) = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.24 ~ 0.92, P = 0.03], shorter tract establishment time (MD = -1.30, 95% CI = -1.87 ~ -0.72, P < 0.0001) and shorter operation time (MD = -5.23, 95% CI = -10.19 ~ -0.27, P = 0.04). Conclusions: Overall, ultrasound-guided balloon dilatation offered several advantages in PCNL procedures. It facilitated faster access establishment, as evidenced by shorter access creation time. Additionally, it reduced the risk of kidney injury by minimizing postoperative haemoglobin drop and decreasing the need for transfusions. Moreover, it enhanced the efficiency of surgery by reducing the operation time. However, it is important to note that the quality of some included studies was subpar, as they did not adequately control for confounding factors that may affect the outcomes. Therefore, further research is necessary to validate and strengthen these findings.

The ocean and coastal zones are rich in resources and closely related to human survival and development. In recent years, with the rapid growth of the ocean economy, issues such as the reduction of natural coastlines and coastal wetlands, decreased biodiversity, damaged typical ecosystems, frequent coastal disasters, and declining fishery resources have become increasingly apparent. How to enhance the ocean economy from a strategic perspective, promote both development and protection, and ensure the rational use of coastal zones and marine resources is an important issue in the new era. Land and ocean are inseparable components of the ecosystem, and conducting a comprehensive assessment of the resource and environmental carrying capacity of land and sea is an effective way to measure whether regional economic development and ecological environment are coordinated and sustainable. This paper systematically reviews the development process of the carrying capacity concept, compares commonly used methods for evaluating the resource and environmental carrying capacity of marine resources, preliminarily constructs an index system for evaluating the carrying capacity of marine resources based on land-sea coordination, proposes the use of entropy method to determine index weights, and adopts a state space evaluation model or TOPSIS model for comprehensive carrying capacity evaluation. This approach can reflect the interdependence and mutual constraints between land and ocean, and has strong operability. The evaluation results can reflect the spatial differences or temporal changes in the carrying capacity of regional resources and environment, and provide effective reference for the protection and utilization of oceans and coastal zones.

To explore the best duration of moxibustion on lumbar disk herniation (LDH).

Abstract A power line carrier (PLC) communication characteristics‐based method is proposed for single‐phase‐to‐ground fault location in neutral isolated medium voltage meshed distribution networks in this paper. The carrier signals with a time‐varying frequency and constant amplitude are processed by a set of PLC transmitters and receivers, whose placement is optimized by regarding the power network as an undirected graph. Two signal encoding and decoding algorithms for the PLC terminals are proposed to avoid using expensive timing systems between the terminals. The fault location technique is implemented by comparing the cosine similarity of amplitude attenuation and phase offset between the fault and a feature library. The node corresponding to the maximum cosine similarity of the characteristics between the present fault and the library is selected as the location of the current fault. Only one set of low‐cost PLC communication terminals and the widely available power lines are needed in the fault location system, making this approach highly practical. Numerical simulations using MATLAB/Simulink have been performed to verify the technique's feasibility. The results show that the method can accurately locate faults in neutral isolated medium voltage meshed distribution networks. Besides, the presented approach achieves a high level of accuracy in estimating transition resistance values.

Objective To understand the current status of surgical treatment for hemophilia osteoarthropathy (HO) in China.Methods Using an online questionnaire, select domestic hospitals that partici-pated in the compilation of the 'Guideline for perioperative management of hemophilia patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery in China ', in addition to members of the National Joint Surgery Group, and the Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Association for targeted investigation and analysis.Results A total of 17 domestic hospitals were included, all of which were general hospitals. Hospitals that started HO surgery treatment before 2000 accounted for 35.29%. A total of 3057 surgical cases of HO were reported by those hospitals. The most commonly performed surgical procedures were hip and knee joint replacement. The most commonly used coagulation factor replacement regimen was recombinant coagulation factor preparation. Ten hospitals reported finding patients with transfusion-related infectious diseases. Bleeding and hematoma formation were the most frequently reported surgical complications. Excessive length of hospital stay and high economic costs were the most frequently reported problems.Conclusions Surgical treatment for HO in 17 hospitals is mainly carried out in some large comprehensive medical centers in the eastern region. Compared with the patient base, the popularity and number of surgeries are still relatively insufficient. It is necessary to further standardize the treatment system by standardizing factor replacement and strengthening rehabilitation to improve surgical treatment outcomes.

ObjectiveTo characterize delayed visits of elderly patients with tuberculosis aged ≥60 years in Anji County， Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2021， and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of tuberculosis in elderly population.MethodsData of elderly patients with tuberculosis in Anji County from 2010 to 2021 were collected through the Tuberculosis Management Information System of National Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the influencing factors of delayed visits.ResultsA total of 1 191 cases of elderly tuberculosis were reported in Anji County from 2010 to 2021， with an average annual incidence of 112.43/105， showing a decreasing trend （χ2trend=11.297， P=0.001）. The male-to-female ratio was 2.29∶1， the active detection rate was 0.34%， and the pathogen-positive rate was 50.63%. There were 718 cases of delayed hospital visits， with a median delay time of 19 days and a delayed visit rate of 60.29%， showing an increasing trend （χ2trend=6.651， P=0.01）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that local household registration status was a risk factor affecting the delayed visits for elderly tuberculosis patients （OR=1.944， 95%CI：1.388‒2.729）.ConclusionThe elderly patients with tuberculosis are a key population for tuberculosis prevention and control. It is necessary to strengthen early diagnosis and treatment， improve the active detection rate， reduce delayed hospital visits， so as to lower the risk of community transmission.

Amidst the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, computer vision algorithms have found extensive applications across various societal sectors. This paper presents the development of an automatic vehicle identification algorithm for crime-related scenarios, leveraging enhancements in computer vision technology. Initially, we refine the multi-scale feature fusion within the YOLOv4 architecture, subsequently substituting the standard convolution in the feature extraction network with depth-separable convolution to minimize parameter computation. Furthermore, we replace the conventional CIOU target localization loss function with EIOU to expedite model convergence. To address the issue of target vehicle detection failures, we incorporate the Kalman filter algorithm, ensuring precise tracking. Our experimental analysis, which utilizes both target detection and multi-target tracking evaluation indices, demonstrates that the modified YOLOv4 algorithm excels in recall, precision, and average IOU metrics compared to other algorithms, with a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 95.68% and an average detection speed of 0.039 seconds per image, satisfying real-time operational criteria. Vehicle tracking efficacy, compared using the YOLOv4-based detector before and after the modifications, shows significant improvements, indicated by a reduction in Identification Switches (IDS) across all video samples. This study introduces a robust method for the accurate identification and localization of vehicles involved in criminal activities, significantly enhancing case resolution efficiency.

This paper constructs a 5G network security detection system based on the functional requirements of network security detection and the P2DR process model. The structure can be broken down into three layers from the bottom to the top: acquisition layer, analysis layer, and display layer. The design focuses on writing the SVM algorithm into the software of the communication network security vulnerability monitoring system, and in order to solve the defect of the long training time of the model of this machine learning algorithm, the incremental learning vector machine model is used, which is combined into the CSV-KKT-ISVM model. Test datasets that cover system performance, effectiveness, and leakage are used to test the system after it is completed. The test data was analyzed to prove that the system’s memory usage was maintained at 46M, CPU usage was 5% to 10%, and the response time was no later than 1 s. The monitoring accuracy was 98.5% at the highest but decreased with the increase of the percentage of vulnerability data, and the accuracy dropped to 93.9% at 50%, the minimum was not lower than 90%, and the error rate was no less than 0.8%. To achieve the best outcome, the system threshold should be set to 5, and there should be no false alarms or misreporting.

To improve mine production efficiency, reduce blasting costs, and meet the needs of mine capacity expansion, the use of an on-site mixing emulsion explosives truck for open pit iron ore deep hole step blasting charging operation. This paper firstly briefly introduces the process flow of emulsion explosives production and makes a detailed introduction to the working principle and process control requirements of each section of emulsion explosives production. Based on the analysis of the basic principle of adaptive control, the adaptive PID controller is designed to control the discharge temperature and density of emulsion explosives production and to achieve self-tuning of parameters, which improves the control accuracy of production parameters and product quality. The research results show that the use of field mixing emulsion explosives, and blasting operations personnel was reduced by 40% to 50%, and the drilling workload was reduced by about 7%. The application of field mixing emulsion technology improves the blasting effect, increases shovel loading efficiency, reduces the labor intensity of workers, saves comprehensive mining costs, and reduces the cost of temporary explosives depot guarding and disposal of used packaging in mines.

This paper collects data on the static sensitization emulsification process flow of Kings-type emulsion explosives, analyzes the collected data by combining the indicator factors and probability density functions in the time-domain analysis, and designs a safety monitor for the static sensitization process flow. In order to pursue more rigorous production safety, the static sensitization process optimization objective function was determined, and the function was constrained as well as quadratically linearized to construct a static sensitization process safety optimization model based on quadratic linear programming. After analysis, it is concluded that the safety factors affecting the static sensitization process are temperature, sensitizer, number of sensitizer stages and pressure. Other conditions are the same, the foaming density can finally reach 1.23g/cm3 when low-temperature static sensitization, but the time spent is longer 14h, and the foaming density decreases from 1.41g/cm3 to 1.09g/cm3 as the amount of sensitizer increases.

Lithium niobate Mach–Zehnder modulators (MZMs) with compact footprint and fast electro-optics (EO) responses are highly demanded for the next-generation optical interconnect systems. Here, we demonstrate slow-light (SL) effect using a coupled Bragg resonator structure on the thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform, and an ultra-compact SL-MZM with length L of ∼370 μm is also constructed. The fabricated SL waveguides show a large optical passband width of ∼8 nm, an insertion loss of 2.9 dB, and a maximal optical group index of 7.50, corresponding to 3.4 times as large as that of regular TFLN rib waveguide. The fabricated SL-MZM exhibits a large EO bandwidth of >50 GHz in an operating wavelength band of ∼8 nm as well. High-speed OOK transmissions at data rates of 64 Gbit/s and 80 Gbit/s are successfully achieved. To our best knowledge, it is first time to build SL waveguides and compact SL-MZMs with large EO bandwidths of >50 GHz on the monolithic TFLN platform.

Objective This article explores the relationship between congenital tooth agenesis and related gene mutations, providing a reference for early diagnosis of the disease. Methods Clinical and radiographic examinations of a rare case of congenital tooth agenesis were conducted to evaluate the abnormal morphology and quantity of the teeth, as well as the overall health of the patient. Bidirectional sequencing of the PAX9 and MSX1 genes and whole-exome sequencing were conducted to identify potential genetic abnormalities. Sanger sequencing of the newly discovered mutation site was performed on the proband's son. Subsequently, the impacts of the mutations were evaluated through computational tools and a cell-based gene transfection assay. Results This is a rare case of tooth agenesis characterized by a congenitally missing first molar, a second molar with one single root and a supernumerary second premolar in the right mandibular dentition. The c.717 C>C/T in PAX9 is synonymous. The c.119C>G in MSX1 is a missense mutation predicted to be “benign” by Polyphen. Through whole-exome sequencing, we found a novel mutation, c.637-7 C>A in intron 3 of the WNT6 gene, which is predicted by MAXENT to influence the splicing of mRNA. Both the proband and his son carry this mutation. A cell-based gene transfection assay demonstrated that it did not alter the mRNA splicing of WNT6. Conclusion The interaction between single nucleotide polymorphisms may contribute to congenital tooth agenesis.

Objective To explore the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of multiple idiopathic root resorption to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clinical data of a case of multiple idiopathic root resorption were analyzed retrospectively, and the related literature was reviewed. Results The patient had no history of orthodontic correction, occlusal trauma, trauma history or other causes of root resorption. Clinical examination revealed full-mouth gingival congestion, redness, a loose texture, and variable degrees of destruction of the alveolar bone. Imaging examination showed that teeth 13, 16, 26, 36, 46 had idiopathic root resorption. The diagnoses were multiple idiopathic root resorption and periodontitis. The pathology tests showed that a large number of osteoclasts were present in the soft tissue surrounding the teeth. Whole-exome sequencing showed that there was a strong correlation between gene mutations (WNT7a and HSPG2) and the present phenotype. Root resorption of teeth without periodontitis was stopped after periodontal treatment during the 19-month follow-up. Tooth 13 was removed, and extraction socket preservation was performed. The etiology of idiopathic root resorption may be related to gene mutations, but it is not clear. At present, there is no effective treatment. Conclusion Multiple idiopathic root resorption has an unknown etiology, but it may be related to WNT7A and HSPG2 gene mutations. The rate of root resorption can be slowed by controlling periodontal inflammation.

Angiosarcoma is a rare subtype of soft tissue sarcoma with identifiable vascular differentiation. It can occur at any age and develop throughout the body, but it is most commonly found in skin, soft, and breast tissues. Primary retroperitoneal angiosarcoma is rarely reported in the relevant literature. This article reports a case of primary retroperitoneal angiosarcoma in a middle-aged man, with the relevant literature reviewed in detail. A 46-year-old male had experienced left waist pain for 2 months. An ultrasonic examination revealed a mass in the left retroperitoneum, and left retroperitoneal lesions were confirmed via computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The tumor was removed surgically, and the CT scan revealed local tumor recurrence after 1 month when the first adjuvant therapy was performed. The patient died of a massive hemorrhage from a ruptured tumor. Angiosarcoma has high malignancy and a poor prognosis. Its early diagnosis and treatment significantly impact the long-term survival rate of patients.

To realize the retrospective measurement of public dose levels after a nuclear emergency, the optically stimulated luminescence radiation dose-response characteristics of salt were studied, and the relationship between the salt optically stimulated luminescence signal and ionizing radiation dose was determined. The effects of natural light, storage time, and preheating temperature on the salt optically stimulated luminescence signal were examined. The results show that salt as a photoluminescence dose measurement material has the advantages of convenient sampling, high throughput, short detection time, wide dose range, and low detection limit. The study lays the technical foundation for achieving the public dose assessment of salt pulse photoluminescence.

Gearbox is widely used in petrochemical, shipbuilding, electric power and construction machinery, etc., and its fault monitoring and diagnosis technology is always a hot issue. A gearbox fault diagnosis method based on DS evidence theory, which integrates oil and vibration with multiple parameters is proposed. Aiming at the problem that the traditional single vibration signal analysis method is not sensitive to gear wear in the early stage, radial basis function（RBF） neural network is used to establish the classification model of the fusion of vibration time domain features and oil features. Vibration frequency-domain features are extracted adaptively based on high-dimensional variational autoencoder and fault classification is completed. Different evidence bodies obtained by RBF neural network and high dimensional variational autoencoder are fused by weighted DS evidence theory to obtain the final diagnosis result. Compared with different fusion methods, the effectiveness of the proposed method in gear fault diagnosis is verified.

The most common periodontal biotype in the Chinese population is thin, which obviously limits orthodontic tooth movement. Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) can not only accelerate tooth movement through corticotomy but also expand the range of orthodontic tooth movement by alveolar bone augmentation, which could reduce the periodontal complications of orthodontic therapy. The development of PAOO has gone through a long and tortuous historical process over more than 100 years: from osteotomy based on "bony block movement" at the beginning to cortical osteotomy based on "the regional acceleratory phenomenon" and then to PAOO based on "bone tissue engineering". Throughout its development history, the understanding of the biological basis determines the development of the clinical technology. Therefore, PAOO should be based on basic research. Both the present clinical practice and future surgical improvements should be based on the fundamentals of bone repair and regeneration. According to the current evidence, it is suggested that piezocision and laser-assisted flapless corticotomy should be chosen only for simple cortical osteotomy, and surgical navigation technology or 3D-printed surgical guides are recommended. When a large amount of bone augmentation is needed, PAOO with an intact flap is still the first choice. A stable and infection-free healing environment is the key to wound healing; therefore, in addition to infection control, the surgical area should also be protected from external forces. At present, there are few high-quality clinical studies on PAOO. Multicenter, large-sample, randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of different PAOO techniques in the future. The present article introduces the development history, fundamentals and operation precautions of PAOO, and a new perspective is also proposed, which may provide a reference for clinical practice.

Taking the gear transmission system of a hybrid vehicle as the research object, the lumped parameter method is used to establish the dynamic model of the transmission system. Under the combined action of the eccentricity error, tooth frequency error, and time-varying meshing stiffness of each gear pair, the numerical method is used to solve the dynamic characteristics of the transmission gear under light-load, low-speed cruising and high-speed overtaking. The transmission system is coupled with the box body, the finite element model of the gear box is established, the dynamic meshing force of the gear is loaded, and the vibration characteristics of the box body during the switching process of the two working conditions are simulated using the Ansys software. A bench test for comparing and verifying the correctness of the dynamic model and simulation calculation is set up. The position of the box with the largest amplitude through the test is obtained, which provides a strong basis for optimizing the structure of the transmission system and improving the vibration characteristics of the gear box.

While global climate risk is increasing substantially with greenhouse gas emission, energy transition is a key approach to alleviate this concern. This paper constructs the difference in difference model (DID) and the difference-in-differences based propensity score matching model (PSM-DID) to estimate the effects of China’s Environmental Protection Tax Law on energy transition and its transmission path. The empirical results show that (1) China’s Environmental Protection Tax Law can promote energy transition through electrification, and this conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests. (2) China’s Environmental Protection Tax Law can facilitate energy transition by improving both the quantity and the quality of industrial structure upgrading. The findings of this paper not only enrich the literature on the energy transition and environmental tax designs in developing countries but also provide an empirical reference for the government to promote energy transition orderly by implementing environmental tax.

The study aims to analyze the evolution trend of system vulnerability under the interactive relationship of building construction risk factors. Based on social technology theory, the influencing factors are analyzed from four subsystems: individual, technology, organization management, and internal and external environment. By using the method of “network AHP” (ANP), the “relative value” and “absolute value” of each factor are established. A comprehensive simulation model is established to simulate and analyze the “single” and “combined” control modes. The results show that, compared with the vulnerability of the building construction system in the initial state, the minimum decline of the vulnerability evolution trend of the building construction system is only 1.28%, and the maximum is only 14.2% after adopting a single control measure. Among them, the biggest decline in the vulnerability evolution trend is the construction of enhanced safety culture in personal subsystem control measures. After taking joint control measures, the decline of vulnerability evolution trend of the housing construction system is [25.96%, 36.8%]. The control effect of joint control measures is not that the more control measures are taken, the better. However, it depends on the absolute coefficient of the related factors of the influencing factors of the trunk center and the subsystem to which they belong to provide a reference for the risk control of housing construction.

The complex structure， poor ventilation as well as large number of cables impose risks to the operation of urban cable tunnels. Among the cable tunnel accidents， cable fire is the primary disaster imperiling power transmission and urban safety. FDS （fire dynamics simulator） is used to simulate the influence of underground cables on the occurrence and evolution of cable fire in T-shaped cable tunnel. Moreover， the influence of cable shaft location change brought about by the underground cable amount on temperature distribution and heat release rate （HRR） is analyzed. The results can be used as a reference for designing fire prevention and fire extinguishing devices for underground T-shaped cable tunnels.

Liu and Lu [27] investigated a generalized Gauss curvature flow and obtained an even solution to the dual Orlicz-Minkowski problem under some appropriate assumptions. The present paper investigates a inverse Gauss curvature flow, and achieves the long-time existence and convergence of this flow via a different C0-estimate technique under weaker conditions. As an application of this inverse Gauss curvature flow, the present paper first arrives at a non-even smooth solution to the Orlicz Minkowski problem.

Due to the relatively closed environment, complex internal structure, and difficult evacuation of personnel, it is more difficult to prevent ship fires than land fires. In this paper, taking the large cruise ship as the research object, the physical model of a cruise cabin fire is established through PyroSim software, and the safety indexes such as smoke temperature, CO concentration, and visibility are numerically simulated. An Attention-BP neural network model is designed for realizing the intelligent identification of a cabin fire and dividing the risk level, which integrates the diagnosis results of multiple neural network models through the self-Attention mechanism and adaptively distributes the weight of each BP neural network model. The proposed model can provide decision-making reference for subsequent fire-fighting measures and personnel evacuation. Experimental results show that the proposed Attention-BP neural network model can effectively realize the early warning of the fire risk level. Compared with other machine learning algorithms, it has the highest stability and accuracy and reduces the uncertainty of early cabin fire warning.

Calcareous sand is a natural foundation material for ports, airports and some civil buildings in ocean areas. Through the one-dimensional compression creep test of calcareous sand and the analysis of its micro-structure, it was found that the surface pore area decreased after creep and showed a dispersed distribution. In addition, the characteristics of instantaneous deformation, rapid deformation and attenuation deformation of the sample during the test were highly correlated with the particle size. The relative particle breakage rate and mass fractal dimension improved based on fractal theory were used to describe the degree of particle breakage after creep. The relationship between the decay of fractal dimension and creep with time, as well as the linear relationship between the fractal dimension of macroscopic mass and the fractal dimension of microscopic surface was obtained. On this basis, the fractal fracture behavior of calcareous sand with a single particle size group during long-term creep was analyzed at multiple scales, and the corresponding macro and micro cross-scale correlation was studied. The development of particle breakage and the variation of microscopic pores during creep were obtained. This study proved the rearrangement, crushing and grinding behavior of calcareous sand particles in the creep process, and revealed the creep mechanism of calcareous sand.

Objective To study the changes in levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with severe chronic periodontitis before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy and to explore the relationship among the levels of these four biomarkers in GCF, their periodontal status and their clinical significance to evaluate the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy and periodontitis activity. Methods In total, 30 patients with severe chronic periodontitis were enrolled in a 1-year longitudinal pilot study (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-OCH-13004679). At baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after nonsurgical therapy, the periodontal clinical indicators plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), sulcus bleeding index (SBI) were recorded. Filter paper strips were used to collect two deep-pocket (probing depth ≥ 6 mm) and two shallow-pocket (probing depth ≤ 4 mm) periodontal sites for each patient and weighed. The levels of interleukin IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and ALP in GCF were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Meanwhile, 30 healthy sites of 15 subjects with healthy periodontium were used as the baseline controls for patients with severe chronic periodontitis. Results At the baseline, the TNF-α, ALP and IL-6 levels in GCF of the disease sites of patients with periodontitis were significantly higher than those in healthy periodontal sites of the control group (P < 0.001), and the levels of IL-10 were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.001). In patients with severe chronic periodontitis, the levels of TNF-α, ALP and IL-6 in GCF at deep-pocket sites were significantly higher than those at shallow-pocket sites (P 0.05). 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after nonsurgical treatment, the periodontal clinical indicators were improved compared with the baseline. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the levels of these four biomarkers and the periodontal clinical parameters (P < 0.05). During the two follow-up visits after nonsurgical periodontal therapy, the sites with more than 2-mm increase in attachment loss had significant differences in the levels of the four biomarkers in the GCF compared with the previous visit time (P < 0.005). Conclusion The detection of the levels of these four biomarkers in GCF has strong clinical significance for assessing the severity of periodontitis and the efficacy of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Increased levels of TNF-α, ALP, and IL-6 and decreased IL-10 levels in GCF may indicate periodontitis progression at this site.

Abstract Background To determine the hypnotic and analgesic effects of brimonidine, and evaluate its efficacy and safety for general anesthesia. Potentiation of pentobarbital sleeping time following brimonidine administration was observed in mice, as was the analgesic activity of brimonidine. Methods The median effective dose (ED50) and lethal dose (LD50) of intraperitoneally injected brimonidine were determined in hypnotized mice. In addition, the LD50 of intravenously injected brimonidine, and ED50 of intravenously, intramuscularly, and intrarectally injected brimonidine in hypnotized rabbits were determined. Finally, the synergistic anesthetic effect of brimonidine and chloral hydrate was evaluated in rabbits. Results Intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg brimonidine enhanced the hypnotic effect of a threshold dose of pentobarbital. Intraperitoneally injected brimonidine produced dose-related analgesic effects in mice. The ED50 of intraperitoneally administered brimonidine in hypnotized mice was 75.7 mg/kg and the LD50 was 379 mg/kg. ED50 values of intravenous, intramuscular, and intrarectal brimonidine for hypnosis in rabbits were 5.2 mg/kg, 8.8 mg/kg, and 8.7 mg/kg, respectively; the LD50 of intravenous brimonidine was 146 mg/kg. Combined intravenous administration of 0.6 mg/kg brimonidine and 0.03 g/kg chloral hydrate had a synergistic anesthetic effect. Conclusions Brimonidine elicited hypnotic and analgesic effects after systemic administration and exhibited safety. Moreover, brimonidine enhanced the effects of other types of narcotics when combined.

Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the treatment of periodontitis in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and to provide better treatment for patients with T2DM complicated with periodontitis.Methods The PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, and Wanfang databases were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RevMan 5.3 was applied for the meta-analysis, and a systematic evaluation was conducted. Results A total of 8 RCTs were included. The results showed that compared to simple subgingival scaling and root planing (SRP), aPDT assisted SRP had a better effect on improving the probing depth (PD) at 3 months after treatment, The difference was statistically significant [WMD=-0.32,95%CI（-0.45, -0.2）, P < 0.05], but 6 months after treatment, there was no significant difference in the two groups [ WMD=-0.15,95%CI（-0.40, 0.10）,P=0.23]. During the 6-month follow-up period, there were no significant differences in the clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) between the two groups (P> 0.05).Conclusion aPDT-assisted periodontal nonsurgical treatment in T2DM patients can improve PD in the short term but has no significant effect on the improvement of CAL, BOP and HbA1c.

Genetic algorithm (GA) has strong global searching ability and is easy to operate, but its disadvantages such as poor convergence speed, unstable and easy to fall into local optimal value restrict its application. In order to overcome these disadvantages, an improved genetic algorithm based on the deep reinforcement learning model SAC (soft actor-critic) is proposed in this paper, which is applied to the resolution of traveling salesman problem (TSP). The improved algorithm regards the population as agent's interaction environment, meanwhile greedy algorithm is used to initialize this environment for improving the quality of initial populations. For controlling the evolution of the population, the improved crossover and mutation operations are used as agent's action space. With the goal of maximizing the cumulative rewards of population evolution, the improved algorithm treats the evolution of the population as a whole and uses a policy gradient algorithm based on SAC to generate evolution controlling action strategy combined with the current individual fitness of the population. The action strategy reasonably uses the global and local search ability of genetic algorithm by agent's actions, optimizing the evolutionary process of the population while balancing relationship between the population convergence rate and the times of genetic operation. The experimental results of TSPLIB indicate that the improved genetic algorithm can effectively avoid falling into the local optimal solution and reduce the number of iteration in the optimization process while improving the convergence rate of the population.

The Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) method was used to decompose the oil pressure signals containing different particle concentrations; the number of components of VMD decomposition is determined by using the criterion of joint comparison between the slope of the center frequency of each component and the main frequency of the component of VMD decomposition, and a method for determining the main components of the signal is proposed by the average energy value; the Hilbert envelope demodulation analysis was carried out for the maximum energy component of each pressure signal. The results showed that the larger the particle concentration in the oil, the greater the number of main components obtained by VMD decomposition, and the proportion of the main components per unit concentration showed a monotonically decreasing trend. The main frequency of the main component is the fundamental frequency of its signal or the multiplication frequency combined with the rotating shaft frequency; there is an amplitude modulation relationship between any components; with the increase of particle concentration, the fundamental frequency of the pressure signal decreases successively; the maximum energy component of each pressure signal has the characteristics of amplitude modulation and frequency modulation in different degrees.

Phlebitis is one of common complications of the intravenous infusion of fluids. This paper summarized the nursing experience of an acute cerebral infarction patient with phlebitis. In addition to the routine methods such as external application of potato slices and 50% magnesium sulfate wet dressing, the Comfeel hydrocolloid dressing was used to treat the phlebitis. Swelling and pain degree were measured. After 8 days after intervention with Comfeel hydrocolloid dressing, clinical symptoms of phlebitis disappeared and pain was relieved. The application of Comfeel hydrocolloid dressing is effective to relieve the irritation symptoms caused by phlebitis, it has advantages of easy-to-use, safe and being relatively painless. (静脉炎是经外周留置针穿刺常见的并发症。本研究总结1例急性脑梗死合并静脉炎患者的护理经验。在常规方法(土豆片、50%硫酸镁外敷)基础上, 给予康惠尔水胶体敷料治疗, 通过红肿面积、疼痛评分等评估护理效果。给予康惠尔水胶体敷料干预后8 d, 患者临床症状消失, 皮肤完好, 无疼痛。使用康惠尔水胶体敷料治疗静脉炎, 能改善血管的刺激症状, 具有操作简单、使用安全、无疼痛的优点。)

Objective To explore the effect of E3 ligase neuregulin receptor degradation protein 1 (Nrdp1) regulating macrophage polarization on the function of fibroblasts. Methods Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were combined to induce mouse primary peritoneal macrophages to M1 macrophages (M1), and IL-13 was used to induce macrophages to M2 macrophages (M2). Then flow cytometry and Western blotting were used to detect M1 surface marker protein CD11c and its specific secretion inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and M2 surface marker protein CD206 and the secretion arginase 1 (Arg1). After the mouse macrophages was transfected with siRNA-Nrdp1 transiently for 24 h, the expression of Nrdp1 was detected by Western blotting. A Transwell co-culture system was established for macrophages and fibroblasts, and was induced under different conditions. The co-cultured cells were divided into LPS group (co-induction of LPS and IFN-γ), LPS-NC group (co-induction and siRNA of irrelevant sequence), LPS-siRNA-Nrdp1 group (co-induction of LPS and siRNA-Nrdp1), IL-13 group, IL-13-NC group and IL-13-siRNA-Nrdp1 group. After co-culture for 8, 12 and 24 h, CCK-8 assay was employed to detect the proliferation of fibroblasts, and ELISA to measure the contents of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and type Ⅰ procollagen. Analysis of variance of factorial designs and Bonferroni test were used for statistical analysis for the data. Results The proportion of CD11c positive cells was significantly higher in the LPS-induced macrophages than the non-induced cells (P < 0.05), and similar result was seen in the IL-13-induced macrophages for CD206 expression (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis indicated the levels of iNOS and Arg1 were obviously higher in the LPS- and IL-13-induced macrophages than the non-induced control cells, respectively (P < 0.01). Transient transfection of siRNA-Nrdp1 resulted in notably lower expression of Nrdp1 when compared with the blank control and negative control transfection (both P < 0.01). In the co-culture system for 24 h, CCK8 assay showed the count of fibroblasts was significantly lower in the IL-13-siRNA-Nrdp1 group than the IL-13 and IL-13-NC groups (P < 0.01), and ELISA indicated that the content of TGF-β1 was lower in the IL-13-siRNA-Nrdp1 group than the IL-13 and IL-13-NC groups (P < 0.01), and that of type Ⅰ procollagen was lower in the IL-13-siRNA-Nrdp1 group than the IL-13 groups (P < 0.01). Conclusion Interference of Nrdp1 synthesis by siRNA can affect the polarization of macrophages to M2 type, inhibit the proliferation of fibroblasts in the co-culture system of M2 type macrophages and fibroblasts, and reduce the TGF-β1 and type Ⅰ procollagen in the co-culture system.